补料培养提高真养产碱杆菌产3-羟基丁酸和3-羟基戊酸共聚物生产强度的研究

对Alcaligenes eutrophus进行高密度培养,研究表明在发酵过程中进行有效控制,可以较大幅度地提高3－羟基丁酸和3－羟基戊酸共聚物[P(3HB-co-3HV)]的生产强度。实验中选择使用限氮的方法积累P(3HB-co-3HV),分别采用丙酸和戊酸为3HV前体,对摇瓶种子生长状态,停氮时机对菌体生产P(3HB-co-3HV)的影响以及补酸（3HV前体）策略进行了研究,在6．6L罐中,以葡萄糖为碳源,以丙酸为3HV前体培养50h,细胞干重,PHA产量,PHA含量分别达到149．9g/L,149.9g/L,83.3%(其中3HV组分占PHA的12．4mol%),生产强度达到2．50（g.h^-1.L^-1);以戊酸为3HV前体培养45h,细胞干重,PHA产量,PHA含量分别达到160．2g/L,119.0g/L,74.2%（其中3HV组分占PHA的17．7mol%)生产强度达到2．64（g.h^-1.L^-1)。     

基于过程参数相关分析的鸟苷发酵过程优化

本文分析鸟苷产生菌枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacilus subtilis)在50L多参数自控发酵罐上的发酵过程特点,基于多种在线及离线参数的检测,通过相关分析将生理调控的工艺参数和生物合成过程中的代谢流分布相联系,发现了发酵过程中的代谢流向糖酵解和TCA循环的迁移,并初步分析了产生代谢流迁移的原因,在此基础上优化发酵过程使产苷水平稳定在30g/L。     

碱预处理玉米芯米根霉同步糖化发酵产富马酸

以碱预处理玉米芯渣为原料,采用单因素优化方法优化米根霉同步糖化发酵产富马酸。在此基础上,研究米根霉利用碱预处理玉米芯渣的同步糖化发酵,并与纯糖发酵进行对比。结果表明:在50 g/L底物、(NH4)2SO4质量浓度0.71 g/L、纤维素酶用量20 FPIU(以1 g纤维素计)、Ca CO3加入量30 g/L、接种量10%(体积分数)和装液量50 m L的条件下,米根霉同步糖化发酵过程产富马酸13.78 g/L,而纯糖发酵富马酸生成量仅6.21 g/L。     

竹黄产胞外多糖液态培养条件优化

目的:优化竹黄Shiraia sp. SUPER-H168产胞外多糖的液态培 养基组成和发酵条件.方法:通过单因素和正交试验优化培养基组成和发酵条件,在65L气升式发酵罐中进行验证试验.结果:经分析确定最佳培 养基组成为(g/L)葡萄糖40,玉米浆粉3,KH2PO4 1,MgSO4*7H2O 0.05;最佳发酵条件为起始pH 6.0,温度30℃,装液量75mL/250mL,接种量10%(v/v).在此条件下,摇瓶中 生物量及多糖分别达到11.7g/L和1.12g/L,验证试验中分别可达到12.1g/L和1.35g/L.结论:放大试验结果优于摇瓶水平,实验数据对生产有一定指导作用.     

高产十四碳二元酸的新菌株

中国科学院微生物研究所陈远童教授在石油微生物领域 ,微生物正烷烃代谢产物和代谢途径的基础理论研究以及微生物发酵正烷烃生产长链二元酸系列产品的应用开发研究中 ,取得优异成绩 ,尤其通过国家“八五”和“九五”科技攻关 ,先后培育出高产十五碳二元酸 (DC15)、十二碳二元酸 (DC12 )和十三碳二元酸 (DC13) 3株高产突变株 ,通过代谢调控和过程优化 ,在 2 5吨罐中试和 2 0吨罐规模工业生产试验研究中 ,把DC15、DC12 和DC13的发酵产酸水平稳定在 1 80～ 2 0 0g/L的国际领先水平。并率先在国内建成国际上首家千吨级规模的二元酸生产工…     

