Diagnosis, treatment, and management of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation and chronic constipation

Irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) and chronic constipation are 2 common gastrointestinal motility disorders that place a substantial burden on patients and society. Symptoms of both disorders are chronic, sometimes severe, and often respond poorly to treatment with traditional approaches, resulting in reduced quality of life, polypharmacy, and frequent healthcare utilization. Because structural, physical, or biochemical markers cannot be used to identify either disorder, diagnosis is symptom-based. In the absence of alarm features suggestive of organic disease or secondary causes of symptoms, these disorders can be positively and confidently diagnosed. In general, traditional agents used to treat patients with constipation target only a single symptom, and do not provide adequate relief of symptoms in the majority of IBS-C patients. Although patients with mild constipation symptoms may respond to treatment with fiber and laxatives, others with moderate-to-severe symptoms may require additional therapies and/or referral to a specialist for further evaluation. The advent of novel serotonergic agents has rejuvenated the therapeutic approach to patients with IBS-C and chronic constipation.     

凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片对腹泻型肠易激综合征患者的治疗

目的 观察和评价凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片（商品名：爽舒宝）对腹泻型肠易激综合征患者的临床疗效。方法 将100例腹泻型肠易激综合征患者随机分为3组,其中爽舒宝治疗组32例,马来酸曲美布汀治疗组35例,联合治疗组33例。3组患者疗程均为60 d,记录3组患者腹痛、腹泻、排便异常等症状的变化。结果 在近期疗效方面,联合治疗组有效率（87.87%）高于爽舒宝治疗组（75.00%）,而这两组的有效率均高于马来酸曲美布汀治疗组（51.43%）。在远期疗效方面,爽舒宝治疗组患者有效率（100.00%）和联合治疗组（100.00%）之间无显著差异,而这两组的有效率均高于马来酸曲美布汀治疗组（74.29%）。治疗结束后,3组患者大便次数、腹痛、大便性状等各项症状体征积分均较治疗前显著降低（P0.05）,但均低于马来酸曲美布汀治疗组（P<0.05）。结论 凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征疗效显著,值得在临床治疗中推广应用。     

凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片联合米氮平治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征的疗效观察

目的观察及评估凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片联合米氮平治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征(diarrhea irritable bowel syndrome,IBS-D)的临床疗效。方法将67例腹泻型肠易激综合征患者随机分成3组,A组服用凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片联合米氮平片治疗;B组单用米氮平片治疗;C组单用凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片治疗。连续用药4周,观察疗效和安全性。结果 A组患者总有效率为95.5%,明显高于B组的63.6%和C组的65.2%(P0.01),B组共有3例患者治疗后出现轻微头晕、嗜睡、乏力症状,A组和C组患者未见任何不良反应。结论凝结芽孢杆菌活菌片联合米氮平治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征能显著改善患者临床症状及生活质量,效果显著,安全可靠,值得进一步临床推广使用。     

可溶性膳食纤维联合益生菌治疗老年便秘型肠易激综合征的临床疗效观察

目的观察可溶性膳食纤维联合益生菌治疗老年便秘型肠易激综合征的临床疗效及安全性。方法将2017年1月至2019年1月本院就诊的130例老年便秘型肠易激综合征患者随机分为膳食纤维联合益生菌组、益生菌组和膳食纤维组。膳食纤维联合益生菌组患者服用可溶性膳食纤维联合双歧杆菌三联活菌片,益生菌组口服双歧杆菌三联活菌片,膳食纤维组使用可溶性膳食纤维,三组疗程均为30 d。比较三组患者症状改善情况、PAC-QOL评分、CSI评分。结果三组患者治疗后PAC-QOL评分、CSI评分较治疗前显著减低,且膳食纤维联合益生菌组治疗后PAC-QOL评分均低于益生菌组和膳食纤维组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。膳食纤维联合益生菌组患者治疗后临床总有效率较益生菌组和膳食纤维组明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论可溶性膳食纤维联合益生菌治疗老年便秘型肠易激综合征患者效果显著,无明显不良反应。     

Peppermint oil in irritable bowel syndrome

In a literature search 16 clinical trials investigating 180-200 mg enteric-coated peppermint oil (PO) in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or recurrent abdominal pain in children (1 study) with 651 patients enrolled were identified. Nine out of 16 studies were randomized double blind cross over trials with (n = 5) or without (n = 4) run in and/or wash out periods, five had a randomized double blind parallel group design and two were open labeled studies. Placebo served in 12 and anticholinergics in three studies as comparator. Eight out of 12 placebo controlled studies show statistically significant effects in favor of PO. Average response rates in terms of "overall success" are 58% (range 39-79%) for PO and 29% (range 10-52%) for placebo. The three studies versus smooth muscle relaxants did not show differences between treatments hinting for equivalence of treatments. Adverse events reported were generally mild and transient, but very specific. PO caused the typical GI effects like heartburn and anal/perianal burning or discomfort sensations, whereas the anticholinergics caused dry mouth and blurred vision. Anticholinergics and 5HT3/4-ant/agonists do not offer superior improvement rates, placebo responses cover the range as in PO trials. Taking into account the currently available drug treatments for IBS PO (1-2 capsules t.i.d. over 24 weeks) may be the drug of first choice in IBS patients with non-serious constipation or diarrhea to alleviate general symptoms and to improve quality of life.     

