鸡白细胞介素18成熟蛋白在昆虫细胞/杆状病毒系统中的表达

将编码鸡的白细胞介素 1 8(chickeninterleukine 1 8,ChIL 1 8)成熟蛋白的基因亚克隆到杆状病毒转移载体pMelBacB上 ,构建真核转移载体pMelBacBChIL 1 8,经限制性内切酶消化、ChIL 1 8特异引物PCR鉴定和确证性序列测定 ,证明目的基因正确克隆到载体的预期位点。将纯化的pMelBacBChIL 1 8质粒与杆状病毒DNA(Bac N BlueTM DNA)共转染sf9昆虫细胞 ,经四轮蓝斑筛选纯化 ,获得了重组杆状病毒 ,命名为rBaculovirusChIL 1 8。提取病毒染色体DNA ,经ChIL 1 8特异引物和重组杆状病毒特异引物PCR鉴定 ,证明获得了纯化的重组杆状病毒。用该重组病毒接种sf9昆虫细胞 ,收获接种后不同时间的细胞进行SDS PAGE电泳。结果表明ChIL 1 8基因在昆虫细胞中获得了表达 ,表达的重组蛋白分子量约为 2 3kDa。应用在大肠杆菌原核表达系统中表达的重组蛋白制备的兔抗ChIL 1 8多克隆抗体进行Westernblot分析 ,表明本研究真核系统表达的ChIL 1 8成熟蛋白和前期原核系统表达的ChIL 1 8成熟蛋白均具有生物学活性。     

Expression of Flp Protein in a Baculovirus/Insect Cell System for Biotechnological Applications

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Flp protein is a site-specific recombinase that recognizes and binds to the Flp recognition target (FRT) site, a specific sequence comprised of at least two inverted repeats separated by a spacer. Binding of four monomers of Flp is required to mediate recombination between two FRT sites. Because of its site-specific cleavage characteristics, Flp has been established as a genome engineering tool. Amongst others, Flp is used to direct insertion of genes of interest into eukaryotic cells based on single and double FRT sites. A Flp-encoding plasmid is thereby typically cotransfected with an FRT-harboring donor plasmid. Moreover, Flp can be used to excise DNA sequences that are flanked by FRT sites. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether Flp protein and its step-arrest mutant, FlpH305L, recombinantly expressed in insect cells, can be used for biotechnological applications. Using a baculovirus system, the proteins were expressed as C-terminally 3?×?FLAG-tagged proteins and were purified by anti-FLAG affinity selection. As demonstrated by electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs), purified Flp and FlpH305L bind to FRT-containing DNA. Furthermore, using a cell assay, purified Flp was shown to be active in recombination and to mediate efficient insertion of a donor plasmid into the genome of target cells. Thus, these proteins can be used for applications such as DNA-binding assays, in vitro recombination, or genome engineering.     

Codon Usage in Signal Sequences Affects Protein Expression and Secretion Using Baculovirus/Insect Cell Expression System

By introducing synonymous mutations into the coding sequences of GP64sp and FibHsp signal peptides, the influences of mRNA secondary structure and codon usage of signal sequences on protein expression and secretion were investigated using baculovirus/insect cell expression system. The results showed that mRNA structural stability of the signal sequences was not correlated with the protein production and secretion levels, and FibHsp was more tolerable to codon changes than GP64sp. Codon bias analyses revealed that codons for GP64sp were well de-optimized and contained more non-optimal codons than FibHsp. Synonymous mutations in GP64sp sufficiently increased its average codon usage frequency and resulted in dramatic reduction of the activity and secretion of luciferase. Protein degradation inhibition assay with MG-132 showed that higher codon usage frequency in the signal sequence increased the production as well as the degradation of luciferase protein, indicating that the synonymous codon substitutions in the signal sequence caused misfolding of luciferase instead of slowing down the protein production. Meanwhile, we found that introduction of more non-optimal codons into FibHsp could increase the production and secretion levels of luciferase, which suggested a new strategy to improve the production of secretory proteins in insect cells.     