基于质量源于设计理念在伤寒沙门菌中试规模培养工艺放大中的应用

目的基于质量源于设计(quality by design, QbD)理念,确定伤寒沙门菌(Salmonella typhi)中试规模(200 L)的培养工艺。方法运用QbD通过分析伤寒沙门菌培养工艺核心指标、培养过程,以确定对核心指标可能产生影响的因素。采用单因素试验对pH控制值、溶氧控制值和补料方式等进行考察,通过中试规模(20 L)培养工艺桥接和中试规模(200 L)培养工艺的放大,分析中试规模培养条件及发酵液中伤寒Vi荚膜多糖含量等。结果连续培养了6批次200 L规模发酵液,培养8 h时发酵液中伤寒Vi荚膜多糖含量均≥43.33μg/mL(期望值);培养条件:(1) pH控制值为7.2;(2)溶氧控制值为35%;(3)补料方式为培养初始补加葡萄糖溶液使其质量浓度为3 g/L,培养过程中补加葡萄糖溶液使其质量浓度保持在1～3 g/L。结论通过分析200 L规模培养过程监测数据,成功在中试规模(200 L)完成伤寒沙门菌培养工艺放大。     

重组大肠杆菌发酵生产谷胱甘肽的氨基酸添加策略优化

对表达双功能谷胱甘肽合成酶的重组大肠杆菌发酵生产谷胱甘肽(Glutathione,GSH)进行氨基酸添加策略优化,结果表明:基本培养基中未添加氨基酸时GSH产量为0.81 g/L;诱导2 h后添加17 mmol/L半胱氨酸GSH产量为1.16 g/L,比不加氨基酸提高43%;添加17 mmol/L的3种前体氨基酸,GSH产量达到3.86 g/L,比只添加半胱氨酸提高2.33倍;进一步提高3种氨基酸添加量至25 mmol/L,GSH产量可达4.64 g/L,比不添加氨基酸提高4.73倍,总生产强度高达317.8 mg/(L·h),半胱氨酸转化为谷胱甘肽达到0.60 mol/mol;考察氨基酸添加模式发现一次性添加25 mmol/L氨基酸较恒速流加模式生产速率提高了29.8%。后续在50 L罐放大生产GSH,产量为4.31 g/L,总生产强度达到310.1 mg/(L·h),为工业化放大生产GSH奠定了基础。     

乙酸、糠醛和5-羟甲基糠醛对产酸克雷伯氏菌发酵生产2,3-丁二醇的影响

为了解产酸克雷伯氏菌对木质纤维素水解液中主要抑制物的耐受和代谢,考察了产酸克雷伯氏菌发酵生产2,3-丁二醇(2,3-butanediol,2,3-BDO)过程中对3种发酵抑制物乙酸、糠醛和5-羟甲基糠醛(5-hydroxymethylfurfural HMF)的耐受以及抑制物浓度的变化,检测了糠醛和HMF的代谢产物.结果表明:产酸克雷伯氏菌对乙酸、糠醛和HMF的耐受浓度分别为30 g/L、4 g/L和5 g/L.并且部分乙酸可作为生产2,3-丁二醇的底物,在0～30 g/L浓度范围内可提高2,3-丁二醇的产量.发酵过程中产酸克雷伯氏菌可将HMF和糠醛全部转化,其中约70％HMF被转化为2,5-呋喃二甲醇,30％HMF和全部糠醛被菌体代谢.研究表明在木质纤维素水解液生产2,3-丁二醇的脱毒过程中可优先考虑脱除糠醛,一定浓度的乙酸可以不用脱除.     

补料优化降低抗体生产过程中宿主细胞蛋白残留的研究

目的:通过上游工艺中补料培养基优化以降低单克隆抗体生产中的宿主细胞蛋白(HCP)水平。方法:本文在3 L反应器的工艺开发过程中考察了不同的商品化补料培养基和细胞接种密度对HCP水平的影响,筛选出最优条件后,进行了补料工艺的优化和金属离子的添加试验,最后将优化后的工艺放大至200 L中试规模。结果:在小试阶段发现Cellvento 4Feed可以显著降低HCP,同时CuSO4可以进一步促进HCP降低的水平,最终将工艺放大至200 L中试进行生产并取得了相似的结果,验证了工艺的稳定性和可放大性,中试规模的HCP水平相比最初的工艺降低了65%左右。结论:补料培养基优化可以有效降低细胞对HCP的比生产速率,使收获液中整体的HCP水平显著下降。     

