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1.
A method for secondary somatic embryogenesis was developed on embryos derived from embryogenic callus formed on Hepatica nobilis seedlings. Somatic embryogenesis (SE) was induced on seedlings (on the hypocotyl and epicotyl parts) grown on the Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium (MS) supplemented with 1 µM naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and/or 0.1 µM 6-benzyladenine (BA) and on medium without plant growth regulators (PGR). The best response of embryogenic callus formation was observed on the medium containing 1 µM NAA alone or with 0.1 µM BA. Individual somatic embryos, formed on embryogenic callus on the medium without PGR (MS0), at heart, torpedo and cotyledonary stage, were transferred to the media where secondary somatic embryo formation and development into plantlets occurred. Although the most efficient repetitive cycles of secondary SE were recorded for all stages of somatic embryos (heart, torpedo, cotyledonary) on the MS0 medium (77.8–87.4 %), secondary somatic embryos were also obtained on all media supplemented with cytokinins. The best rate of somatic embryos germination was achieved on MS media with 0.2 µM NAA and 2 µM BA, and 0.1 µM NAA and 1 µM BA (48.8–52.0 %) when more mature embryos (cotyledonary stage) were used. Plantlets grown from somatic embryos were successfully acclimatized to greenhouse conditions. 相似文献
2.
A protocol for somatic embryogenesis in Azadirachta indica A Juss. has been standardized using in vivo leaflets. Experiments were carried out to examine the effect of various auxins, cytokinins, sucrose, inorganic and organic
salts on subsequent somatic embryo induction and maturation. Embryogenic calli were induced on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium
supplemented with 1.5 mg dm−3 kinetin and 1.5 mg dm−3 indole-3-acetic acid and subsequently all the stages of somatic embryo development (globular, cordate, torpedo and cotyledonary)
were observed. Maturation of these embryos was accomplished with the same growth regulators after three subcultures. The histological
study of somatic embryos showed resembles to zygotic embryos. The matured somatic embryos were transferred onto half strength
MS-medium devoid of growth regulators for their germination (82 %). Plantlets were acclimatized in the field with a survival
rate of 80–83.5 %. 相似文献
3.
Glória Pinto Sónia Silva Lucinda Neves Clara Araújo Conceição Santos 《Trees - Structure and Function》2010,24(4):763-769
We recently described a protocol for Eucalyptus globulus somatic embryogenesis (SE). For its immediate use at industrial levels, some stages of the process require better control.
In particular, SE germination rates are variable, decreasing SE efficacy. As reserves may play a central role in embryogenic
processes, we followed histocytological changes and reserve fluctuations, during SE. For SE induction, explants of mature
zygotic embryos were grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 3 mg l−1 α-naphthalene acetic acid and later transferred to MS without growth regulators (MSWH). Samples of zygotic embryo cotyledons (explants), of globular and dicotyledonar somatic embryos, and of embling leaves were
analysed for reserve accumulation and histocytological profiles. Cotyledon cells of zygotic embryos were rich in lipid and
protein bodies, having almost no starch. After 3 weeks of induction, starch grain density increased in differentiated mesophyll
regions, while in meristematic regions their occurrence was diffuse. In globular somatic embryos, starch accumulation increased
with time (in amyloplasts), but protein bodies were absent. Cotyledonary somatic embryos had lower density of starch grains
and absence of lipid and protein bodies. Embling leaves showed typical histological organisation. This is the first comprehensive
study on histological and cytological changes during Eucalyptus SE with emphasis in reserve accumulation. With this work we demonstrate that the presently available SE protocol for E. globulus leads to reserve fluctuations during the process. Moreover, the reserves of somatic embryo cotyledons differ from those of
their zygotic embryo counterparts, which reinforce the importance of reserves in the embryogenic process and suggests that
manipulating external conditions, SE may be optimised giving suitable emblings production for industrial purposes. 相似文献
4.
An efficient somatic embryogenesis system has been established in Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don in which primary and secondary embryogenic calluses were developed from hypocotyls and primary cotyledonary somatic
embryos (PCSEs), respectively. Two types of calluses were different in morphology and growth behaviour. Hypocotyl-derived
embryogenic callus (HEC) was friable and fast-growing, while secondary callus derived from PCSE was compact and slow-growing.
