免疫酶双重染色中抗体洗脱的进一步研究

本实验进一步检查了三种常用的洗脱方法从切片上除去免疫酶组织化学染色后的抗体的效果。结果表明,PAP法染色后,氧化法的抗体洗脱完全,效果可靠;酸洗法和酸洗/二甲基甲酰胺法的效果视不同抗体而不同,二甲基甲酰胺单用或用于酸洗后似无效。所用方法均不能从ABC法染色的垂体组织切片上完全除去抗体复合物。因之,将ABC法用于第一抗体来源于同一动物种的双重染色中,来显示第一种抗原时,要特别注意排除假性双标记。     

利用微波技术用相同酶标抗体系统进行免疫组织化学双重显色

利用微波技术用相同酶标抗体系统进行免疫组织化学双重显色梁英杰吴惠茜（中山医科大学病理教研室,广州５１００８９）为了在同一组织切片上同时检测两种抗原成分,需要进行免疫组化双重染色。利用微波技术,灭活上一重染色中抗体及其复合物的活性,从而阻断双重染色之间...     

微波快速免疫荧光组化染色方法的研究

本文应用微波辐射方法加速免疫荧光组化染色(间接和直接法),分别定位15种不同组织抗原,并应用连续切片同时用两种不同的孵育方法即微波辐射和常规孵育方法进行比较。结果证明,经微波辐射后免疫荧光组化染色时间大大缩短,背景染色明显好于常规法,阳性率和阳性强度与常规法基本一致。     

利用微波固定组织的收缩率

目的探讨利用微波辐射固定、微波辐射与固定液结合固定组织的收缩程度。方法将组织分成40组,用一定强度的微波辐射或一定强度的微波辐射与不同固定液结合方法固定动物组织,并制做石蜡组织切片和HE染色,在此过程中测定各步骤前后的组织块体积,计算出收缩率。结果与结论一定强度的微波辐射和一些微波辐射与固定液结合方法固定的组织收缩率低,这些组织的切片具有细胞质均匀,染色鲜艳,细胞核大而清晰的良好效果。     

微波修复抗原和微波酶消化法同时应用在P16和CyclinD1免疫组织化学方法中的体会

Ｐ１６蛋白和ＣｙｃｌｉｎＤ１是两种常用的抗细胞周期调控因子抗体,Ｐ１６是多种肿瘤抑制基因的表达产物,ＣｙｃｌｉｎＤ１是一种癌基因产物,在肿瘤病理学研究中选用Ｐ１６和ＣｙｃｌｉｎＤ１等作为相反的抗体是十分有意义的［１］。为提高这两种抗体在石蜡包埋切片中的阳性检出率,我们在实验操作中同时应用了微波抗原修复法和微波胰蛋白酶消化法,获得了较为满意的结果,现报道如下：１　材料和方法１１　材料：选取本科手术切除大肠腺癌标本存档蜡块４０例,每例均切６张４μｍ切片备用,切片裱于涂有防脱片剂的干净载玻片上。１…     

他莫昔芬诱导的Cre重组酶在hGfapCreERT2转基因鼠小脑中的表达研究

目的探讨他莫昔芬诱导的hGfapCreERT2转基因鼠小脑中表达Cre重组酶的细胞类型。方法 hGfapCre-ERT2/Rosa26R转基因小鼠在胚胎晚期和出生早期用他莫昔芬诱导Cre重组酶表达,对小脑组织切片行X-gal染色,然后用细胞种类特异性抗体进行免疫组织化学染色,并和X-gal染色双重标记。结果在出生后第7天(P7)、第14天(P14)和第60天(P60),X-gal阳性染色和胶质细胞抗体Blbp阳性染色共标记,和神经元抗体Neun、浦肯野细胞抗体Calbindin及少突胶质细胞前体细胞抗体NG2不共标。结论自胚胎晚期第17.5天(E17.5)后用他莫昔芬诱导hGfapCreERT2转基因鼠,发现Cre重组酶特异性在小脑星形胶质细胞中表达,不在神经元、浦肯野细胞、少突胶质细胞前体细胞中表达。     

一种简化的检测细胞DNA单链断裂及其重接修补的Kohn碱液洗脱法

Kohn碱液洗脱法,可用于研究电离辐射6或紫外线照射后细胞的DNA损伤与修补,致癌化合物对离体及体内细胞DNA的损伤,以及细胞的正常DNA复制。国内已开始应用(也有采用pH值较低的洗脱液研究DNA的双链断裂及重接),近有最新综述。我们曾将此法简化,自行设计一种简便的玻璃洗脱器,省去所有蠕动泵,改用廉价的“由”字夹控制洗脱液流速,又用便宜的玻璃比色杯     

制备高分辨植物SEM样品的微波浸软法

微波辐射浸软法是一种简单、快速制备高分辨植物扫描电镜样品的方法。经冰冻断裂处理后的样品,利用断续微波辐射浸软,既可阻止浸软溶液温度陡然升高,不使植物结构受到破坏,又可使浸软时间显著缩短,由原来的72小时变为30分钟。因为断续的微波辐射能保持较低的炉内温度,所以它不仅能很好地适用于扫描电镜样品制备过程中的浸软,而且也适用于样品固定、导电染色等。此法大大缩短了O-D-O法的制样周期。     

三种不同脂肪染色方法的比较

目的探讨碳蜡(聚乙二醇)包埋技术、冰冻切片及饿酸染色在脂肪染色中的应用,综合比较几种方法的优缺点,以便在病理工作及科研工作中能找到更适合的脂肪染色方法。方法取新鲜脂肪组织及肝组织,每份标本各取3块组织,分为A、B、C三组:A组和B组标本分别进行碳蜡包埋切片和常规冰冻切片,油红O法染色;C组以饿酸浸染组织块后进行石蜡包埋切片及眦复染。结果 A组切片脂肪滴呈红色,细胞核呈蓝色;B组切片脂肪滴呈红色,细胞核呈蓝色;C组切片脂肪滴呈黑色。结论饿酸染色和碳蜡包埋技术在脂肪染色中,具有冰冻切片和石蜡切片的优点,弥补了常规冰冻切片脂肪染色的缺点和局限性,在病理检验及科研中具有一定应用价值。     

神经纤维染色及应用体会

在神经组织的疾病诊断和科研中 ,应用常规HE染色可以观察到神经元及神经纤维的全貌 ,但是它们的细微结构和某些特殊成分需要特殊的染色方法来显示。在工作实践中 ,对神经纤维的染色 ,我们在应用 Bielschowsky染色法的基础上 ,添加以微波辐射技术 ,取得了良好的染色效果 ,经过认真的观察 ,反复实验对比 ,总结了几点应用体会 ,现介绍如下 :1 .染色方法( 1 )载玻片涂胶 ,石蜡切片厚 8～ 1 0μm,放入70℃烤箱中过夜。( 2 )脱蜡至水洗 ,蒸馏水洗 3次。( 3)放入 2 0 %硝酸银水溶液中浸染 ,微波 5档、4分钟 ,保温 5分钟。( 4 )蒸馏水洗 2次。( 5 …     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.