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厌氧氨氧化工艺的应用现状和问题 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
厌氧氨氧化(Anaerobic ammonium oxidation,ANAMMOX)工艺因其高效低耗的优势,在废水生物脱氮领域具有广阔的应用前景。在过去的20年中,许多基于ANAMMOX反应的工艺得以不断研究和应用。预计到2014年末,全球范围内的ANAMMOX工程将会超过100座。综述了各种形式的ANAMMOX工艺,包括短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化、全程自养脱氮、限氧自养硝化反硝化、反硝化氨氧化、好氧反氨化、同步短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化-反硝化耦合、单级厌氧氨氧化短程硝化脱氮工艺。对一体式和分体式工艺运行条件进行了比较,结合ANAMMOX工艺工程(主要包括移动床生物膜,颗粒污泥和序批式反应器系统)应用现状,总结了工程化应用过程中遇到的问题及其解决对策,在此基础上对今后的研究和应用方向进行了展望。今后的研究重点应集中于运行条件的优化和水质障碍因子的解决,尤其是工艺自动化控制系统的开发和特殊废水对工艺性能影响的研究。 相似文献
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为拓展新型生物脱氮技术的应用领域,研究了生产性短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化装置处理制药废水的启动性能。制药废水氨氮浓度为(430.40±55.43)mg/L时,氨氮去除率达(81.75±9.10)%,实现了短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化工艺对制药废水的生物脱氮。制药废水短程硝化系统的启动时间约为74 d,亚硝氮积累率达(52.11±9.13)%,证明了结合模拟废水和实际废水的"两步法"模式对短程硝化系统启动的适用性。制药废水厌氧氨氧化系统的启动时间约为145 d,最大容积氮去除速率达6.35 kg N/(m3·d),容积效能为传统硝化-反硝化工艺的数十倍,证明了结合菌种自繁和菌种流加的模式对厌氧氨氧化系统启动的适用性。 相似文献
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废水自养生物脱氮技术研究进展 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
基于短程硝化和厌氧氨氧化的自养脱氮工艺是生物脱氮领域研究的热点,它的发现为低碳氮比废水的处理提供了新的思路。近些年来,人们陆续开发了SHARON、ANAMMOX、CANON、OLAND等自养生物脱氮工艺,进一步推动了高效、低耗脱氮技术的开发和研究。本文从工艺原理、特点等方面,对自养生物脱氮工艺的国内外研究状况进行了总结和对比,并提出了存在的问题及发展方向。 相似文献
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短程硝化(partial nitrification, PN)是一种绿色低碳的生物脱氮创新技术,伴随厌氧氨氧化(anaerobic ammonia oxidation, Anammox)污水脱氮技术的进一步推广,短程硝化作为提供其电子受体的重要环节,已成为了污水脱氮领域的研究热点。氨氧化菌(ammonia-oxidizing bacteria,AOB)和亚硝酸盐氧化菌(nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, NOB)是该技术的核心竞争微生物,掌握这两类微生物的生态学特征,借助生态学理论和手段调控AOB淘汰NOB,提高种群的可预测性,对于实现稳定高效的短程硝化具有重要意义。本文基于生态学角度介绍了AOB和NOB基础分类、生理性能及生态位分离,重点综述了短程硝化系统中AOB和NOB的生长动力学、群落构建、环境因素和相互作用,最后对这两类微生物的未来研究重点和研究方法进行了展望,为短程硝化工艺的快速启动和稳定运行提供理论指导。 相似文献
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限氧自养硝化-反硝化生物脱氮新技术 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
限氧自养硝化—反硝化是部分硝化与厌氧氨氧化相耦联的生物脱氮反应过程,通过严格控制溶解氧在0.1~0.3mg·L^-1,实现硝化反应控制在亚硝酸阶段,然后以硝化阶段剩余的NH4^+作为电子供体,在厌氧条件下实现反硝化,该反应过程是完全的自养硝化—反硝化过程,具有能耗低、脱氮效率高、反应系统占地面积小等优点,适用于处理COD/NH4^+—N低的废水,是一种非常有应用前景的生物脱氮技术,文中详细介绍了限氧自养硝化—反硝化生物脱氮反应过程的研究进展,讨论了其微生物学机理及应用前景。 相似文献
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Due to serious eutrophication in water bodies, nitrogen removal has become a critical stage for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) over past decades. Conventional biological nitrogen removal processes are based on nitrification and denitrification (N/DN), and are suffering from several major drawbacks, including substantial aeration consumption, high fugitive greenhouse gas emissions, a requirement for external carbon sources, excessive sludge production and low energy recovery efficiency, and thus unable to satisfy the escalating public needs. Recently, the discovery of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria has promoted an update of conventional N/DN-based processes to autotrophic nitrogen removal. However, the application of anammox to treat domestic wastewater has been hindered mainly by unsatisfactory effluent quality with nitrogen removal efficiency below 80%. The discovery of nitrate/nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (n-DAMO) during the last decade has provided new opportunities to remove this barrier and to achieve a robust system with high-level nitrogen removal from municipal wastewater, by utilizing methane as an alternative carbon source. In the present review, opportunities and challenges for nitrate/nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation are discussed. Particularly, the prospective technologies driven by the cooperation of anammox and n-DAMO microorganisms are put forward based on previous experimental and modeling studies. Finally, a novel WWTP system acting as an energy exporter is delineated. 相似文献
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Novel microbial nitrogen removal processes 总被引:47,自引:0,他引:47