人尿激酶原cDNA在昆虫杆状病毒真核表达系统中的高效表达

人尿激酶原(pro-urokinase,pro-UK)是一种新型溶栓剂,优于尿激酶,具有血纤维蛋白特异性。为了在昆虫杆状病毒表达系统中高效表达pro-UK,我们在pAc373基础上,插入野生型AcMNPV polyhedrin启动子区-7～1碱基序列,构建了一个高表达转移载体pAcYT。分别经三次克隆将pro-UK cDNA正向插入到转移载体pAc373或PAcYT的BarnHI-KpnI位点上。用LiPofectin将pAcyT-UKDNA或pAc373-UK DNA与AcMNPV DNA共转染到昆虫Sf9细胞中,空斑法筛出重组病毒阳性克隆株。高效表达结果是:1.ELISA法确定重组病毒Sf9细胞分泌表达产物pro-UK为96mg/L培养基上清,平板法测定溶圈活性为1600IU/mL培养基上清;2.亲和层析一步法纯化表达产物,回收率选70％,以上,比活约为60000IU/mg;3.纯化的pro-UK,无论是否经还原处理,其SDS-PAGE图谱均为相同的单一条带,MR 50000;4.Western blot与SDS-PAGE图谱吻合。     

采用杆状病毒/昆虫表达系统纯化蛋白制备抗hUTP14a多克隆抗体

为制备兔抗人hUTP14a多克隆抗体并鉴定其抗体的特异性,本研究通过杆状病毒/昆虫表达系统制备并纯化Flag-hUTP14a-his蛋白,免疫新西兰家兔。ELISA方法检测免疫兔的抗血清滴度达到1∶10~5(体积比)时取血清,并通过Protein A免疫亲和层析柱纯化抗体。在人脐静脉内皮细胞(human umbilical vein endothelial cells,HUVEC)中过表达Flag-hUTP14a,或用小干扰RNA(small interference RNA, siRNA)沉默内源的hUTP14a蛋白表达后,提取细胞总蛋白质。经Western印迹分析制备的多克隆抗体的特异性;通过细胞免疫化学染色、细胞免疫荧光、免疫组织化学染色和免疫沉淀(immunoprecipitation, IP)实验对hUTP14a抗体的特异性进行鉴定。研究证实,制备的抗hUTP14a多克隆抗体能够特异性识别内源及外源表达的hUTP14a蛋白。该抗体可以用于细胞免疫荧光、细胞免疫化学染色、免疫组织化学染色、Western印迹及免疫沉淀等技术,为进一步研究hUTP14a的生物学功能提供了特异性抗体。     

昆虫细胞—杆状病毒表达系统表达尿激酶原

在转瓶和２Ｌ搅拌反应器中,利用重组杆状病毒ＡｃＮＰＶ感染ｓｆ９昆虫细胞表达尿激酶原。在转瓶中,细胞接毒密度１２×１０６／ｍＬ、ＭＯＩ＝３０时,尿激酶原活性达到１０６５ＩＵ／ｍＬ。研究了尿激酶原表达过程中葡萄糖、乳酸的代谢变化。实验结果表明细胞状态对尿激酶原的表达水平有显著影响。     

DLC-1基因在MCF-7人乳腺癌细胞系中低表达的机制探究

目的：探究DLC-1基因在MCF-7人乳腺癌细胞系中低表达的机制。方法：应用甲基化特异性PCR（MSP）检测人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7的DLC-1基因甲基化状态,不同浓度的5-氮杂-2＇-脱氧胞嘧啶（5-Aza-CdR）处理人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7,RT-PCR及Real-time PCR定量检测用药前后细胞中DLC-1基因mRNA表达水平变化。结果：DLC-1基因启动子区CpG岛呈甲基化状态,经过5-Aza-CdR处理后,DLC-1基因启动子区呈去甲基化状态,并且其mRNA恢复表达。结论：抑癌基因DLC-1 CpG岛甲基化是导致该基因低表达的原因之一,5-Aza-CdR能逆转DLC-1基因甲基化状态。     

DLC-1 基因在MCF-7 人乳腺癌细胞系中低表达的机制探究

目的:探究DLC-1基因在MCF-7人乳腺癌细胞系中低表达的机制。方法:应用甲基化特异性PCR(MSP)检测人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7的DLC-1基因甲基化状态,不同浓度的5-氮杂-2’-脱氧胞嘧啶(5-Aza-CdR)处理人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7,RT-PCR及Real-time PCR定量检测用药前后细胞中DLC-1基因mRNA表达水平变化。结果:DLC-1基因启动子区CpG岛呈甲基化状态,经过5-Aza-CdR处理后,DLC-1基因启动子区呈去甲基化状态,并且其mRNA恢复表达。结论:抑癌基因DLC-1 CpG岛甲基化是导致该基因低表达的原因之一,5-Aza-CdR能逆转DLC-1基因甲基化状态。     