HEC differentiated into somatic embryos which proliferated quickly on medium supplemented with NAA (1.0 mg l−1) and BA (1.5 mg l−1). Although differentiation and proliferation of somatic embryos were faster in primary HEC, maturation and germination efficiency
were better in somatic embryos developed from primary cotyledonary somatic embryo-derived secondary embryogenic callus (PCSEC).
At the biochemical level, two somatic embryogenesis systems were different. Both primary and secondary/adventive somatic embryogenesis
and the role of plant growth regulators in two modes of somatic embryo formation have been discussed. 相似文献
5.
Panax japonicus is one of the important medicinal plants. Here, we established the protocol for plant regeneration of P. japonicus via direct somatic embryogenesis. Somatic embryos were directly obtained from the segments of zygotic embryos on MS medium
with 4.4 μM 2,4-D. Thereafter, somatic embryos were produced by repetitive secondary somatic embryogenesis. The secondary
somatic embryo formation was enhanced by plasmolyzing pretreatment (1.0 M mannitol for 10 h). Frequency of secondary somatic
embryo formation from cotyledon segments was lowered by plasmolyzing pretreatment, but the number of somatic embryos per explants
was greatly increased. Plasmolyzing pretreatment resulted in retardation of embryo growth and required subculture to fresh
medium for further growth of embryos into cotyledonary stage. Without plasmolyzing pretreatment, cotyledonary embryos were
obtained after 8 weeks of culture. All the cotyledonary somatic embryos germinated by 5 μM GA3 treatment, but only 15.3% were germinated on hormone-free medium. After 2 months of culture on 1/2 strength WPM medium, plantlets
produced flowers spontaneously. In the anthers of in vitro flowers, microsporogenesis occurred normally with low number of
pollen grains. 相似文献
6.
Effects of non-specific ethylene biosynthesis inhibitors: salicylic acid (SA) and aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), and of specific
inhibitors of ethylene binding to receptors: 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and 2,5-norbornadiene (NBD) applied during proliferation
and differentiation phases of indirect somatic embryogenesis (SE) of Medicago sativa L. cv. Rangelander on embryogenic suspension growth, embryo production, development, and ability to germinate and convert
were studied. Application of SA and AVG alone or together at concentrations from 1 to 500 μM in B5g liquid medium during the proliferation phase had an inhibitory effect on ethylene production and embryogenic suspension
growth. Additionally, it caused a drastic reduction in production of embryos and their development on BOi2Y solid differentiation
medium. The inhibitory effect of SA was more visible than that of AVG. In addition, disturbance of ethylene biosynthesis during
the proliferation phase of SE resulted in diminished lateral germination and conversion of cotyledonary embryos on MS solid
medium. Moreover, blocking of ethylene receptors by 1-MCP during the proliferation phase also inhibited ethylene production
and embryogenic suspension growth and reduced embryo production during differentiation. MCP almost completely inhibited development
of cotyledonary embryos. At the same time, development of more embryos was arrested at the globular stage, and the number
of abnormal embryos almost doubled. Similarly, addition of 1-MCP or NBD to the ambient atmosphere during the differentiation
phase evidently arrested the development of embryos and, consequently, their ability to germinate and convert on MS regeneration
medium. All the results presented above demonstrated that not only ethylene biosynthesis, but also ethylene action is involved
in the control of individual phases of SE in Medicago sativa L. cv. Rangelander. And what is more, disturbance of these processes during distinct phases of SE adversely affects vigor
of the somatic embryos obtained. 相似文献
7.