The present-day wastewater treatment practices can be significantly improved through the introduction of new microbial treatment technologies. Recently, several new processes for nitrogen removal have been developed. These new nitrogen removal technologies provide practicable options for treating nitrogen-laden wastewaters. The new processes are based on partial nitrification of ammonium to nitrite combined with anaerobic ammonium oxidation. These processes include the single reactor system for high ammonia removal over nitrite (SHARON) process, which involves part conversion of ammonium to nitrite; the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) process, which involves anaerobic ammonium oxidation; and the completely autographic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process, which involves nitrogen removal within one reactor under oxygen-limited conditions. These new processes target the removal of nitrogen from wastewaters containing significant quantities of ammonium. 相似文献
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Okkyoung Choi Atreyee Das Chang‐Ping Yu Zhiqiang Hu 《Biotechnology and bioengineering》2010,107(6):1004-1011
Nitrifying bacteria, cyanobacteria, and algae are important microorganisms in open pond wastewater treatment systems. Nitrification involving the sequential oxidation of ammonia to nitrite and nitrate, mainly due to autotrophic nitrifying bacteria, is essential to biological nitrogen removal in wastewater and global nitrogen cycling. A continuous flow autotrophic bioreactor was initially designed for nitrifying bacterial growth only. In the presence of cyanobacteria and algae, we monitored both the microbial activity by measuring specific oxygen production rate (SOPR) for microalgae and cyanobacteria and specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) for nitrifying bacteria. The growth of cyanobacteria and algae inhibited the maximum nitrification rate by a factor of 4 although the ammonium nitrogen fed to the reactor was almost completely removed. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T‐RFLP) analysis indicated that the community structures of nitrifying bacteria remained unchanged, containing the dominant Nitrosospira, Nitrospira, and Nitrobacter species. PCR amplification coupled with cloning and sequencing analysis resulted in identifying Chlorella emersonii and an uncultured cyanobacterium as the dominant species in the autotrophic bioreactor. Notwithstanding their fast growth rate and their toxicity to nitrifiers, microalgae and cyanobacteria were more easily lost in effluent than nitrifying bacteria because of their poor settling characteristics. The microorganisms were able to grow together in the bioreactor with constant individual biomass fractions because of the uncoupled solids retention times for algae/cyanobacteria and nitrifiers. The results indicate that compared to conventional wastewater treatment systems, longer solids retention times (e.g., by a factor of 4) should be considered in phototrophic bioreactors for complete nitrification and nitrogen removal. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;107: 1004–1011. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
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一株耐盐的卓贝儿氏菌(Zobellella sp.)的分离鉴定及其硝酸盐还原能力 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
【背景】好氧反硝化是指在有氧条件下进行反硝化作用,使得硝化和反硝化过程能够在同一反应器中同时发生,是废水脱氮最具竞争力的技术。红树林湿地中蕴藏着丰富的微生物资源,分布着大量好氧反硝化微生物。【目的】了解耐盐微生物的脱氮机制,为含盐废水生物脱氮的工程实践提供理论依据,对一株分离于红树林湿地中的耐盐好氧细菌A63的硝酸盐异化还原能力进行分析。【方法】利用形态学特征及16S rRNA基因序列测定分析,对其种属进行了鉴定,采用单因子实验测定该菌在不同环境因子下的硝酸盐还原能力,并对其反硝化脱氮条件进行了优化。【结果】初步判定该菌株为卓贝儿氏菌(Zobellellasp.),其能在盐度0%-10%、pH5.0-10.0、温度20-40°C范围内进行反硝化脱氮和硝酸盐异化还原为氨(dissimilatorynitratereductiontoammonium,DNRA)作用。菌株A63最适生长碳源为柠檬酸钠(1.2 g/L),适宜脱氮盐度为3%、pH 7.0-7.5、温度30-35°C,且C/N为10。在最适脱氮条件下,该菌株12h内能将培养基中208.8mg/L硝态氮降至0,且仅有少量铵态氮生成,无亚硝态氮积累,脱氮率高达99%。此外,该菌株在高盐度、低C/N比、弱酸性和低温等不利生境中DNRA作用显著。【结论】细菌A63生长范围宽,脱氮效率显著,适用于海水养殖废水处理。研究为今后开发高效含盐废水生物脱氮工艺奠定了基础,对于加深氮素转化规律的认识、丰富生物脱氮理论有着重要意义。 相似文献
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Effect of oxic and anoxic conditions on nitrous oxide emissions from nitrification and denitrification processes 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Rassamee V Sattayatewa C Pagilla K Chandran K 《Biotechnology and bioengineering》2011,108(9):2036-2045
