宁夏灵武市沟眶象发生特点

系统调查沟眶象Eucryptorrhynchus chinensis(Olivier)在宁夏灵武市的发生情况和特点发现:沟眶象以成虫和幼虫在土壤中越冬,成虫有2个发生高峰期,越冬结束后以成虫越冬的沟眶象出土出现第1个高峰期,以幼虫越冬的沟眶象经化蛹羽化出土出现第2个高峰期;幼虫危害臭椿根部形成的瘤状物可以作为鉴别沟眶象危害的特征;沟眶象幼虫在土壤中垂直分布范围集中在0～45 cm深土层,约占80%;成虫出土孔集中在距臭椿树干基部75 cm范围内,占88%。据此建议土壤施药化学防治沟眶象时,施药深度不宜低于45 cm,施药点距树干基部水平距离不得少于75 cm,且树周各个方向均需施药。每年10月末沟眶象开始"入土"、翌年4月末开始"出土",在沟眶象"入土"结束后但未冻土之前的11中旬和土壤解冻之后但尚未"出土"前的4月中旬,这两个时期土壤施药防治效果较好;防治沟眶象的同时,还应适时采取打孔注药、熏蒸等措施防治臭椿(Ailanthus altissima(Mill.)Swingle)树干内的臭椿沟眶象Eucryptorrhynchus brandti(Harold)。     

膝关节人工单髁置换的近期疗效分析

目的:探讨膝关节人工单髁置换治疗晚期膝关节单间室骨性关节炎的近期疗效。方法:选择2007年3月至2011年9月我院采用膝关节人工单髁置换且随访超过2年的单间室病变的骨性关节炎的患者37例,采用膝关节人工单髁置换治疗,随访时行膝关节X线摄片检查,观察有无松动、下沉及另外一侧间室有无退变或是否加重,末次随访时评估HSS评分,比较与术前的疼痛及功能的差异。结果:37例患者均获得随访,随访时间22~38个月,平均29.8个月,所有患者均无松动、下沉及另外一侧间室退变或退变加重,末次随访时HSS评分(95.5±1.7)分,显著高于术前(68.5±2.1)分,差异有统计学意义(P=0.016)。结论:膝关节人工单髁置换手术治疗晚期膝关节单间室骨性关节炎创伤小,患者并发症少,术后功能恢复良好,近期疗效好。     

心理干预对眶骨骨折患者围手术期的影响

目的:探讨心理干预在眶骨骨折患者围手术期心理应激反应的影响。方法:自2011年8月至2013年02月我院共收治眶骨骨折手术患者60例,随机分为干预组和对照组各30例。干预组分别在术前1日、术后1日进行心理干预,对照组除了不接受心理干预外,其余护理措施同干预组。对两组患者术前焦虑值及生命体征指标(心率)进行测定。应用SPSS12.0软件包进行数据处理。结果:两组患者术前生命体征指标无明显差异,而术前1日和术后1日干预组焦虑值及生命体征指标明显优于对照组。结论:心理干预能改善眶骨骨折患者围手术期的焦虑状态和恐惧情绪,并且能够稳定其生命体征,使患者顺利渡过围手术期,促进术后恢复,在围手术期护理工作中发挥着积极作用。     

经皮椎体后凸成形术联合唑来膦酸治疗绝经期妇女骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折

目的:探讨经皮椎体后凸成形术联合唑来膦酸(密固达)治疗绝经期妇女骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的临床疗效。方法:回顾我科收治的120例绝经期妇女骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折,经X片、CT、MRI证实存在脊柱椎体压缩性骨折,经双能X线吸收测定法推测骨质疏松的程度。其中96例新鲜骨折均行经皮椎体后凸成形术(双侧)手术。术后第三天给予密固达5 mg(100 m L)静滴。对96例患者术前、术后1周、末次随访术前VAS评分、功能障碍指数(ODI)、JOA评分进行比较。结果:94例患者得以随访,随访时间为术后3月~36月,平均24月。16例出现不同程度的骨水泥渗漏,渗漏部位为椎体前缘或椎间隙。术后一周,末次随访的VAS、JOA评分和ODI与术前比较,差异有统计学意义(P值均小于0.00)。末次随访与术后一周比较无统计学意义(P值分别为0.18、0.49、0.50)。结论:PKP联合唑来膦酸治疗绝经期妇女骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折具有安全、有效、持久等优势。     

