中药单提成分在青光眼术后抗瘢痕化中的应用

青光眼滤过手术术后滤过道瘢痕化是导致青光眼手术失败的主要原因,临床应用的青光眼滤过手术抗滤过道瘢痕化药物有较大副作用。近年来,国内外学者对抗瘢痕形成的药物,尤其是中药单提取成分进行了大量的研究,并取得了一定的研究进展。现将青光眼滤过手术抗滤过道瘢痕化中药成分的研究及潜在应用价值进行综述及展望。     

非穿透性小梁切除术联合羊膜移植术治疗青光眼病人的护理

非穿透性小梁切除术(NPTS)是一种新型的滤过性手术,目的是建立新的房水引流途径,降低眼压,达到减轻和消除高眼压对视力功能的损害。手术后房水由新的滤过途径排出眼外,但由于术后因血一房水屏障的破坏及炎症反应导致结膜下组织纤维化和滤过泡疤痕形成,常使手术失败。我院眼科根据羊膜的生物学特征,近年来,采用联合羊膜移植术治疗青光眼,疗效满意。现将治疗及护理报告如下。     

甲基丙烯酸甲酯支架在治疗新生血管性青光眼的临床观察

目的探讨应用甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）巩膜瓣支架在新生血管性青光眼手术中的疗效。方法选择29例新生血管性青光眼作巩膜瓣下支架植入术.术后随访6～24个月,检查眼压、视力、滤过泡及术后并发症等。结果术后6个月均见功能性滤过泡,眼压控制良好。结论应用PMMA巩膜瓣支架在新生血管性青光眼的手术治疗中安全、有效,降眼压效果显著而持久。     

Ahmed青光眼阀植入术治疗眼外伤继发性青光眼临床疗效

目的:探讨Ahmed青光眼阀植入术治疗眼外伤继发性青光眼患者的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析2013年3月至2018年3月我院接诊的103例眼外伤继发性青光眼患者临床资料,根据手术方法不同分为观察组53例和对照组50例。观察组给予Ahmed青光眼阀植入术治疗,对照组给予小梁切除术治疗。比较两组手术疗效、治疗前后眼压、视力的变化、滤过泡、并发症的发生情况。结果:经随访显示,观察组手术完全成功率为52.83%,明显高于对照组(32.00%,P0.05);两组术后眼压较术前均降低,视力均较术前升高,组间、不同时间点比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组功能性滤过泡率为71.70%,明显高于对照组(50.00%,P0.05);两组术后浅前房、前房出血、虹膜阻塞总发生率分别为7.55%和18.00%,组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:Ahmed青光眼阀植入术治疗眼外伤继发性青光眼的疗效显著,有助于控制眼压,改善视力。     

生物缓释膜的研制及在青光眼治疗中的应用研究

目的:研制手术治疗青光眼用的生物缓释膜。方法:以曲安奈德(TA)作为模型药物,壳聚糖与明胶作为载体,溶剂挥发法成膜;用红外光谱,X-射线衍射、扫描电镜分析其结构与组成。植入兔眼巩膜辩下,观察其治疗效果。结果:生物缓释膜中TA与载体材料相容性好,药物以微晶形态存在膜中,活性完好。植入实验结果显示,缓释膜与眼组织生物相容性好,膜中持续缓慢释放的药物能有效抑制纤维增生和滤过泡瘢痕化。术后8周,结膜及巩膜瓣下房水减压房完好,能有效维持滤过,且降眼压效果明显。结论:青光眼手术中采用生物缓释膜给药,疗效优于传统给药方式,是一种安全有效的治疗青光眼的新方法。     

分析青光眼浅前房形成及术后处理方法

目的分析青光眼术后浅前房的形成原因及处理措施。方法对67例青光眼小梁切除术患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果67例患者中,22例(32.84%)发生术后浅前房,原因包括滤过过强7例,脉络膜脱离5例,结膜瓣渗漏4例,睫状环阻滞性6例。术后经药物保守治疗20例,经手术治疗2例,对症处理后患者前房与视力均有良好恢复。结论及时、正确辨别青光眼术后浅前房形成原因,给予合理的处理措施,对促进患者良好预后有积极意义。     

角型青光眼急性期行小梁切除并丝裂霉素联合羊膜移植术的疗效观察

目的探讨闭角型青光眼急性期滤过手术中应用生物羊膜的临床疗效。方法对我院收治的急性期闭角型青光眼患者25例施行小梁切除并丝裂霉素联合羊膜移植术,术后对手术疗效进行评估。结果 25例患者中,1例患者术后视力下降,其余24例患者视力无变化或提高。术后1、3、7天及术后1个月的视力变化,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术后3天~1周的视力保持稳定,患者术前、术后各时间点眼压差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。术后1、3、7天以及术后1、3、6、12个月眼压控制较稳定,前房形成良好,无并发症发生。结论急性闭角型青光眼患者的眼压持续升高,实施小梁切除并丝裂霉素联合羊膜移植术安全有效。     