重组毕赤酵母生产β-葡萄糖苷酶发酵条件初步研究

为提高重组毕赤酵母(P.pastoris KM71/pPIC9K-bgl)生产β-葡萄糖苷酶的产量,在摇瓶条件下对重组P.pastoris产β-葡萄糖苷酶的发酵过程进行了优化,得到最佳的条件:生长阶段甘油浓度为30 g/L,接种量为10%,诱导阶段甲醇的初浓度为4%,过程补加甲醇0.5%,诱导温度30℃,pH7.5,诱导周期120 h,酶活可达到245 U/mL。在此基础上,在3 L发酵罐上进行初步放大,流加甘油提高细胞密度至OD_(600)为170,开始流加甲醇诱导,最终BGL酶活达到1 175 U/mL。比摇瓶提高了4.8倍,为β-葡萄糖苷酶工业化生产打下了坚实的基础。     

Overproduction of L‐tryptophan via simultaneous feed of glucose and anthranilic acid from recombinant Escherichia coli W3110: Kinetic modeling and process scale‐up

L‐tryptophan is an essential amino acid widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries. However, its production via Escherichia coli fermentation suffers severely from both low glucose conversion efficiency and acetic acid inhibition, and to date effective process control methods have rarely been explored to facilitate its industrial scale production. To resolve these challenges, in the current research an engineered strain of E. coli was used to overproduce L‐tryptophan. To achieve this, a novel dynamic control strategy which incorporates an optimized anthranilic acid feeding into a dissolved oxygen‐stat (DO‐stat) glucose feeding framework was proposed for the first time. Three original contributions were observed. Firstly, compared to previous DO control methods, the current strategy was able to inhibit completely the production of acetic acid, and its glucose to L‐tryptophan yield reached 0.211 g/g, 62.3% higher than the previously reported. Secondly, a rigorous kinetic model was constructed to simulate the underlying biochemical process and identify the effect of anthranilic acid on both glucose conversion and L‐tryptophan synthesis. Finally, a thorough investigation was conducted to testify the capability of both the kinetic model and the novel control strategy for process scale‐up. It was found that the model possesses great predictive power, and the presented strategy achieved the highest glucose to L‐tryptophan yield (0.224 g/g) ever reported in large scale processes, which approaches the theoretical maximum yield of 0.227 g/g. This research, therefore, paves the way to significantly enhance the profitability of the investigated bioprocess.

     

Real-time analyte monitoring of a fungal fermentation, at pilot scale, using in situ mid-infrared spectroscopy

Robust in situ biochemical monitoring is essential for the development of substrate feed control to optimize fermentation processes. The scale up of the fermentation for the fungus Glarea lozoyensis can benefit from such technology to improve the yield of the pharmaceutically important pneumocandin of interest and control the levels of unwanted analogues. A new in situ probe, using a diamond attenuated total reflection element, was evaluated at pilot scale for the quantitative measurement of fermentation analytes using Fourier transform mid-IR spectrometry. The new technology was shown to be stable, unaffected by reactor operation conditions of agitation, airflow, and backpressure, but sensitive to temperature control. Both glucose and phosphate were simultaneously monitored during a seed fermentation at 280 L pilot scale using complex medium with detection to 0.1 g/L for both analytes. Fructose, glutamate, and proline were monitored at 75 L scale using production media with detection limits of 0.1, 0.5, and 0.5 g/L respectively. Partial least squares calibration/prediction models were created for analytes of interest using off-line reference measurements and specific spectral regions. Good fits were obtained between off-line measurements and those predicted by in situ mid-IR. Standard errors of prediction (SEP) for glucose (range 18-0.1 g/L) and phosphate (range 11-7.5 g/L) were 0.16 and 1.8 g/L respectively with mean percentage errors (MPEs) around 2.5%. SEP values for the production process: fructose (range 20-0.1 g/L), glutamate (8-0.5 g/L), and proline (12-0.5 g/L) were 0.44, 0.6, and 0.5 g/L respectively with MPEs of 2.2, 5.3, and 10.1%. The technology effectively demonstrates quantitative multicomponent analysis of fermentation processes using in situ monitoring.     