眶隔脂肪重置合并皮瓣法下睑成形术的临床疗效探讨

目的:讨论眶隔脂肪重置结合皮瓣法下睑成形术改善眶周外形,以获得符合美学标准的手术效果。方法:对178例下睑袋成形术者,采用下睑缘切口,经皮瓣法释放眶隔脂肪,并将其部分固定于下睑缘凹陷处骨膜上,随后切除过多的皮肤。结果:术后恢复快,下睑皮肤平展,外眦部皮肤去除充分,眼台轮廓饱满,曲线自然。术后随访3个月到6个月观察,无睑退缩、下睑外翻,随访效果满意。结论:眶隔脂肪重置合并皮瓣法下睑成形可较好改善眶周外形,术后效果满意,达到下睑年轻化矫治的目的。     

复杂性眼外伤患者玻璃体切割围手术期护理体会

目的:玻璃体切割术是眼科手术中比较复杂精细显手术,主要应用于治疗眼外伤导致的玻璃体出血,玻璃体浑浊,复杂性视网膜脱离以及增殖性玻璃体视网膜病变。本文主要探讨玻璃体切割术治疗复杂性眼外伤患者的围手术期护理的临床效应。方法:总结作者所在科室多年来护理眼外伤患者的临床经验,对2013年3月至2013年7月入院的75例(75只眼)复杂性眼外伤患者进行悉心的术前心理护理,完善的用药指导,充分的术前准备,术后特殊卧位的指导,预防并发症的护理及出院指导。结果:术后视力提高57例(76.0%),视力不变13(17.3%)例,视力下降5例(6.7%),28例眼内异物患者均经手术顺利取出异物。相关手术并发症经医护人员的对症治疗后均得到有效控制。患者术后满意度达98%以上,医生满意度达100%。结论:复杂性眼外伤患者玻璃体切割手术围手术期进行全方位的护理服务,对促进病人康复起到至关重要的作用。     

粘弹剂在不同眼球破裂伤手术中的应用

目的：分析粘弹剂在不同眼球破裂伤手术中的有效作用。方法：回顾并分析27例不同程度眼球破裂伤患者的治疗,其中包括复杂角膜裂口并虹膜脱出修复术、摘出前房异物、瞳孔区非磁性异物、虹膜根部断离,晶体损伤或脱位等。术中应用粘弹剂固定异物、充填前房及玻璃体腔。观察术后6个月的眼球形态、视力等指标。结果：术后观察最少6个月。27例眼球全部保留,24例有视力。3例因继发视网膜脱离复住2次手术失败而失明,后眼球萎缩,植入义眼。11例白内障现代囊外摘除或PHACO术后植入人工晶体,3例晶体脱位者摘除晶体后缝线植入人工晶体。11眼视力在0．5以上。无眼内炎及交感性眼炎发生。单纯前节手术10人中均有术后轻度眼压增高,但很快恢复正常。3例因伴有视网膜脱离患者术后眼压低,术后失明。结论：不同重度眼外伤后眼内容大量丢失。眼球形态政变。应用粘弹刑可为手术提供方便,也能为保全眼球并恢复视能提供机会。在前房异物取出时能有效固定异物,为异物的取出创造是好的基础。     

鼻眶脑毛霉菌病16例临床病理分析

目的探讨鼻眶脑毛霉菌病(ROCM)的临床与病理特征,提高对该病的认识和病理诊断水平。方法回顾分析首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院1998～2008年16例ROCM患者的病历资料。用HE、PAS和GMS染色显示组织病变特点及真菌的形态特征,对1例石蜡组织行透射电镜观察。结果 14例(87.5%)有基础疾病,2例(12.5%)无特殊病史。死亡5例(31.3%),3例死于ROCM,2例死于原发病。CT示鼻腔鼻窦软组织密度影16例,MRI示眶内(15例)和颅内(5例)异常信号影。真菌培养7例阳性(43.8%)。组织病理:16例均见组织凝固性坏死、真菌性血管炎及肉芽肿,骨质破坏9例,外周神经纤维坏死7例。特殊染色菌丝形态均符合毛霉目真菌;透射电镜见菌丝形态不规则,菌壁电子密度高。结论 ROCM主要见于糖尿病和血液系统恶性肿瘤者,亦见于无基础疾病者。常见致病菌为根霉和毛霉。在病变组织中找到符合毛霉目真菌形态特点的菌丝可确诊。对临床症状、影像学、真菌培养及病理学表现等多方面进行综合分析可明确诊断。     