Elena Corredoira Silvia Valladares Mª Teresa Martínez Ana Mª Vieitez Mª Carmen San José 《Trees - Structure and Function》2013,27(6):1597-1608
Induction of somatic embryos and plant regeneration was demonstrated for the first time in Alnus glutinosa. Somatic embryos were initiated from zygotic embryos collected 1–3 weeks post-anthesis (WPA), i.e., when they were at globular or early cotyledonary stage and were 0.5–1 mm in length. Induction frequency (16.6 %) and the mean number of somatic embryos (4.5 embryos/explant) were highest after culture of zygotic embryos, collected at 3 WPA, on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with 0.9-μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2.22-μM benzyladenine (BA). No embryogenic induction was observed on medium with BA alone. Initial somatic embryos differentiated indirectly from callus tissue formed at the surface of the zygotic embryos. Embryogenic competence was maintained by secondary embryogenesis, which was affected by explant type, plant growth regulators and genotype. Secondary embryogenesis was induced by culture of small groups of whole somatic embryos or isolated cotyledon explants on medium consisting of MS medium (half-strength macronutrients) supplemented with 0.44-μM BA. Histological study of isolated cotyledon explants revealed that secondary embryos developed directly from differentiated embryogenic tissue on the surface of cotyledons. Somatic embryos at successive stages of development, including cotyledonary-stage embryos with shoot and root meristems, were evident. For plantlet conversion, somatic embryos were transferred to maturation medium supplemented with 3 % maltose, followed by 6 weeks of culture in Woody Plant Medium supplemented with 0.44-μM BA and 0.46-μM Zeatin (Z). This novel protocol appears promising for mass propagation, conservation and genetic transformation of black alder. 相似文献
8.
Somatic embryogenesis was obtained from cotyledon and mature zygotic embryo callus cultures of Terminalia chebula Retz. Callus cultures of cotyledon and mature zygotic embryo were initiated on induction medium containing Murashige and Skoog (MS) nutrients with 1.0 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) either 0.01 or 0.1 mg/l Kinetin and 30 g/l sucrose. Induction of somatic embryogenesis, proliferation and development was obtained through different culture passages. Embryogenic cotyledon callus with globular somatic embryos was obtained on MS basal medium supplemented with 50 g/l sucrose. Globular somatic embryos were observed from mature zygotic embryo callus on induction medium. Different stages of somatic embryo development from cotyledon and mature zygotic embryo calluses were observed on MS basal medium supplemented with 50 g/l sucrose after 4 weeks of culture. Histological studies have revealed the developmental stages of somatic embryos. A maximum of 40.3±1.45 cotyledonary somatic embryos/callus was obtained from mature zygotic embryo compared to 7.70±0.37 cotyledonary somatic embryos/callus initiated from cotyledons. Germination of somatic embryos and conversion to plants were achieved. Highest frequency of germination (46.66±0.88) of somatic embryos was obtained on MS basal medium containing benzyladenine (0.5 mg/l) with 30 g/l sucrose. 相似文献
9.
M. Blasco A. Barra C. Brisa E. Corredoira J. Segura M. Toribio I. Arrillaga 《Plant Growth Regulation》2013,71(3):261-270
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) of tree species is the most promising method for the implementation of multivarietal forestry and for biotechnological approaches. To date, however, the application of this technology to mature trees is restricted to a few species. This is the first report on the induction of SE from male catkins of 100-year-old holm oaks (Quercus ilex L.). Embryogenic competence was mainly dependent on genotype and restricted to the most advanced catkin developmental stage with distinguishable closed flowers along the axis. Following a three-stage treatment procedure, embryogenic response (frequencies up 3.3 %) was obtained in three [Remedio, Villar del Arzobispo (VA) and Hunde (HU)] out of the five genotypes evaluated. In the culture conditions tested, the preferred protocol to induce SE in holm oak catkins should include: induction on MS medium with 6-benzyladenine and naphthaleneacetic acid, subculture onto medium with a reduced concentration of both plant growth regulators and a final transference to medium without growth regulators. Under these conditions, cotyledonary-stage somatic embryos developed from brown calli with or without nodular structures. Secondary SE, favored by the addition of sorbitol to the manifestation medium, allowed the establishment of 14 embryogenic lines belonging to VA and HU genotypes. Histological observations of the proliferating cultures revealed the presence of globular, torpedo and cotyledonary somatic embryos. Somatic embryos were diploid as verified by flow cytometry analysis, suggesting that they originated from the perianthic tissue of the male flower. 相似文献
10.