24 例眼外伤继发性青光眼的临床分析

目的:分析眼外伤继发青光眼的临床特点、病因及治疗方法,为临床治疗提供参考。方法:回顾性分析24例(24只眼)眼外伤继发青光眼患者的临床资料,分析诱发青光眼的原因、临床分型,根据具体情况选择治疗方法。结果:眼外伤诱发青光眼的原因为眼内积血11例,晶状体损伤7例,前房角挫伤4例,外伤性虹睫炎2例;单纯药物治疗4例,前房穿刺或冲洗4例,小梁切除联合丝裂霉素术10例,玻璃体切除术2例,滤过手术1例,激光周边虹膜切除术5例。治疗后随访6~12个月,眼压恢复正常率87.50%;视力下降或丧失8.33%;术中1例眼出血,1例术后晶体状浑浊加重,1例视网膜脱离。结论:眼外伤继发青光眼的临床表现复杂,治疗难度大,临床应根据患者的具体情况选择治疗措施。     

不同手术方式治疗青光眼的临床疗效比较

目的探讨单纯小梁切除术与复合式小梁切除术治疗青光眼的临床疗效。方法将2015年6月~2016年5月我院收治行手术治疗的74例青光眼患者作为研究对象,按手术方案不同分为两组,A组行单纯小梁切除术,B组行复合式小梁切除术,评价比较两组临床治疗效果。结果 B组浅前房发生率为5.40%明显低于A组的24.32%,功能性滤过泡率为91.89%明显高于A组的72.97%,眼压完全控制率为89.19%明显高于A组的64.86%,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论复合式小梁切除术治疗青光眼的临床疗效较单纯小梁切除术更为显著。     

青白联合手术方式在持续高眼压状态青光眼手术中的有效性和安全性

目的探讨青白联合手术方式在持续高眼压状态青光眼手术中的有效性和安全性。方法选取2014年7月~2017年7月我院诊治的青光眼患者180例,按手术方式的不同分为研究组和对照组,每组90例。研究组90例患者实施青白联合手术治疗,对照组90例患者行单纯白内障手术,观察比较两组患者治疗前后的眼压、视力、中央前房深度、术后房角开放度以及并发症发生情况。结果研究组患者术后7天的眼压、视力均优于对照组(P0.05),而术后30天比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);研究组患者的并发症发生率为2.22%,低于对照组的10.0%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论青白联合手术治疗持续高眼压状态青光眼的安全性高,能够减少术后并发症发生率,有效改善患者的眼压和视力情况,值得推广使用。     

Inhibition of placental growth factor improves surgical outcome of glaucoma surgery

Excessive post‐operative wound healing with subsequent scarring frequently leads to surgical failure of glaucoma filtration surgery (trabeculectomy). We investigated the hypothesis that placental growth factor (PlGF) plays a role in post‐operative scar formation, and that it therefore may be a target for improvement of filtration surgery outcome. ELISA experiments showed that PlGF levels were significantly increased in aqueous humour of glaucoma patients and after VEGF treatment, which may indicate an important contribution of this growth factor to wound healing after trabeculectomy. Using a mouse model of glaucoma filtration surgery, we were able to show that intracameral injection of a previously characterized anti‐PlGF antibody (ThromboGenics NV) significantly improved surgical outcome by increasing bleb survival and bleb area. This was associated with a significant reduction in post‐operative proliferation, inflammation and angiogenesis during the first post‐operative days after surgery, and with a decrease in collagen deposition at later stages. Furthermore, inhibition of PlGF seemed to be more effective than anti‐VEGF‐R2 treatment in improving surgical outcome, possibly via its additional effect on inflammation. These results render PlGF an appealing target for ocular wound healing and point to potential therapeutic benefits of PlGF inhibition for the prevention of surgical failure.     

Involvement of METTL3/m6Adenosine and TGFβ/Smad3 signaling on Tenon’s fibroblasts and in a rabbit model of glaucoma surgery

Journal of Molecular Histology - Glaucoma filtration surgery (GFS) is a classic operation for the treatment of glaucoma, which is the second leading cause of blindness, and scar formation caused by...     

Validation of the glaucoma filtration surgical mouse model for antifibrotic drug evaluation

Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy, which, if left untreated, leads to blindness. The most common and most modifiable risk factor in glaucoma is elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), which can be managed surgically by filtration surgery. The postoperative subconjunctival scarring response, however, remains the major obstacle to achieving long-term surgical success. Antiproliferatives such as mitomycin C are commonly used to prevent postoperative scarring. Efficacy of these agents has been tested extensively on monkey and rabbit models of glaucoma filtration surgery. As these models have inherent limitations, we have developed a model of glaucoma filtration surgery in the mouse. We show, for the first time, that the mouse model typically scarred within 14 d, but when augmented with mitomycin C, more animals maintained lower intraocular pressures for a longer period of time concomitant with prolonged bleb survival to beyond 28 d. The morphology of the blebs following mitomycin C treatment also resembled well-documented clinical observations, thus confirming the validity and clinical relevance of this model. We demonstrate that the antiscarring response to mitomycin C is likely to be due to its effects on conjunctival fibroblast proliferation, apoptosis and collagen deposition and the suppression of inflammation. Indeed, we verified some of these properties on mouse conjunctival fibroblasts cultured in vitro. These data support the suitability of this mouse model for studying the wound healing response in glaucoma filtration surgery, and as a potentially useful tool for the in vivo evaluation of antifibrotic therapeutics in the eye.     