全膝关节置换术治疗晚期类风湿性关节炎的早期临床随访研究

目的:探讨全膝关节置换术(TKA)治疗晚期类风湿性膝关节炎(RA)的早期临床疗效和安全性。方法:回顾性分析2006年~2011年接受TKA治疗的69例(102膝)晚期膝关节RA患者的临床资料,术后及随访时分析患者的影像学资料,末次随访时进行膝关节HSS评分,采用英国矫形外科协会标准评定患者满意度,SF-36健康量表评定患者的生活质量。结果:54例(81膝)患者术后获得2~7年(平均4.3年)随访;6例(7膝)死亡,6例(10膝)失访,3例(4膝)翻修,获得随访患者中1例(1膝)发生下肢深静脉血栓,经介入放置滤网治疗康复后出院,1例(1膝)感染。末次随访时,膝关节活动度(ROM)从术前平均(71.03°±29.51°)提高至(92.26°±10.29°),膝关节HSS评分从术前平均(47.30±10.06)分提高至(75.93±9.17)分;疼痛发生率和疼痛评分均较术前显著降低;冠状面和矢状面畸形率均较术前显著降低;身体健康(PCS)平均(47.98±6.96)分,心理健康(MCS)平均(41.45±5.67)分,均较术前显著增加,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。患者的治疗满意率为96.30%,膝关节假体X线片采用膝关节学会的X线评价与计分系统评价未见假体松动。结论:TKA治疗晚期膝关节RA患者2~7年的临床及影像学效果良好,未发现骨溶解、假体松动及严重衬垫磨损等并发症。     

玻璃体视网膜手术治疗先天性视网膜劈裂及其并发症的临床疗效

目的:评价玻璃体视网膜手术治疗先天性视网膜劈裂及其并发症的临床疗效。方法:选择2009年1月-2012年1月于我院进行玻璃体视网膜手术的先天性视网膜劈裂患者30例(42只眼),患者均接受了闭合式睫状体经扁平部三切口入路保留晶状体的玻璃体切割手术,并分析其术前及术后情况。结果:先天性视网膜劈裂患者中发生孔源性视网膜脱离19眼,牵拉性视网膜脱离8眼,玻璃体积血10眼,同时伴有视网膜脱离和玻璃体积血有5眼;在末次随访时视力提高者有36只眼,占85.71%,无提高者有6只眼,占14.29%;术前平均视力为(0.15±0.09),末次随访时平均视力提高至(0.31±0.16),两者平均视力差异具有统计学意义(t=5.649,P0.001);42只眼视网膜解剖结构复位良好,视网膜平伏;OCT检查结果显示,末次随访时黄斑劈裂平均面积(0.22±0.18)mm2,与术前黄斑劈裂平均面积(1.07±0.52)mm2比较,差异有统计学意义(t=10.011,P0.001),黄斑微囊样改变有改善;随访期间5只眼出现并发症,占11.90%,其中2眼术后发生PVR且伴牵拉性视网膜脱离,2只眼发生白内障,1只眼出现玻璃体积血,术后视网膜解剖均复位良好。结论:玻璃体视网膜手术可以帮助患者进行视网膜解剖复位及提高其先天性视网膜劈裂患者视功能,具有良好的临床疗效。     

Atypical epithelial cells, cannot exclude papillary carcinoma, in fine needle aspiration of the thyroid

OBJECTIVE: Atypical epithelial cells, cannot exclude papillary thyroid carcinoma (AEC-PTC), in fine needle aspiration (FNA) of the thyroid is a controversial diagnostic category that might cause a dilemma in patient management. STUDY DESIGN: Eighty-eight thyroid FNA specimens from 86 patients with a diagnosis of AEC-PTC were retrieved from our files in a 10-year period from December 1996 to December 2006. Of the 86 patients, 57 had follow-up histologic diagnoses and were included in this study. The cytologic and histologic materials were reviewed and correlated. RESULTS: Of the 57 patients, all had cytologic atypical features suggestive of PTC. Twenty-five cases of PTC were identified at surgery (44%). Review of the cytologic materials identified the following cytologic features, either alone or in combination strongly associated with PTC at resection: rare intranuclear cytoplasmic invagination (INCI), squamoid cytoplasm and psammoma bodies. CONCLUSION: The most common reasons for rendering the diagnosis of AEC-PTC in FNA of thyroid include rare atypical cells in a cystic thyroid nodule or a background of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The cytologic features of LNCI, squamoid cytoplasm and psammoma bodies should alert the pathologist. Focal cytologic features of PTC in FNA samples are strongly associated with papillary carcinoma on resection.     