布拉酵母联合奥替溴铵对 腹泻型肠易激综合征的疗效

目的探讨布拉酵母联合奥替溴铵对腹泻型肠易激综合征(IBS-D)的临床疗效。方法将80例IBS-D患者随机分为对照组和观察组各40例。对照组患者采用奥替溴铵40mg/次,3次/d,口服。观察组患者在对照组基础上联用布拉酵母0.5g/次,2次/d,饭前30min口服。4周为一疗程。结果治疗后观察组患者腹泻症状消失时间和用药总时间明显短于对照组(P0.05)。观察组患者临床总有效率(95.0%)高于对照组(67.5%),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。观察组患者治疗后抑郁与焦虑评分明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论布拉酵母联合奥替溴铵对IBS-D患者临床疗效明显,可以迅速控制患者腹泻症状,减少患者用药不良反应。     

Abdominal bloating is the most bothersome symptom in irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C): a large population-based Internet survey in Japan

Background

Abdominal bloating is a common symptom in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C). However, it is not included among the required items in the Rome III diagnostic criteria for IBS. Little is known about an impact of abdominal bloating seen in patients with IBS-C. Using a large population-based sample, the aim of the present study was to investigate what is the most bothersome symptom in subjects with IBS-C.

Methods

An Internet survey of 30,000 adults drawn from the general public throughout Japan was conducted to identify subtypes of IBS using the Rome III diagnostic questionnaire. Consecutively, the screened subjects with IBS-C and the same number of age- and sex-matched non-IBS subjects who were randomly selected as controls were asked to answer a questionnaire on the degree of anxiety they experienced in their daily lives, thoughts about bowel habit, and their dominant gastrointestinal symptoms together with exacerbation factors (for IBS-C only).

Results

The screening survey showed that the prevalence of overall IBS was 16.5 % (female 17.4 %, male 15.5 %) and that 2.8 % met the criteria for IBS-C, 4.5 % for IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D) and 8.2 % for mixed IBS (IBS-M). Seven hundred and fifty-nine of 835 (90.9 %) subjects with IBS-C and 746 of 830 (89.9 %) control subjects completed the consecutive questionnaire. IBS-C subjects felt a higher degree of anxiety in their daily lives (p?<?0.01) and considered bowel habit to be an indicator of health (p?<?0.01) to a greater extent than control subjects. In IBS-C, the degree of anxiety was significantly associated with abdominal discomfort (p?<?0.01), pain (p?<?0.01) and bloating (p?=?0.02), but not with the frequency of bowel habit (p?>?0.1). Abdominal bloating was the most bothersome symptom (27.5 %), which was more likely to occur after a meal (52.2 %), at work/school (29.2 %) and during times of stress (26.8 %). Only 4.5 % of IBS-C subjects reported abdominal pain as the ‘most bothersome’ symptom.

Conclusions

A large population-based Internet survey suggests that abdominal bloating has a great impact on the daily lives of subjects diagnosed with IBS-C. Not only bowel movement/abdominal pain but also abdominal bloating should be evaluated in patients with IBS-C.

     

肠道微生物代谢物在肠易激综合征中的研究进展

肠易激综合征(irritable bowel syndrome, IBS)是常见的胃肠道功能障碍疾病,以腹痛、腹胀、排便习惯改变等为典型临床症状。尽管IBS病因复杂且发病机制并未完全阐明,但越来越多的文献报道其发病与微生物-肠-脑轴调控失常密切相关。本文以肠道微生物衍生的代谢物神经递质、短链脂肪酸和胆汁酸代谢物为切入点,对其在内脏敏感、腹痛、腹泻和精神心理障碍等IBS症状发展中的作用进行系统综述,为以代谢物转化细菌为靶点治疗IBS提供理论支撑。     

Distinct neurophysiological profiles in irritable bowel syndrome

The objective of this study was to determine whether cortical evoked potentials (CEPs) can define neurophysiological patterns in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In this prospective study of consecutive patients attending secondary and tertiary centers, patients with Rome II-defined IBS underwent rectal sensory and pain threshold (RST and RPT, respectively) testing with electrical stimulation on three separate visits. CEPs were collated for 75% pain thresholds, and anxiety [Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (SSTAI)] questionnaires were completed. Subjects were 33 IBS patients (27 female, mean age 40.1 yr) and 21 healthy controls (14 female, mean age 31.4 yr). At visit 3, RPT was significantly lower [mean (95% CI)] in IBS patients than in control subjects: 58.2 mA (48.0-68.5) vs. 79.5 mA (69.3-89.6) (P < 0.01). No significant differences were observed in CEP latencies and amplitudes between visits 1, 2, and 3 within each group, except P2 latency for controls (P = 0.04) and N2 latency (P = 0.04) and N2 amplitude (P = 0.02) for IBS patients. Group comparisons showed significant differences in 3-day mean RPT, CEP amplitudes, and CEP latencies between IBS patients and controls. RPT <50 mA and P1 latency >106 ms were identified four IBS subgroups: 24% were hypersensitive, 12% were hypervigilant, 15% were hyposensitive, and 49% exhibited normal P1 latency and pain threshold. CEPs are reliable and reproducible measures of early sensory processing. Identification of four IBS neurophysiological patterns highlights its heterogeneous nature. These findings mark the first step toward personalized medicine in IBS, whereby therapy may be directed at the underlying physiological process.     

