银耳孢子多糖的分离和分析

由固体培养法得到的中国福建产银耳孢子(Tremella fuciformis Berk.),经沸水提取、三氯醋酸-正丁醇除蛋白、乙醇沉淀分离制备的多糖具有明显提高机体免疫功能的作用。应用CTAB(溴化十六烷基三甲胺)络合法进一步精制后的银耳孢子多糖干品,含糖量达80％左右。经纸层析,醋酸纤维素薄膜电泳及琼脂糖电泳分析表明,其主成分为单一斑点。组成分析发现分子中富含己糖醛酸,主要组成单糖有木糖、甘露糖、岩藻糖、葡萄糖、阿拉伯糖及葡萄糖醛酸等。组成中不含蛋白和核酸类物质。红外光谱分析证明,分子中具有典型酰基结构。     

利用光谱技术确定银耳多糖中糖醛酸的连接位点与连接方式

为确定银耳酸性杂多糖结构中糖醛酸的连接位点,对银耳多糖进行了部分酸水解,并采用Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱纯化,得到银耳寡糖部分。对寡糖PMP衍生化后的MS~n分析表明,该寡糖均为酸性糖,主要含有银耳二糖和少量三糖,结合组成糖、甲基化和NMR结果分析,β-D-葡萄糖醛酸残基作为非还原末端以(1→2)-连接方式与甘露糖相连。     

葡萄糖醛酸的新陈代谢

根据同位素实验结果证明葡萄糖可以直接变成葡萄糖醛酸。Douglas和King用莰醇(冰片)饲豚鼠,再向腹腔内注射葡萄糖-1-C~(14)或葡萄糖-6-C~(14),然后从尿中分离出莰醇葡萄糖醛酸苷。发现给1-C~(14)葡萄糖时约61％的C~(14)位于葡萄糖醛酸分子的C-1上;给6-C~(14)葡萄糖时约67％的C~(14)位于葡萄糖醛酸分子的C-6上,说明葡萄糖的碳链并不分裂即直接转变成葡萄糖醛酸。但是许多学者证明葡萄糖不能直接氧化成葡萄糖醛     

银耳孢子多糖TF-A、TF-B、TF-C的分离、纯化及组成单糖的鉴定

用固体培养法获得的中国福建产银耳孢子(Tremella fucifromis Berk)经热水提取,三氯醋酸-正丁醇除杂蛋白、透析、乙醇沉淀,再通过DEAE-Dextran-Gel A-25柱层析分离和Sephadex G-200柱层析纯化,得到三种白色粉末状的多糖,命名为TF-A、TF-B及TF-C。用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,葡聚糖凝胶柱层析及气相色谱分析证明三者均为均一体。TF-A、TF-B及TF-C用酸完全水解,经纸层析和气相色谱分析表明:TF-A由L-岩藻糖、L-阿拉伯糖、D-木糖、D-甘露糖、D-半乳糖和D-葡萄糖组成,摩尔比为葡萄糖:甘露糖:木糖:岩藻糖:阿拉伯糖:半乳糖=1.06:1.0:0.33:0.29:0.037:0.75,TF-B及TF-C都由L-岩藻糖、L-阿拉伯糖、D-木糖、D-甘露糖、D-葡萄糖和葡萄糖醛酸组成,摩尔比分别为:葡萄糖:甘露糖:木糖:岩藻糖:阿拉伯糖:葡萄糖醛酸=0.16:1.0:0.28:0.73:0.036:0.19和0.086:1.0:0.37:0.75:0.058:0.37。     

银耳深层发酵浸膏多糖抗氧化活性的研究

对银耳液体深层发酵多糖浸膏进行乙醇分级,得到乙醇终浓度为35%,50%,65%的3个多糖组分,即TF1,TF2,TF3。对其抗氧化活性进行了比较研究,结果表明:TF3的抗氧化活性最强,对超氧阴离子的清除率为16.9%,对羟基自由基的清除率为23.6%。     

四川溲疏的化学成分研究(英文)

运用多种色谱技术从四川溲疏(Deutzia setchuenensis Franch)全草的95%乙醇提取物中首次分离到9个化合物。通过波谱方法和与已知品对照的手段将它们鉴定为:β-谷甾醇(1)、白桦酯醇(2)、hydrangetin(3)、齐墩果酸(4)、肉桂酸(5)、齐墩果酸-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸苷(6)、β-胡萝卜苷(7)、齐墩果酸-3-O-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸-6-正丁酯)(8)和齐墩果酸-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(9)。     

尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖醛酸基转移酶基因多态性的研究进展

尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖醛酸基转移酶(UDP-glucuronosyltransferase,UGT)是生物体内进行第Ⅱ相生物转化时最重要的一种酶。UGT广泛分布于人体的肝、肾和肠等不同组织,代谢大量的外源性毒性物质和内源性物质。研究发现,UGT1A基因多态性是个体间葡萄糖醛酸化活性差异的重要原因之一。本文就UGT1A基因多态性的研究现状予以综述。     

高效液相色谱法联用蒸发光散射测定薏苡仁多糖的单糖组成

建立高效液相色谱法(HPLC)联用蒸发光散射(ELSD),对薏苡仁多糖的单糖组成进行测定。HPLC色谱条件:Supelco~?APHERA NH_2 Polymer色谱柱(150 mm×2 mm,5μm);流动相:乙腈-0.05 mol/L醋酸铵溶液(体积比为85∶15);流速:0.2 mL/min;进样量:10μL;柱温:35℃;ELSD检测条件:漂移管温度为60℃,载气流量为1.6 L/min。研究结果表明:甘露糖(mannose)、半乳糖(galactose)、葡萄糖醛酸(glucuroaicacid)、鼠李糖(rhamnose)、半乳糖醛酸(galacturonic acid)、葡萄糖(glucose)、阿拉伯糖(arabirose)和岩藻糖(flucose)的进样量对数与峰面积对数在一定范围内均呈现出较好的线性关系(0.999 1～0.999 9),回收率均在97.4%～100.4%,RSD均小于2%。研究表明该方法准确可靠,分离效果好,可用于测定薏苡仁多糖的单糖组成。     

正己醇降解菌的分离、筛选及分类鉴定

为获得可降解正己醇的真菌菌种,分别以苹果园土壤、苹果渣、苹果酒醪和醋醅为分离源,采用富集培养和紫外线定向诱变,得到了两株能在pH3.8-4.0的条件下降解正己醇的真菌菌株TF和TM。菌株TM和TF在马铃薯葡萄糖培养液中对4.0mg/mL正己醇的降解率分别为45.60±5.43%和23.82±9.27%,与对照在α=0.01水平上差异显著。结合形态学特征及26S rDNA D1/D2区(菌株TM)和ITS区(菌株TF)序列分析,对两株菌进行了分类鉴定。结果表明:菌株TM属于地霉属Geotrichum,菌株TF为白地霉Geotrichum candidum(有性型Galactomyces geotrichum)。     

白皮杉醇苷在大鼠体内外的葡萄糖醛酸结合代谢研究北大核心CSCD

白皮杉醇苷(PG)是藏边大黄中一种天然抗氧化剂,前期研究发现其极易发生代谢。本文主要研究PG在大鼠体内外的葡萄糖醛酸结合代谢特征。SD大鼠经尾静脉注射给予PG(20 mg/kg),采集给药后胆汁样品,采用LC-MS对主要代谢产物进行结构推测。在此基础上,研究大鼠肝微粒体体外温孵体系中PG的葡萄糖醛酸结合代谢,并测定酶促反应动力学参数。实验结果显示SD大鼠经尾静脉注射给予PG,可在胆汁中快速检测到多种PG及其衍生物的葡萄糖醛酸结合代谢产物。在大鼠肝微粒体体外温孵体系中,PG代谢生成两个与体内一致的单葡萄糖醛酸结合代谢物,其葡萄糖醛酸结合代谢的最大反应速率(Vmax)、米氏常数(Km)和肝内清除率CLint(Vmax/Km)分别为10.11 nmol/(min·mg)、0.36 mmol/L和0.028 m L/(min·mg)。PG经静脉途径进入大鼠体内可经肝脏被快速地广泛代谢,葡萄糖醛酸结合代谢是其体内消除的主要途径之一。大鼠肝脏的葡萄糖醛酸转移酶对PG有较强的亲和力,可催化PG发生快速的葡萄糖醛酸结合代谢。     

Combination of HSCCC and Sephadex LH-20 methods An approach to isolation and purification of the main individual theaflavins from black tea

In order to separate the main individual theaflavin monomers from black tea, high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography were applied. The results showed that theaflavin (TF1), theaflavin-3-gallate (TF2A), theaflavin-3'-gallate (TF2B) and theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TF3) can be obtained by HSCCC using a solvent system composed of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (1:3:1:6, v/v/v/v), but the TF1 was containing epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG). Similarly, Sephadex LH-20 can also effectively separate TF2A(B) and TF3, but epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) contaminated TF1, too. Combination of HSCCC and Sephadex LH-20, the preferably purified TF1, TF2A(B) and TF3 were obtained than single separation technique. In addition, ECG and EGCG were also suggested to be able to be comprehensively separated by combination of the two techniques.     