CT联合肿瘤标志物与MRI联合肿瘤标志物对于直肠癌患者术前诊断 的准确率与特异性的研究

目的:探讨CT联合肿瘤标志物与MRI联合肿瘤标志物对于直肠癌患者术前诊断的准确率与特异性,为大肠癌的术前诊断提供一定的理论依据。方法:选取我院在2015年01月至2016年01月间收治的86例直肠癌患者以及64例肠道良性病变患者分别作为观察组I组和观察II组的研究对象,另外选取来我院进行健康体检的80例人员作为对照组研究,分别分析CT联合肿瘤标志物与MRI联合肿瘤标志物(CEA、CA125、CA199、CA242、CA724)对大肠癌患者诊断的准确率与特异性之间的差别。结果:观察I组肿瘤标志物水平要明显高于观察II组和对照组,差异显著,具有统计学意义;肿瘤标志物CEA、CA125、CA199、CA242、CA724对大肠癌患者检测的阳性率分别为67.44%(58/86)、26.74%(23/86)、84.88%(73/86)、72.09%(62/86)、33.72%(29/86),肿瘤标志物并联检测对大肠癌的阳性检测率为94.19%(81/86)。CT联合肿瘤标志物对大肠癌的准确率为97.67%(84/86),特异性为94.44%(136/144);MRI联合肿瘤标志物对大肠癌的阳性检测率为100.00%(86/86),特异性为98.61%(142/144)。结论:CT联合肿瘤标志物对大肠癌诊断的准确率与特异性均不如MRI联合肿瘤标志物,因此MRI联合肿瘤标志物可作为大肠癌除病理学鉴定外最佳的诊断方式。     

The value of tear film breakup and Schirmer's tests in preoperative blepharoplasty evaluation

The results of tear film breakup (BUT) and Schirmer's I and II tests were retrospectively analyzed on 146 patients undergoing elective blepharoplasty over a 41-month period. These tests were evaluated in conjunction with ocular history, orbital and periorbital anatomy, and Bell's phenomenon in order to determine their value, if any, in identifying patients at risk of developing a post-blepharoplasty dry eye complication. One-hundred and six patients (73 percent) had test results that were within normal limits, and two of these patients (1.9 percent) complained postoperatively of a transient gritty or burning sensation. Forty patients (27 percent) had abnormal results to one, two, or all three tests, and two of these patients (5 percent) also complained postoperatively of a transient gritty or burning sensation. These four symptomatic patients all had preoperative dry eye histories and abnormal orbital and periorbital anatomy. When analyzed alone, an abnormal tear film breakup (BUT) or Schirmer's test was not a good predictor of possible postblepharoplasty dry eye complications. An abnormal preoperative ocular history or abnormal orbital and periorbital anatomy proved to be the best predictor for the possible development of a postblepharoplasty dry eye complication.     

纤维桩树脂核用于老年残根残冠修复的效果及对生活质量的影响

目的:探讨老年残根残冠应用纤维桩树脂核修复的临床效果及对病人生活质量的影响。方法:抽选我院行纤维桩树脂核修复的79例(86颗)老年残根残冠患者,对其进行3年随访,观察总体及不同牙位修复成功率和修复前、后生活质量的变化。结果:修复后进行3年随访,86颗残根残冠修复总成功率为95.3%,不同牙位修复成功率无显著差异(P0.05),均在94%以上,86颗牙失败4颗(其中2颗并发牙周炎、2颗牙纤维桩脱落,均未出现牙桩折断);修复后患者生活质量总分及各维度评分均明显优于修复前(P0.05)。结论:纤维桩树脂核是一种极为理想的残冠残根修复材料,能显著提高老年患者术后的生活质量,值得临床推广。     

Oesophageal foreign bodies.

Impaction of foreign bodies in the oesophagus was analysed in 54 patients, 45 of whom were children. Of the 45 children 28 were aged 2-4 years. Coins were the most common foreign body in children (27 cases) while in adults a bolus of meat was most common (nine cases). In 41 children there was no predisposing factor, but an underlying mechanism was detected in 88% of the adults. The mechanisms were of three types: oesophageal (stricture), neuromuscular (myasthenia gravis), and extrinsic and mechanical (ankylosing spondylitis). In children most of the foreign bodies were impacted in the upper oesophagus at the cricopharyngeal junction, which is the narrowest part of the oesophagus, while in adults the foreign body was usually impacted at the site of the predisposing lesion or in the lower oesophagus. In all patients oesophagoscopy was performed under general anaesthesia to remove the impacted foreign body. Complications were more frequent in adults, mainly owing to the underlying condition.     