Myung Jin Oh Myung Suk Ahn Eun Yee Jie Jang Ryol Liu Byung Whan Min Suk Weon Kim 《Plant biotechnology reports》2013,7(4):527-534
This study reports high-frequency plant regeneration from immature zygotic embryo cultures of Houttuynia cordata Thunb via somatic embryogenesis. Numerous green globular structures were directly formed on the surfaces of cotyledons and radicles from 2-week-old immature zygotic embryos at a frequency of 42.1 % when cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2 mg l?1 of α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 1 mg l?1 of 6-benzyladenine (BA). In comparison, white globular structures and pale-yellow calluses were formed simultaneously at a frequency of 28.3 % when cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The pale-yellow calluses were transferred to MS liquid medium supplemented with 2,4-D to establish embryogenic cell suspension cultures consisting of round, isodiametric cells that formed cell aggregates. Upon plating of these cell aggregates on half-strength MS medium without growth regulators under light conditions, cell aggregates gave rise to numerous globular embryos at a frequency of 56 %. Of the globular embryos, 15 % were successfully converted into cotyledonary embryos when cultured on half-strength MS medium under light conditions. The plant regeneration system of H. cordata established in this study will be useful for the selection, genetic transformation, and mass proliferation of elite clones with medicinal potential. 相似文献
11.
Zhigang Ju Wei Sun Xiangyu Meng Lingjie Liang Yueqing Li Tongtong Zhou Huan Shen Xiang Gao Li Wang 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2018,132(1):99-110
Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff. (or Kelus) is a medicinal plant native to the Zagros Mountains in Iran. This plant is widely used as a food flavoring and for its health-promoting properties. It has been considered an endangered species by the United Nations Development Programme. In this study, a somatic embryogenesis (SE) method was developed for mass propagation of Kelus. The green globular embryogenic callus was induced on cotyledonary leaves using the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyaceticacid (2,4-D) and 0.25 mg/l Kinetin. Different treatments were assayed for proliferation of the embryogenic callus. The calli remained embryogenic in an MS medium containing 2,4-D (1 mg/l). The light treatments and carbon source showed significant effects (P?≤?0.05) on the proliferation and development of somatic embryos. These treatments improved the conversion rate of the cotyledonary-stage embryos by 100%. The average numbers of embryos in the globular, heart, torpedo, and cotyledonary stages decreased by the addition of 3 g/l case in hydrolisate. The genetic stability among tissue culture-derived plants and the mother plant were assessed using the amplification fragment length polymorphism. No polymorphic band was observed among all the plants, exhibiting the genetic stability during in vitro multiplication. This research provides a promising approach for true-to-type plant multiplication of K. odoratissima through SE. 相似文献
12.
Summary Regeneration of plants via somatic embryogenesis was achieved from zygotic embryo explants isolated from mature seeds of Schisandra chinensis. Merkle and Sommer's medium, fortified with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D; 9.04 μM) and zeatin (0.09 μM), was effective for induction of embryogenic callus. The development of a proembryogenic mass and somatic embryos occurred
on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) free of plant growth regulators. The embryogenic callus induced on Merkle and Sommer's
medium supplemented with 2,4-D (9.04 μM) and zeatin (0.09 μM) showed development of the maximum number of somatic embryos when transferred to MS medium free of plant growth regulators.
The maximum maturation and germination of cotyledonary somatic embryos (46.3%) occurred on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D
(0.45 μM) and N6-benzyladenine (1.11 μM). The somatic embryo-derived plants were successfully hardned, with a survival rate of approximately 67%, and established
in the field. 相似文献
13.