Structural and functional neuroprotection in glaucoma: role of galantamine-mediated activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors

Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Loss of vision due to glaucoma is caused by the selective death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Treatments for glaucoma, limited to drugs or surgery to lower intraocular pressure (IOP), are insufficient. Therefore, a pressing medical need exists for more effective therapies to prevent vision loss in glaucoma patients. In this in vivo study, we demonstrate that systemic administration of galantamine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, promotes protection of RGC soma and axons in a rat glaucoma model. Functional deficits caused by high IOP, assessed by recording visual evoked potentials from the superior colliculus, were improved by galantamine. These effects were not related to a reduction in IOP because galantamine did not change the pressure in glaucomatous eyes and it promoted neuronal survival after optic nerve axotomy, a pressure-independent model of RGC death. Importantly, we demonstrate that galantamine-induced ganglion cell survival occurred by activation of types M1 and M4 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, while nicotinic receptors were not involved. These data provide the first evidence of the clinical potential of galantamine as neuroprotectant for glaucoma and other optic neuropathies, and identify muscarinic receptors as potential therapeutic targets for preventing vision loss in these blinding diseases.     

马来酸噻吗洛尔联合拉坦前列腺素治疗高眼压型开角型青光眼的效果

目的:探讨马来酸噻吗洛尔联合拉坦前列腺素治疗高眼压型开角型青光眼的临床效果。方法:选取高眼压型开角型青光眼患者210例,随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各105例。对照组患者给予马来酸噻吗洛尔治疗,治疗组患者给予马来酸噻吗洛尔联合拉坦前列腺素治疗。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后视力改善情况,眼压、视乳头杯盘比值变化情况,眼结膜充血、眼内干涩、角膜点状浸润以及一过性视觉模糊等不良反应的发生情况等。结果:治疗组患者视力改善率为85.7%,对照组为71.4%,治疗组高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后两组患者眼压、视乳头杯盘比值均明显下降,且治疗组明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗组患者眼结膜充血、眼内干涩、角膜点状浸润以及一过性视觉模糊等不良反应明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:马来酸噻吗洛尔联合拉坦前列腺素治疗高眼压型开角型青光眼能够改善患者视力水平,值得临床推广应用。此外,我们分析其作用可能与降低视乳头杯盘比值有关。     

腹腔镜胃癌根治术的研究进展

胃癌是全球发病率较高的恶性肿瘤之一,且发病率呈逐年上升的趋势。传统的治疗方法是开腹胃癌根治术,但该方法对患者机体造成的创伤较大,不利于患者术后恢复,在一定程度上影响了手术治疗的效果。随着医学技术的发展及"微创外科"理念的不断深入,腹腔镜手术以其创伤小、术中出血量少以及术后恢复快等特点被广泛应用于外科手术治疗中。近年来,3D腹腔镜技术的出现使手术视野更加清晰,术中操作更加简便,在一定程度上提高了手术的安全性,但临床对于进展期胃癌根治术的远期疗效一直存在争议。因此,本文对腹腔镜在胃癌根治术中的作用及意义作以综述,为胃癌的微创治疗提供理论参考。     

Pigmentary glaucoma

Pigmentary glaucoma is one of the more common forms of secondary open angle glaucoma. It typically affects younger individuals, being more common among myopes, Caucasian men and persons with a family history of glaucoma. It is characterized by pigment dispersion throughout the anterior segment. The biomicroscopic signs of this condition include iris transillumination defects, Krukenberg spindles, and a dense uniform trabecular meshwork pigment band, oftentimes with a discernable pigmented Schwalbe's line (Sampoalesi line). In addition, pigment deposition may be observed on the anterior iris surface, zonules and the crystalline lens. The development of pigmentary glaucoma moves through a continuum of stages. It is advocated that posterior bowing of the iris (reverse pupillary block) results in iridozonular contact, causing release of iris pigment, i.e. pigmentary dispersion syndrome. Pigment accumulation within the trabecular meshwork leads to endothelial cell damage and loss, resulting in trabecular collapse. The trabecular meshwork support beams collapse and fuse, leading to decreased outflow facility, elevated IOP and glaucoma. Present day management includes antiglaucoma medications, trabeculoplasty, laser iridotomy for those patients with concave iris contour and filtering surgery.