冠心病介入术前患者睡眠质量及相关因素研究

目的:探讨冠心病介入治疗患者术前睡眠质量及其影响因素。方法:采用一般状况调查表、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)量表、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)对2013年7月至2014年1月在某院心内科接受介入治疗的392例冠心病患者进行问卷调查。结果:发放问卷410份,回收有效问卷392份,有效率为95.6%。392例患者中287例存在睡眠质量问题,总发生率为73.2%,PSQI总分为9.88±3.63。相关因素分析显示年龄、性别、婚姻状况、焦虑、抑郁和社会支持6项是冠心病介入治疗术前患者睡眠质量的预测因素。结论:冠心病介入治疗患者术前睡眠质量较差,并受多种因素影响。     

玻璃体切割术治疗复杂眼外伤的疗效及预后影响因素分析

目的:探讨玻璃体切割术治疗复杂眼外伤的临床疗效、安全性及其预后影响因素。方法:选取我院收治的80例眼外伤患者,均行玻璃体切割术治疗,观察并记录患者的术前、术后6个月的最佳矫正视力(BCVA),术前、术后3个月、6个月的汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评分,分析影响患者预后的危险因素及随访6个月期间并发症的发生情况。结果:患者术后BCVA比例较术前显著提高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。术前视力、眼内异物、受伤类型、手术时机均是影响患者预后的危险因素。患者术后3个月、6个月的HAMA评分明显低于术前(P0.05)。随访6个月期间,共有71例患者眼内炎症反应,17例术后继发青光眼,6例角膜水肿。结论:玻璃体切割术治疗复杂眼外伤能明显改善患者视力,缓解患者焦虑情绪,患者术前视力情况及手术时机的选择是患者预后重要的影响因素。     

E-PASS评分系统用于评估老龄患者消化道手术后并发症和转归的临床价值研究

目的:评价日常活动和手术应激评估(Estimation of physiologic ability and surgical stress,E-PASS)系统用于评估老龄患者消化道手术后并发症和转归的临床价值。方法:回顾性分析2011年7月至2013年7月西京医院消化外科所有65岁以上的患者的临床资料,计算其中行消化道手术者的E-PASS评分,并记录这些患者术后并发症的发生情况和患者术后的住院时间。分析E-PASS评分和几项该评分未涉及的因素与老龄患者消化道手术后并发症的发病率、死亡率、住院时间的相关性。结果:研究共纳入1236例老龄行消化道手术的患者,其中521例发生术后并发症(42.15%),8例死亡(0.65%)。患者术前E-PASS评分系统中,三项评分均与术后住院时间相关,术前风险评分(Preoperative risk score,PRS)和综合风险评分(Comprehensive risk score,CRS)与术后并发症的发病率和死亡率显著相关(P均0.05)。E-PASS评分系统未包含的指标中,麻醉方法与术后并发症发生和住院时间无关,术后入ICU、术中使用血管活性药物和急诊手术与术后发病率、死亡率和住院时间相关(P均0.05)。结论:E-PASS评分系统可用于预测老龄患者行消化道手术后并发症的发生情况和转归,纳入术后入ICU、术中使用血管活性药物和急诊手术三项指标可能进一步提高E-PASS评分系统的预测准确性。     

The role of computed tomography in the diagnosis of brain involvement in patients with posttraumatic epilepsy]

Fifteen patients with posttraumatic epilepsy (10 men and 5 women aged 15 to 47) were examined in 1990-1991. All the patients had a history of craniocerebral injury (closed in 7 and open in 8 cases), 6 of them were operated on for intracranial hematomas. Besides CAT, electroencephalography, craniography, and examination of the fundus oculi were carried out. CAT was performed with a Ct MAX (General Electric) unit. Standard positioning of the patients with sectional projections parallel to the orbital meatal line was used. Changes in the brain matter were detected in 13 of these 15 patients: foreign bodies (2 cases), meningeal cerebral cicatrices (5), dilatation of the ventricular system (4), petrificates in the brain matter (1), atrophic changes of the cerebral cortex (1). The tomograms of two patients were normal. Ten patients were operated on: 2 were subjected to anterior callosotomy, in 2 foreign bodies were removed, and in 6 patients staged plasty with removal of the meningeal cerebral cicatrix was carried out. The detected CAT changes helped diagnose the topical location of the epileptogenic focus and choose the optimal method of surgery for posttraumatic epilepsy.