双歧杆菌四联活菌片治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征患者的疗效及对血清脑肠肽水平的影响

目的 探讨双歧杆菌四联活菌片治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征（IBS-D）患者的疗效及对血清脑肠肽水平的影响。方法 选择82例治疗中的IBS-D患者,随机分为观察组（n=41例）和对照组（n=41例）。两组患者均予以饮食调整、消化道解痉药和止泻药等基础治疗。观察组患者口服双歧杆菌四联活菌片1.5 g/次,3次/d,连用8周。对照组患者除不使用双歧杆菌四联活菌片外其余处理同观察组。观察并记录两组患者治疗后疗效及不良反应,并比较治疗前后血管活性肠肽（VIP）和P物质（SP）水平的变化。结果 观察组与对照组治疗期间分别失访2例和4例,两组失访率比较差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.18,P>0.05）。治疗8周后,观察组临床总有效率为92.31%,较对照组的75.68%更佳（χ2=3.95,P0.05）。结论 双歧杆菌四联活菌片在IBS-D治疗中的应用效果较好,能较快并能持久缓解其症状,且安全性较好,其作用机制与其升高血清VIP水平,降低血清SP水平,纠正血清脑肠肽水平异常密切相关。     

Epidemiology of functional diarrhea and comparison with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome: a population-based survey in china

Background

The epidemiology of functional diarrhea and its impacts on Chinese remain unclear, and there are no data on the comparative epidemiology of functional diarrhea and diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). This study was to explore the epidemiology of functional diarrhea and its impacts, and to identify its distinction from IBS-D.

Methods and Findings

A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 16078 respondents, who were interviewed under a randomized stratified multi-stage sampling design in five cities of China. All respondents completed the modified Rome II questionnaire, and the 36-item Short Form health survey (SF-36) was used for assessing health-related quality of life in 20% of the sample. Overall, 248 respondents (1.54%) had functional diarrhea and 277 (1.72%) had IBS-D. Functional diarrhea was positively associated with increasing age and body mass index (trend test P<0.05). The three most common symptoms for at least 3 weeks in the past months were loose, mushy or watery stools (n = 203, 81.85%), more than three bowel movements a day (n = 100, 40.32%) and having to rush to the toilet to have a bowel movement (n = 72, 29.03%). Meaningful impairment was observed in 5 of the 8 SF-36 domains in respondents with functional diarrhea. The demographics are mostly similar between the respondents with functional diarrhea and IBS-D; however, respondents with IBS-D had more frequent symptoms of diarrhea and even lower scores in SF-36 domains than those with functional diarrhea.

Conclusions

The prevalence of functional diarrhea in China is substantially lower than that in Western countries and relatively higher than that in other Asian countries. It impaired health-related quality of life, and respondents with IBS-D have even worse quality of life. Further population-based studies are needed to investigate the epidemiology of functional diarrhea and the differences between functional diarrhea and IBS-D.     

布拉酵母菌辅助治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征疗效的Meta分析

目的 系统评价布拉酵母菌辅助治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征(IBS-D)的有效性.方法 计算机检索The Cochrane Library、PubMed、EMbase、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网、维普中文期刊数据库和万方数据库,时限为建库至2020年2月.由2位研究人员按纳入、排除标准筛选文献,提取数据,评价纳人文献的方...     

复方嗜酸乳杆菌片对肠易激综合征患者的疗效

目的 探讨复方嗜酸乳杆菌片对肠易激综合征（IBS）患者的治疗效果。方法 根据罗马Ⅲ诊断标准选择患者并进行分组,其中便秘型IBS（C-IBS）治疗组28例,C-IBS对照组28例;腹泻型IBS（D-IBS）治疗组57例,D-IBS对照组57例。C-IBS治疗组患者应用复方嗜酸乳杆菌片联合莫沙必利进行治疗,C-IBS对照组单纯应用莫沙必利治疗。D-IBS治疗组应用复方嗜酸乳杆菌片联合应用匹维溴铵进行治疗,D-IBS对照组单纯应用匹维溴铵治疗。治疗4周后观察各组患者疗效。结果 C-IBS治疗组有效率高于C-IBS对照组（P＜0.05）;D-IBS治疗组有效率高于D-IBS对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 IBS患者应用复方嗜酸乳杆菌片联合胃肠动力药的治疗效果优于单用胃肠动力药。