Revision of the shield-bug genera <Emphasis Type="Italic">Holcostethus</Emphasis> Fieber and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Peribalus</Emphasis> Mulsant et Rey (Heteroptera,Pentatomidae) of the Palaearctic Region

A complex of the heteropteran genera centering around Peribalus Mulsant et Rey and Holcostethus Fieber is considered. The genus Dryadocoris Kirkaldy reveals no relationship with the above genera and is believed to represent a separate clade of the family Pentatomidae. The genera Peribalus and Holcostethus are revised. The former includes three subgenera: Peribalus s. str. with two species, Asioperibalus subgen. n. (type species Cimex inclusus Dohrn) with six species, and Tianocoris subgen. n. (type species Holcostethus manifestus Kiritshenko) with two species. Holcostethus embraces two subgenera: Holcostethus s. str. and the monotypic Enigmocoris subgen. n. (type species H. fissiceps Horváth). Two new species are described: Peribalus tianshanicus sp. n. from the Tien Shan Mts. and P. przewalskii sp. n. from the northern part of China (Huan He River). P. capitatus Jakovlev and P. vernalis (Wolff) are downgraded to subspecies of P. strictus (F.). P. ovatus Jakovlev is synonymized with P. inclusus (Dohrn). Two new monotypic genera related to the revised complex of genera are established, Paraholcostethus gen. n. (type species Peribalus breviceps Horváth) and Himalayastethus gen. n. (type species H. pilosus sp. n. from Kashmir). A key to, and morphometric characters for all the taxa considered are provided. The key characters, including both male and female genitalia, are illustrated, and distributional maps are given.     

A review of the fauna of the subgenus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Troginus</Emphasis>, genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Carpelimus</Emphasis> (Coleoptera,Staphylinidae), from tropical Africa

The review includes seven species, three new species are described: Carpelimus maliensis, C. neuterus, and C. xenosus spp. n. The names Trogophloeus variegatus Cameron, 1944, T. ruandanus Cameron, 1956, and Carpelimus maroccanus Gildenkov, 2004 are synonymized with Carpelimus atomus (Saulcy, 1864). Carpelimus rondaensis is downgraded to the subspecies C. boops rondaensis (Fagel, 1957). Lectotype of Trogophloeus dundoensis Cameron, 1950 is designated. New data on the morphology and distribution of Carpelimus (Troginus) species are given.     

New data on the taxonomy,distribution, and ecology of the weevil genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Otiorhynchus</Emphasis> germar (Coleoptera,Curculionidae)

The subgenus Pocusogetus Rtt. of the genus Otiorhynchus Germ. is revised. The subgenus includes O. rosti Strl., O. shapovalovi Davidian et Yunakov, O. obsulcatus Strl., O. fischtensis Rtt., and O. gusakovi sp. n. closely related to O. fischtensis (both from Mt. Fisht, the Western Caucasus). O. fischtensis is transferred from the subgenus Vicoranius Rtt., its lectotype is designated. A key to species of Pocusogetus is given. The systematic position of the subgenera Pocusogetus and Vicoranius in the genus Otiorhynchus is discussed. New data on the geographical distribution and ecology of the little-known species of the subgenera Obvoderus Rtt., Pseudoprovadilus Magnano, and Clypeorhynchus Yunakov et Arzanov are given. Some features of ecological differentiation between Otiorhynchus species in the alpine and subalpine zones of the Caucasus are discussed.     

Karyotypic and morphological study of five species of the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Wilhelmia</Emphasis> Enderlein (Diptera,Simuliidae)

Karyotypic features as well as larval and imaginal morphology have been studied in five species of the black fly genus Wilhelmia, viz. W. equina (Linnaeus, 1758), W. pseudequina (Seguy, 1921), W. lineata (Meigen, 1804), W. veltistshevi (Rubzov, 1940), and W. salopiensis (Edwards, 1927). Photomaps of polytene chromosomes are given for all species (those for W. pseudequina and W. veltistshevi, for the first time). Species-specific karyological and morphological characters have been revealed. According to principal karyological features, the species examined are divided into the equina and salopiensis groups. The validity of the species rank is confirmed for all species. Clear karyological and morphological distinctions between W. salopiensis and W. lineata give evidence that synonymization of W. salopiensis with W. lineata was erroneous.     

Revision of the Early-Middle Cambrian Lingulida (Brachiopoda) from the Siberian Platform

Based on Yu.L. Pelman’s lingulid collection and our own material, the Early-Middle Cambrian genus Eoobolus, which was widespread on the Siberian Platform, is revised. The Siberian members of this genus have previously been assigned to Lingulella. Two out of these six members are recognized as valid species: Eoobolus siniellus (Pelman) and E. variabilis (Pelman). Lingulella acuta Pelman and L. linguata Pelman are considered here to be junior synonyms of E. priscus (Poulsen, 1932). The valid species are redescribed and their stratigraphic and geographic ranges are given. A new species, E. pelmani sp. nov., is described. New data on the Eoobolus microornamentation and shell structure are provided.     