A lab-scale sequencing batch reactor fed with real municipal wastewater was used to study nitrous oxide (N(2)O) emissions from simulated wastewater treatment processes. The experiments were performed under four different controlled conditions as follows: (1) fully aerobic, (2) anoxic-aerobic with high dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, (3) anoxic-aerobic with low DO concentration, and 4) intermittent aeration. The results indicated that N(2)O production can occur from both incomplete nitrification and incomplete denitrification. N(2)O production from denitrification was observed in both aerobic and anoxic phases. However, N(2)O production from aerobic conditions occurred only when both low DO concentrations and high nitrite concentration existed simultaneously. The magnitude of N(2) O produced via anoxic denitrification was lower than via oxic denitrification and required the presence of nitrite. Changes in DO, ammonium, and nitrite concentrations influenced the magnitude of N(2)O production through denitrification. The results also suggested that N(2)O can be produced from incomplete denitrification and then released to the atmosphere during aeration phase due to air stripping. Therefore, biological nitrogen removal systems should be optimized to promote complete nitrification and denitrification to minimize N(2)O emissions. 相似文献
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Effect of influent COD/N ratio on biological nitrogen removal (BNR) from high-strength ammonium industrial wastewater 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
The effect of influent COD/N ratio on biological nitrogen removal (BNR) from high-strength ammonium industrial wastewater was investigated. Experiments were conducted in a modified Ludzack–Ettinger pilot-plant configuration for 365 days. Total nitrification of an influent concentration of 1200 mg NH4+–N l−1 was obtained in this period. Influent COD/N ratios between 0.71 and 3.4 g COD g N−1 were tested by varying the nitrogen loading rate (NLR) supplied to the pilot plant. An exponential decrease of nitrification rate was observed when the influent COD/N ratio increased.
The experimental COD/N ratio for denitrification was 7.1±0.8 g COD g N−1 while the stoichiometric ratio was 4.2 g COD g N−1. This difference is attributable to the oxidation of organic matter in the anoxic reactor with the oxygen of the internal recycle. The influence of influent COD/N ratio on the treatment of high-strength ammonium industrial wastewater can be quantified with these results. The influence of COD/N ratio should be one of the main parameters in the design of biological nitrogen removal processes in industrial wastewater treatment. 相似文献
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Kartal B Koleva M Arsov R van der Star W Jetten MS Strous M 《Journal of biotechnology》2006,126(4):546-553
For the successful application of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) in wastewater practice it is important to know how to seed new anammox reactors with biomass from existing reactors. In this study, a new high salinity anammox reactor was inoculated with biomass from a freshwater system. The changes in activity and population shifts were monitored. It was shown that freshwater anammox bacteria could adapt to salt concentrations as high as 30 gl(-1) provided the salt concentration was gradually increased. Higher salt concentrations reversibly inhibited anammox bacteria. The nitrogen removal efficiency and maximum anammox activity of the salt adapted sludge was very similar to the reference freshwater sludge. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis revealed that the freshwater anammox species Candidatus "Kuenenia stuttgartiensis" was the dominant in both salt adapted sludge and freshwater sludge. These results show that gradual adaptation may be the key to successful seeding of anammox bioreactors. 相似文献
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Nitrogen removal with the anaerobic ammonium oxidation process 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria convert ammonium to N2 with nitrite as the terminal electron acceptor in the absence of O2. Nitritation–anammox bioreactors provide a cost-effective and environment-friendly alternative to conventional nitrification/denitrification nitrogen removal systems. Currently, this process is only applied for ammonium removal from wastewater with high ammonium load and temperature. Nevertheless, recent results obtained with laboratory-scale bioreactors suggest new possible routes of application of the Nitritation–anammox technology including (1) municipal wastewater treatment, removal of (2) methane in combination with nitrite-reducing methane-oxidizing bacteria, (3) nitrate coupled to organic acid oxidation and (4) nitrogen oxides. The current review summarizes the state-of-the-art of the application of Nitritation–anammox systems and discusses the possibilities of utilizing these recent results for wastewater treatment. 相似文献