Thymosin fraction 5 causes increased serum corticosterone in rodents in vivo

In these studies it was found that i.p. injection of thymosin fraction 5 (TF5) caused a dose-dependent increase in serum corticosterone in male Swiss Webster mice and in male Wistar rats. The maximum responses were seen at 1 and 2 hr, respectively. There was no effect on serum corticosterone in mice when Thymosin alpha 1 (a 28 amino acid peptide isolated from TF5) was injected i.p. at doses up to 100 micrograms. The steroidogenic effects of TF5 were seen only when the basal levels of serum corticosterone were low (less than 80 ng/ml). In studies in which the baseline levels in the animal colony were elevated (greater than 80 ng/ml), there were no steroidogenic effects, or they were minimal. These results suggest that some component of TF5 may influence pituitary adrenal function.     

凝血酶对大鼠星形胶质细胞组织因子活性表达的影响及其机制

目的：观察凝血酶对大鼠星形胶质细胞组织因子活性表达的影响及其机制。方法;培养Ｗｉｓｔａｒ乳鼠星形胶质细胞,细胞用抗神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白单克隆抗体确认。细胞冻融液组织因子活性检测采用一期血浆复地。结果：与对照组比较,凝血酶使星形胶质细胞组织因子表达明显增高（Ｐ〈０．０５）。当凝血酶与三氟吡啦嗪或Ｈ７联用时,它对呈形胶质细胞表达组织因子活性的刺激作用受到抑制。与凝血酶组比较,已呵可碱十凝血酶组星形胶质     

The radiation-modifying capacity of xenogenic apotransferrin for the number of endogenous colony forming units in the spleen of irradiated mice

After intraperitoneal injection of 100 or 198 mg/kg of human serum apotransferrin (apo TF) to mice 1 day before acute exposure to 6 Gy of gamma-radiation, the number of endogenous CFU in spleen (CFUs) increased 2.5 or 2.6 times respectively. At a dose fo 10 mg/kg of the protein only an increasing tendency was found, whereas a dose of 1 mg/kg was inefficient. A dose of 100 mg/kg of BSA did not show any effect suggesting that non-specific immune response to alien antigen did not contribute to apo TF radiomodifying action. The following mechanisms of the apoTF radiomodifying effect are discussed: 1) the ability of the protein to inactivate Fe3+ ions that reduces the consequences of radiation oxidative stress; 2) the stimulation of proliferation of the exposed bone marrow cells by activation of Fe3+ transport or by Ca2+ mediated mechanism of mitogen signal transduction; 3) changing in the content and ratio of cyclic nucleotides by apo TF stimulation of Ca-calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase.     

禽流感特异性转移因子的制备及其免疫作用

目的制备禽流感病毒特异性转移因子并探讨其对禽流感灭活疫苗的免疫增效作用。方法用禽流感病毒H5N1血清亚型灭活疫苗免疫鸡,用国标血凝抑制方法检测病毒特异性血凝抑制抗体效价。当抗体效价达到高峰时,翅静脉采取外周血,分离淋巴细胞并制备细胞单层、传代后获得禽流感病毒H5N1血清亚型特异性转移因子。用所获得的特异性转移因子进行疫苗免疫增效试验。结果采用本法可获得禽流感病毒特异性转移因子。免疫增效试验表明,在进行禽流感病毒灭活疫苗免疫的同时使用禽流感病毒特异性转移因子,可在一定幅度内提高禽流感病毒抗体水平并能延长抗体维持时间。不同给药途径比较试验表明,口服途径给药的疫苗增效作用优于注射途径给药。结论通过淋巴细胞体外培养可以制备禽流感病毒特异性转移因子。禽流感病毒H5N1血清亚型特异性转移因子对禽流感病毒灭活疫苗具有明显的增效作用,且口服途径给药的疫苗免疫增效作用优于注射途径给药。     

Purification of hyaluronidase from human placenta.

Hyaluronidase [EC 3.2.1.35] was isolated from human placenta and purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-cellulose column chromatography and gel filtration on Sephadex G-150. Its isoelectric point was at pH 5.2 and the molecular weight was 7 X 10(4) based on Sephadex G-200 gel filtration data. This enzyme was very stable at temperatures below 30 degree, but was almost completely inactivated at 60degree within 30 min. Its optimum pH was 3.9, a characteristic property of a lysosomal hyaluronidase. The Michaelis constant was 1.18 x 10(-1) mg per ml with purified hyaluronate. This enzyme depolymerized hyaluronate, chondroitin, chondroitin 4-sulfate and 6-sulfate, and the end product formed from hyaluronate was tetrasaccharide. Its biological diffusing activity was statistically significant on intracutaneous injection of 1.86 mU of the hyaluronidase into the back skine of a rabbit.     