The SWI/SNF Subunit/Tumor Suppressor BAF47/INI1 Is Essential in Cell Cycle Arrest upon Skeletal Muscle Terminal Differentiation

Myogenic terminal differentiation is a well-orchestrated process starting with permanent cell cycle exit followed by muscle-specific genetic program activation. Individual SWI/SNF components have been involved in muscle differentiation. Here, we show that the master myogenic differentiation factor MyoD interacts with more than one SWI/SNF subunit, including the catalytic subunit BRG1, BAF53a and the tumor suppressor BAF47/INI1. Downregulation of each of these SWI/SNF subunits inhibits skeletal muscle terminal differentiation but, interestingly, at different differentiation steps and extents. BAF53a downregulation inhibits myotube formation but not the expression of early muscle-specific genes. BRG1 or BAF47 downregulation disrupt both proliferation and differentiation genetic programs expression. Interestingly, BRG1 and BAF47 are part of the SWI/SNF remodeling complex as well as the N-CoR-1 repressor complex in proliferating myoblasts. However, our data show that, upon myogenic differentiation, BAF47 shifts in favor of N-CoR-1 complex. Finally, BRG1 and BAF47 are well-known tumor suppressors but, strikingly, only BAF47 seems essential in the myoblasts irreversible cell cycle exit. Together, our data unravel differential roles for SWI/SNF subunits in muscle differentiation, with BAF47 playing a dual role both in the permanent cell cycle exit and in the regulation of muscle-specific genes.     

Tumor Suppressor p53 Down-Regulates Tissue-Specific Expression of Tyrosinase Gene in Human Melanoma Cell Lines

Tyrosinase, the key gene in melanin pigment synthesis, is tissue-specifically expressed in melanocytic cells. Expression of this gene is regulated by various hormones, carcinogens, and environmental factors. The molecular basis underlying tyrosinase gene regulation is still not clear. In this report, we present the effects of tumor suppressor p53 protein on tyrosinase gene expression and melanin synthesis in human melanoma. After stable transfection of wild type p53 expression plasmid into a highly pigmented melanoma cell line, overexpression of wt p53 suppressed the pigmentation of the melanoma cells. The loss of pigmentation was associated with the loss of endogenous tyrosinase expression at the activity and mRNA levels. In order to determine whether the p53 repression of tyrosinase mRNA involved modulation of tyrosinase promoter activity, transient transfection approaches involving p53 expression plasmid and construct containing chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) reporter gene linked to 270 bp tissue-specific tyrosinase promoter have been used. p53 specifically repressed CAT gene expression from the tyrosinase promoter and not from the Rous sarcoma virus promoter. These data suggest that in human melanoma p53 down-regulates the tissue-specific expression of tyrosinase gene and subsequent melanin synthesis.     

A Role for the Putative Tumor Suppressor Bin1 in Muscle Cell Differentiation

Bin1 is a Myc-interacting protein with features of a tumor suppressor. The high level of Bin1 expression in skeletal muscle prompted us to investigate its role in muscle differentiation. Significant levels of Bin1 were observed in undifferentiated C2C12 myoblasts, a murine in vitro model system. Induction of differentiation by growth factor withdrawal led to an upregulation of Bin1 mRNA and to the generation of higher-molecular-weight forms of Bin1 protein by alternate splicing. While Bin1 in undifferentiated cells was localized exclusively in the nucleus, differentiation-associated isoforms of Bin1 were found in the cytoplasm as well. To examine the function of Bin1 during differentiation, we generated stable cell lines that express exogenous human Bin1 cDNA in the sense or antisense orientation. Cells overexpressing Bin1 grew more slowly than control cells and differentiated more rapidly when deprived of growth factors. In contrast, C2C12 cells expressing antisense Bin1 showed an impaired ability to undergo differentiation. Taken together, the results indicated that Bin1 expression, structure, and localization are tightly regulated during muscle differentiation and suggested that Bin1 plays a functional role in the differentiation process.     

不同区段HIV-1 env基因在Bac-to-Bac昆虫细胞杆状病毒表达系统中的表达及检测

利用昆虫细胞杆状病毒表达系统,将从一株HIV-1阳性克隆质粒中获得的几个HIV包膜蛋白基因片段,克隆入转移载体中得到重组病毒.用此重组病毒感染昆虫细胞后表达出3种HIV包膜蛋白,即GP120-41P、GP41T、GP41P,分别含有HIV-1包膜糖蛋白GP120及部分GP41,删除了N端12个疏水氨基酸的GP41和仅有主要表位约240个氨基酸的GP41.收获后分别以Western-blotting和EIA检测,有较好的免疫学活性,其中GP41T的活性最强.该实验为HIV包膜蛋白的结构研究提供了依据,加以改进后可能有免疫检测的价值.     