Increase of xylitol production rate by controlling redox potential in Candida parapsilosis

The effect of redox potential on xylitol production by Candida parapsilosis was investigated. The redox potential was found to be useful for monitoring the dissolved oxygen (DO) level in culture media, especially when the DO level was low. An increase in the agitation speed in a 5 L fermentor resulted in an increased culture redox potential as well as enhanced cell growth. Production of xylitol was maximized at a redox potential of 100 mV. As the initial cell concentration increased from 8 g/L to 30 g/L, the volumetric productivity of xylitol increased from 1.38 g/L. h to 4.62 g/L. h. A two-stage xylitol production strategy was devised, with stage 1 involving rapid production of cells under well-aerated conditions, and stage 2 involving cultivation with reduced aeration such that the culture redox potential was 100 mV. Using this technique, a final xylitol concentration of 180 g/L was obtained from a culture medium totally containing 254.5 g/L xylose in a 3,000 L pilot scale fermentor after 77 h fermentation. The volumetric productivity of xylitol during the fermentation was 2.34 g/L. h.     

Maximizing productivity of CHO cell-based fed-batch culture using chemically defined media conditions and typical manufacturing equipment

A highly productive chemically defined fed-batch process was developed to maximize titer and volumetric productivity for Chinese hamster ovary cell-based recombinant protein manufacturing. Two cell lines producing a recombinant antibody (cell line A) and an Fc-fusion protein (cell line B) were used for development. Both processes achieved product titers of 10 g/L on day 18 under chemically defined conditions. For cell line B, the use of plant derived hydrolysates combined with the optimized chemically defined medium increased the titer to 13 g/L. Volumetric productivities were increased from a base line of about 200 mg/L/d to about 500 mg/L/d under chemically defined conditions and as high as 700 mg/L/d with cell line B using plant derived hydrolysates. Peak cell densities reached greater than 20E6 vc/mL, and cell viabilities were maintained above 80% on day 18 without the use of antiapoptotic genes or temperature shift. A rapid compound screening method was developed to effectively test positive factors within 72 h. Peak volumetric oxygen uptake rates (OUR) more than tripled from the baseline condition. Oxygen demand continued to increase after maximum cell density was reached with a maximal OUR of 3.7 mmol/L/h. The new process format was scaled up and verified at 100 L pilot scale using reactor equipment of similar configuration as used at manufacturing scale.     

重组人肿瘤坏死因子α(hTNFα)衍生物发酵条件的研究

本文对一种新型重组人肿瘤坏死因子衍生物（命名为ｈＴＮＦＤ）的发酵条件进行了初步研究。通过实验优化选择了适宜该衍生物表达的培养基、ＩＰＴＧ使用浓度、诱导时期以及诱导时间的长短等,并在５０Ｌ发酵罐进行了中试规模的放大培养,菌体的收获量湿重可达１６４３ｇ／Ｌ,ｈＴＮＦＤ表达量占总蛋白的６０％,纯化的衍生物比活为１０１×１０１０Ｕ／ｍｇ,比原型ｈＴＮＦα提高了４６５倍,具有潜在的临床应用价值。     

Screening of Ganoderma strains with high polysaccharides and ganoderic acid contents and optimization of the fermentation medium by statistical methods

Polysaccharides and ganoderic acids (GAs) are the major bioactive constituents of Ganoderma species. However, the commercialization of their production was limited by low yield in the submerged culture of Ganoderma despite improvement made in recent years. In this work, twelve Ganoderma strains were screened to efficiently produce polysaccharides and GAs, and Ganoderma lucidum 5.26 (GL 5.26) that had been never reported in fermentation process was found to be most efficient among the tested stains. Then, the fermentation medium was optimized for GL 5.26 by statistical method. Firstly, glucose and yeast extract were found to be the optimum carbon source and nitrogen source according to the single-factor tests. Ferric sulfate was found to have significant effect on GL 5.26 biomass production according to the results of Plackett–Burman design. The concentrations of glucose, yeast extract and ferric sulfate were further optimized by response surface methodology. The optimum medium composition was 55 g/L of glucose, 14 g/L of yeast extract, 0.3 g/L of ferric acid, with other medium components unchanged. The optimized medium was testified in the 10-L bioreactor, and the production of biomass, IPS, total GAs and GA-T enhanced by 85, 27, 49 and 93 %, respectively, compared to the initial medium. The fermentation process was scaled up to 300-L bioreactor; it showed good IPS (3.6 g/L) and GAs (670 mg/L) production. The biomass was 23.9 g/L in 300-L bioreactor, which was the highest biomass production in pilot scale. According to this study, the strain GL 5.26 showed good fermentation property by optimizing the medium. It might be a candidate industrial strain by further process optimization and scale-up study.     