Comparison of properties of thiol proteinase inhibitors from rat serum and liver

Thiol proteinase inhibitors in rat serum were purified and their properties were compared with those of rat liver thiol proteinase inhibitor. The inhibitors in rat serum were separated into three forms (S-1, S-2, and S-3) by linear gradient elution from a DE52 column. One inhibitor (S1) was purified to homogeneity by chromatography on ficin-bound Sepharose and Sephadex G-150 columns. The apparent molecular weights of S1, S2, and S3 on Sephadex G-150 columns were 90,000, 95,000, and 160,000, respectively. Serum thiol proteinase inhibitor and liver thiol proteinase differed in the following: 1) all three forms of serum inhibitor had much higher molecular weights than the liver thiol proteinase inhibitor (Mr = 12,500); 2) no cross-reactivity was observed between serum inhibitors and liver inhibitor in tests with either antiserum inhibitor or anti-liver antiserum; 3) both serum inhibitor and liver inhibitor were specific for thiol proteinases, but had different inhibition spectra; 4) the liver inhibitor did not bind to concanavalin A-Sepharose, whereas the serum inhibitor bound and was eluted with alpha-methyl mannoside. A thiol proteinase inhibitor of high molecular weight detected in tissue homogenates inhibited papain markedly but did not inhibit cathepsin H. Its activity was diminished by perfusion of the organ, indicating that it is derived from serum.     

CONTROL OF GRANULOCYTE PRODUCTION

In normal conditions the granulocytic cell population is prevented from excessive cell proliferation by a humoral mechanism based on a specific feedback inhibitor, granulocytic chalone. In conditions of acute functional demand a tissue-specific stimulator, granulocytic antichalone, replaces chalone in rat serum. Mature granulocytes contain, and presumably produce, the chalone which is also present in fresh normal serum. Thus, the inhibitor is both humoral and present within the same cell system on which it acts: the action of this chalone is target tissue specific as it only inhibits granulocytic precursor cells in normal rat bone marrow in vitro. Granulocytic chalone and antichalone were partly purified by gel filtration on Sephadex; the elution parameters suggested molecular weights of 4000 and 30,000–35,000, respectively. Granulocytic chalone was not separated from the erythrocytic chalone (present in fresh normal serum and in blood erythrocytes) on Sephadex; however, separation at the cellular level was easily achieved.     

Kirsten murine sarcoma virus transformed cell lines and a spontaneously transformed rat cell-line produce transforming factors

We have examined culture fluids from a variety of Kirsten murine sarcoma virus (KiMSV) transformed rat and mouse cells for the presence of factors which induce normal Rat-1 cells to assume the transformed phenotype. All KiMSV transformants produced transforming factor (TF). Revertants of KiMSV transformed rat or mouse cells failed to relase TF as did normal rat or mouse cells. Cells transformed by a temperature sensitive mutant of KiMSV produced TF at the permissive temperature but not at the nonpermissive temperature. Further, cells from a spontaneous transformant of Rat-1 cells also produced TF. TF is a small polypeptide which competes for the epidermal growth factor receptor. Its effect upon normal cells is reversible and requires de novo RNA and protein synthesis. Cells treated with TF lose the actin fibers observed in normal fibroblasts, assume a transformed cell morphology, become anchorage independent for growth, grow in low concentrations of serum, grow to a high cell density, and have an increased rate of hexose uptake.     

Thymosin fraction 5 (TF5) stimulates secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from cultured rat pituitaries

In vivo administration of a partially purified thymic hormone-containing extract of the thymus gland, TF5, causes an increase in serum glucocorticoids. The lack of a direct effect of TF5 on adrenal corticosterone secretion suggests that it is mediated at the level of the pituitary. Cultured rat pituitary monolayers were used to determine if the effect is mediated by stimulation of ACTH secretion from the pituitary. Two lots of TF5, BPP100 and C114080-01, caused a dose dependent secretion of ACTH from cultured pituitary monolayers. There was a synergistic effect when the cells were treated with both TF5 and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). Immunoneutralization studies were done in which the cells were treated with TF5 or CRF and an antibody to CRF. The antibody completely blocked CRF induced ACTH release, but had no effect on TF5 stimulated ACTH release, suggesting that the activity is not due to a CRF-like peptide in TF5. A number of peptides isolated from TF5, and certain other peptides produced by the immune system were evaluated for their ability to stimulate ACTH secretion. These included thymosin (TSN) alpha 1, alpha 11, and beta 4, prothymosin alpha (PT alpha, thymopoeitin 5 (TP5), factuer thymique serique (FTS), interferon alpha (INF alpha), INF gamma, interleukin 1 (IL-1), and interleukin 2 (IL-2). None of these factors had any effect on pituitary ACTH secretion. These results demonstrate that some peptide component of TF5 causes an increase in serum corticosteroids by stimulating pituitary ACTH release.