Characterization of the Human Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Heterologously Produced Using the Baculovirus/Insect Cell and the Semliki Forest Virus Systems

1. Two eukaryotic viral systems, the baculovirus/insect cell and the Semliki Forest virus systems, were tested for heterologous expression of human gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) cDNA.2. An unmodified as well as a c-myc epitope-tagged human GnRH receptor was produced in two insect cell lines (Spodoptera frugiperda, Trichoplusia ni) after infection with the respective recombinant baculoviruses. In both insect cell lines, the receptor was identified by immunoblot analysis as a triplet of bands between 35 and 40 kDa. After deglycosylation of the receptor the molecular mass decreased to 35 kDa. The GnRH receptor was localized in membrane compartments within the infected insect cells. However, only in membranes of infected Trichoplusia ni insect cells could 2000 receptors per cell be detected.3. Production of the GnRH receptor in BHK cells using the Semliki Forest virus system resulted in 50,000 receptors per cell. A maximal yield of 0.42 pmol/mg membrane protein was obtained 24 hr after electroporation of BHK cells with in vitro synthesized RNA. Binding of the antagonist [¹²⁵I]Cetrorelix was saturable with a K _D of 1.3 nM. The receptor produced in the BHK cells was further characterized by ligand displacement studies. The rank order of agonist and antagonist affinities was Cetrorelix > Triptorelin > Antide > GnRH.     

Unraveling Human Tumor Suppressor Pathways: A Tale of the INK4A Locus

Research on tumor suppressors has for a long time run on two tracks: analysis of the mutations found in human tumor material, and active genetic manipulation in mice. As primary human cells were not easily amenable to genetic alterations, the proof to designate a suspected gene as a tumor suppressor was often by generation of knockout mice and analysis of their phenotypes. In this way, a vast amount of information has been gathered on the actions of major players in carcinogenesis. However, it has recently become apparent that there are major differences in the requirements for oncogenic transformation between human and mouse cells. Among these are the expression of hTERT, SV40 small t, and the response to Ras induced growth arrest by the tumor suppressor pathways involving p53, pRb and the INK4A locus. The potential contribution of these tumor suppressors to the prevention of transformation of human cells can now begin to be unraveled by the recent emergence of novel RNA interference genetic tools.     

人类抑癌基因beclin 1在胃癌和直结肠癌中表达下调的研究

人类抑癌基因beclin 1通过自噬作用调节细胞生长,但在胃癌和直结肠癌中其表达水平和调控机制仍不清楚．通过检测胃癌和直结肠肿瘤组织中beclin 1基因的表达水平,及DNA异常甲基化和杂合子缺失对其表达的影响,发现与癌旁组织相比,35％的胃癌标本和30％的直结肠癌标本中beclin 1基因表达显著下调．同时发现,beclin 1基因5’端存在一高密度CpG岛,在胃癌和直结肠癌中beclin 1的启动子区域和第二个内含子区域存在甲基化,而杂合子缺失仅在胃癌中发生．这些发现表明beclin 1基因的异常甲基化和杂合子缺失对其在胃癌和直结肠癌中的表达起调控作用．     

中和性流行性感冒病毒基因工程抗体在昆虫细胞中的全基因表达、纯化及鉴定

将中和性流行性感冒 (流感 )病毒基因工程抗体IV 2、IV 6的轻链和重链Fd段基因 ,分别克隆入全抗体表达载体 pAC L Fc ,构建成杆状病毒表达载体pAC L Fc Ⅳ 2和 pAC L Fc Ⅳ 6 ,转染昆虫Sf9细胞 ,利用杆状病毒 /昆虫细胞系统实现抗体的分泌型表达 ,表达产物进行亲和层析分离纯化。SDS PAGE电泳和Westernblot法证实有完整免疫球蛋白的表达 ,免疫印迹法证实它们能与流感病毒血凝素蛋白特异性结合。经间接竞争性抑制ELISA法测定 ,抗体与流感病毒抗原结合的解离常数KD 值分别为 2 5× 10 -9M和 3 0× 10 -9M。流感病毒基因工程全抗体经在昆虫细胞中的表达、纯化和抗体特性鉴定 ,获得了两株纯化的全抗体 ,可用于以后的动物模型呼吸道粘膜被动免疫抗感染的研究。