C. Cabasson D. Alvard D. Dambier P. Ollitrault C. Teisson 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1997,50(1):33-37
Liquid medium improves and facilitates somatic embryo development from Citrus deliciosa Ten. suspension cultures. Three different
culture conditions were compared to determine a means of overcoming poor somatic embryo development. Somatic embryos derived
from suspension cultures were plated on solid medium, maintained in suspension culture or temporarily immersed. About 60%
of somatic embryos plated on solid medium developed to the cotyledonary stage, but were hyperhydric. Continuous growth in
suspension culture at 100 rpm hindered cotyledon and protoderm formation, and somatic embryos were unable to develop beyond
the globular stage. Temporary immersion promoted somatic embryo development, i.e. 66% of the somatic embryos produced were
cotyledonary, and were morphologically similar to nucellar embryos. This latter culture system also improved regeneration
synchronization by hampering secondary embryogenesis at the onset of germination. Irrespective of the culture system used,
most cotyledonary somatic embryos studied had no caulinary meristem or starch and protein reserves, thus explaining the low
germination rates obtained.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
Direct somatic embryogenesis of Frittilaria meleagris L. was induced using leaf base explants excised from in vitro grown shoots. Somatic embryos occurred at the basal part of leaf explants 4 weeks after culture on a Murashige and Skoog
(MS) medium supplemented with various concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or kinetin (KIN). The highest
number of somatic embryos (SEs) were formed (9.74) from leaf explant on MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg dm−3 2,4-D after 4 weeks of culture initiation. An initial exposure to a low concentration of KIN in the medium also enhanced
SEs induction. Our observations by light and scanning electron microscopy revealed that SEs originate directly from the epidermal
and subepidermal layers of leaf explant. The developmental stages of somatic embryogenesis from the first unequal cell division
through the meristematic clusters, multi-cellular globular somatic embryos to the fully formed cotyledonary embryos were determined.
After 4 weeks on MS medium without plant growth regulators, SEs developed into bulblets. 相似文献
15.
花楸合子胚诱导体细胞胚胎发生研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
分别以完整成熟胚、切去一个子叶的成熟胚和切下的子叶为外植体,以MS为基本诱导培养基、1/2MS为基本分化培养基,进行了花楸体细胞胚胎发生研究。结果表明:以完整合子胚作为外植体的体胚诱导率最高,为100%,最佳植物生长调节剂组合为5 mg.L-1NAA+2 mg.L-16-BA;NAA和6-BA浓度及二者的交互作用对愈伤组织和体胚诱导率的影响极显著;光照配合延长继代间隔时间有利于体胚发生。实体观察结果表明,花楸体胚发生方式有直接发生和间接发生两种;体胚发育经历了球形期、心形期、鱼雷形期和子叶期。组织学观察结果表明,体胚具有两极性,子叶期体胚结构完整。 相似文献
16.
Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from suspension cultures of Acanthopanax koreanum Nakai
High-frequency somatic embryogenesis was achieved from an embryogenic cell suspension culture of Acanthopanax koreanum Nakai. Stem segments were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing auxins and cytokinins. Opaque and friable
embryogenic callus formed on MS medium with 4.5 μm 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2.0 μm kinetin or zeatin, but was highest on medium containing 4.5 μm 2,4-D alone. Embryogenic calli were transferred to MS liquid medium containing 4.5 μm 2,4-D and maintained by subculture at 2-week intervals. Initiation of somatic embryogenesis and development up to the globular
stage from embryogenic cell clumps occurred in medium containing 0.45 μm 2,4-D, whereas maturation and germination of somatic embryos occurred in MS medium lacking 2,4-D. Cytokinin treatment suppressed
the normal growth of embryos, but stimulated secondary somatic embryogenesis from the surfaces of primary embryos. Plants
from somatic embryos were acclimatized in a greenhouse.
Received: 14 January 1997 / Revision received: 17 June 1997 / Accepted: 5 July 1997 相似文献
17.