Isolation of a novel high erythritol-producing <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudozyma tsukubaensis</Emphasis> and scale-up of erythritol fermentation to industrial level

This study isolated a novel erythritol-producing yeast strain, which is capable of growth at high osmolarity. Characteristics of the strain include asexual reproduction by multilateral budding, absence of extracellular starch-like compounds, and a negative Diazonium blue B color reaction. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 26S rDNA sequence and physiological analysis indicated that the strain belongs to the species Pseudozyma tsukubaensis and has been named P. tsukubaensis KN75. When P. tsukubaensis KN75 was cultured aerobically in a fed-batch culture with glucose as a carbon source, it produced 245 g/L of erythritol, corresponding to 2.86 g/L/h productivity and 61% yield, the highest erythritol yield ever reported by an erythritol-producing microorganism. Erythritol production was scaled up from a laboratory scale (7 L fermenter) to pilot (300 L) and plant (50,000 L) scales using the dissolved oxygen as a scale-up parameter. Erythritol production at the pilot and plant scales was similar to that at the laboratory scale, indicating that the production of erythritol by P. tsukubaensis KN75 holds commercial potential.     

High yield and cost‐effective production of poly(γ‐glutamic acid) with Bacillus subtilis

Poly(γ‐glutamic acid) (γ‐PGA) is a promising biopolymer with many potential industrial and pharmaceutical applications. To reduce the production costs, the effects of yeast extract and L ‐glutamate in the substrate for γ‐PGA production were investigated systematically at shake flask scale. The results showed that lower concentrations of yeast extract (40 g/L) and L ‐glutamate (30 g/L) were beneficial for the cost‐effective production of γ‐PGA in the formulated medium. By maintaining the glucose concentration in the range of 3–10 g/L via a fed‐batch strategy in a 10‐L fermentor, the production of γ‐PGA was greatly improved with the highest γ‐PGA concentration of 101.1 g/L, a productivity of 2.19 g/L·h and a yield of 0.57 g/g total substrate, which is about 1.4‐ to 3.2‐fold higher than those in the batch fermentation. Finally, this high‐density fermentation process was successfully scaled up in a 100‐L fermentor. The present work provides a powerful approach to produce this biopolymer as a bulk chemical in large scale.     

重组人干扰素βser17工程菌发酵培养条件的优化研究

实验对重组人干扰素βser17(rhIFNβser17)工程菌的发酵培养条件进行了研究,通过实验优化确定了适宜rhIFNβser17表达的培养基、诱导剂使用浓度、诱导时期和诱导后的收获时间等,建立了发酵培养工艺,并在50L发酵罐进行了中试发酵,菌体收获量湿重达13.08g/L,rhIFNβser17表达量占菌体总蛋白的20.2%,纯化后比活性达2×107IU/mg蛋白以上,为进一步的下游开发奠定了基础。     

Statistical optimization of culture conditions for bacterial cellulose production using Box-Behnken design

Culture conditions in a jar fermentor for bacterial cellulose (BC) production from A. xylinum BPR2001 were optimized by statistical analysis using Box-Behnken design. Response surface methodology was used to predict the levels of the factors, fructose (X1), corn steep liquor (CSL) (X2), dissolved oxygen (DO) (X3), and agar concentration (X4). Total 27 experimental runs by combination of each factor were carried out in a 10-L jar fermentor, and a three-dimensional response surface was generated to determine the effect of the factors and to find out the optimum concentration of each factor for maximum BC production and BC yield. The fructose and agar concentration highly influenced the BC production and BC yield. However, the optimum conditions according to changes in CSL and DO concentrations were predicted at almost central values of tested ranges. The predicted results showed that BC production was 14.3 g/L under the condition of 4.99% fructose, 2.85% CSL, 28.33% DO, and 0.38% agar concentration. On the other hand, BC yield was predicted in 0.34 g/g under the condition of 3.63% fructose, 2.90% CSL, 31.14% DO, and 0.42% agar concentration. Under optimized culture conditions, improvement of BC production and BC yield were experimentally confirmed, which increased 76% and 57%, respectively, compared to BC production and BC yield before optimizing the culture conditions.