Shiveirou Raomai Suman Kumaria Pramod Tandon 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2014,118(3):445-455
A protocol for induction of direct somatic embryogenesis and subsequent plant regeneration for the medicinally important and endangered plant Paris polyphylla Sm. has been developed for the first time. Immature zygotic embryos (IZEs) were cultured on different media namely Gamborg (B5), ½ B5, Murashige and Skoog (MS), ½ MS, Chu et al. (N6), ½ N6, Schenk and Hildebrandt (SH) and ½ SH. Highest frequency of somatic embryogenesis (32.6 %) and mean number of somatic embryos (SEs) per explant (28.7 ± 1.7) were obtained on ½ MS medium directly without an intermediate callus phase. The frequency of SE induction was significantly increased to 40.7 % when ½ MS medium was solidified with gelrite compared to agar (32.6 %). Secondary somatic embryos (SSEs) appeared on the primary SEs in a repetitive way on plant growth regulator-free ½ MS medium but with a gradual decrease in embryogenic potential during subsequent subcultures. Plasmolyzing pre-treatment of SSEs with 1.0 M mannitol for 12 h effectively maintains its embryogenic capacity. Primary embryos at the elongated dimpled and early cotyledonary stage displayed the highest embryo forming capacity of 26.94 and 27.87, respectively. High frequency of SE germination (94.0 %) occurred on ½ MS medium with 0.5 mg/l gibberellic acid. Highest percentage of seedling to plantlet conversion was observed in the medium supplemented with 0.05 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine and 0.1 mg/l α-naphthalene acetic acid. Regenerated plants displayed morphological characteristics similar to that of the wild plants. Flow cytometry analysis showed ploidy stability of the regenerated plants. 相似文献
18.
Immature seeds, as well as hypocotyls and cotyledons excised from seedlings of Myrtus communis L., were cultured on media containing half-strength Murashige and Skoog macronutrients (MS/2) with combinations of auxins
and cytokinins, in order to study their morphogenetic competence. Somatic embryogenesis was obtained from cotyledons, hypocotyls
and 2-month-old immature seeds with 0.1 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The percentage of explants showing this
primary somatic embryogenesis ranged from 4% for hypocotyls to 12% for 2-month-old immature seeds. In the latter, somatic
embryogenesis was also obtained in media containing 2,4-D plus a cytokinin, and with only a cytokinin. Somatic embryos obtained
from hypocotyls, cotyledons or immature seeds were able to develop on MS/2 medium without plant growth regulators. Subculture
of primary somatic embryos obtained from immature seeds on MS/2 medium without plant growth regulators gave rise to clusters
with secondary somatic embryos and embryogenic calli. These clusters were subcultured every 8 weeks, and they were the source
of highly embryogenic cultures. An average of 10% of the secondary somatic embryos developed into plantlets in each subculture.
Therefore, the same culture on MS/2 medium without growth regulators yielded both plantlets and de novo secondary embryos.
Received: 6 April 1998 / Revision received: 10 July 1998 / Accepted: 21 July 1998 相似文献
19.
We describe a protocol for somatic embryogenesis of Protea cynaroides, with potential for high frequency production of this important horticultural species. Somatic embryos formed directly on
both P. cynaroides mature zygotic embryos and excised cotyledons cultured on MS medium without growth regulators. The addition of growth regulators
such as naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) (5; 13 and 27 μM) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (5; 11 and 23 μM), in combination
with thidiazuron (TDZ) (1 μM), benzylaminopurine (BAP) (1 μM) or kinetin (1 μM) suppressed the formation of somatic embryos.
After eight weeks in culture, formation of somatic embryos was observed. Zygotic explants formed the most embryos when cultured
in a 12-h photoperiod in comparison to explants cultured in the dark. Up to 83% of these embryos germinated after transferal
to the germination medium containing 0.3 μM GA3. Significantly fewer embryos germinated in MS medium with no growth regulators, or supplemented with higher concentrations
of GA3, while low germination percentages were also observed in MS media containing casein hydrolysate and coconut water. The germination
of normal somatic embryos (two separate cotyledons and a single radicle) was observed only in media containing either no growth
regulators, 0.3 μM GA3 or 1 μM GA3. All embryos that germinated in high concentrations of GA3 were malformed. 相似文献
20.
Sung R. Min Seung G. Yang Jang R. Liu Pil S. Choi Woong Y. Soh 《Plant cell reports》1992,10(12):621-623
Culture conditions for high frequency somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from cotyledonary explants of Codonopsis lanceolata are described. The maximum induction frequency of somatic embryos from cotyledonary explants was 80% on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 6% sucrose with 1 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 10% coconut water. Upon transfer onto MS basal medium containing 3% sucrose, most somatic embryos developed into plantlets.Abbreviations 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- GA3
gibberellin a3
- MS
Murashige and Skoog 相似文献