Role of ships’ hull fouling and tropicalization process on European carcinofauna: new records in Galician waters (NW Spain)

Ten unusual decapod crustacean species are reported for the coasts of Galicia (NW Spain), eight of them recorded for the first time in this area. Three species: Pilumnopeus africanus, Charybdis hellerii and Pachygrapsus gracilis, are non-indigenous species. The reports of Panopeus africanus and Inachus aguiarii represent the northernmost localities of these African species, whose previous North limits were in the Southwestern European coasts. Remaining five species: Xaiva biguttata, Bathynectes longipes, Parthenopoides massena, Monodaeus couchii and Homola barbata are scarcely known species found within their distribution range. Updated data about these species are given, both from the point of view of their distribution and identification (morphological and molecular methods), as well as the potential pathways for introduction of the non-indigenous ones. According to evidence presented in the present study, biofouling still remains an important vector of species transmission and surely has been undervalued with respect to ballast water.     

Gall midges of the supertribe stomatosematidi (Diptera,Cecidomyiidae) in the Palaearctic region,with descriptions of new taxa from the late Eocene Rovno Amber. 2. The genera <Emphasis Type="Italic">Didactylomyia</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rovnodidactylomyia</Emphasis> gen. n.

One new genus (Rovnodidactylomyia Fedotova et Perkovsky, gen. n.) and four new species (Didactylomyia dlusskyi sp. n., Rovnodidactylomyia zosimovichi gen. n. et sp. n., R. sidorenkoi sp. n., and R. iconica sp. n.) are described from an amber sample of the late Eocene Period (Rovno District, Ukraine). Two species from a Baltic amber sample of the late Eocene Period, described earlier in the genus Bryocrypta, are attributed to the genus Rovnodidactylomyia (R. girafa (Meunier, 1904) comb. n. and R. capitosa (Meunier, 1904)). The first fossil species of the genus Didactylomyia is described for the first time; two contemporary Palaearctic species are recorded. Keys to the species of the genus Didactylomyia are given.     

To the knowledge of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sphecodes hyalinatus</Emphasis> Hagens species-group (Hymenoptera,Halictidae)

Five species of the hyalinatus species-group of the genus Sphecodes Latreille 1804 (Hymenoptera, Halictidae) are reviewed. Sphecodes maruyamanus Tsuneki and S. murotai Tsuneki are found in Russia for the first time, and S. hyalinatus Hagens is newly recorded from the Kuril Islands (Kunashir). Illustrated keys to males and females of all the species of the S. hyalinatus species-group are provided. An updated checklist of 37 species of the genus Sphecodes is given.     

Contribution to the Microlepidoptera Fauna of the South of Krasnoyarsk Territory and the Republic of Khakassia

This paper provides a list of 125 species from 22 families of Microlepidoptera collected in the south of Krasnoyarsk Territory and in the Republic ofKhakassia, with 63 species (50%) and 2 families (Bucculatricidae and Elachistidae) recorded in the region for the first time, and 11 species from 6 families being new to Siberia: Cauchas fibulella, Nemophora fasciella, N. minimella (Adelidae), Phyllonorycter sorbicola, Phyllocnistis extrematrix (Gracillariidae), Cosmiotes freyerella, Elachista subocellea (Elachistidae), Caryocolum alsinella, Scrobipalpula diffluella (Gelechiidae), Agonopterix intersecta (Depressariidae), and Ypsolopha horridella (Ypsolophidae). Three species are new to science: Phyllonorycter sp. and Phyllocnistis verae (Gracillariidae) from the suburbs of Krasnoyarsk and Chrysoesthia sp. (Gelechiidae) from the Republic of Khakassia. Almost half of the faunistic findings belong to two families, Gelechiidae (34 species) and Gracillariidae (24 species). In the former family, the number of species distributed in Krasnoyarsk Territory and/or Khakassia was increased by 1.5 times based on our collection. Trophic specialization remains unknown only for 7 of the 125 species. Most (90%) of the remaining 118 species are phytophagous, the others are saprophagous; 53 species are known as leaf miners. Phytophagous species feed on plants of 36 families and 21 orders. The largest number of microlepidopteran species inhabit plants of the orders Rosales and Fagales (25 and 24 species, respectively). Twelve species are known as pests: Tineidae (4 species), Gracillariidae, Gelechiidae (2 species in each), Argyresthiidae, Choreutidae, Lyonetiidae, and Plutellidae (one species in each). Four pest species have expanded beyond the Palaearctic in the last century: Choreutis pariana (Choreutidae), Scrobipalpa atriplicella (Gelechiidae), Plutella xylostella (Plutellidae), and Niditinea fuscella (Tineidae).     

Five new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Conocybe</Emphasis> (Agaricomycetes,Bolbitiaceae) from Russia

Five new Conocybe species are described from Russia based on collections made in different parts of the country. One species (C. olivaceopileata) belongs to sect. Conocybe, two species (C. praticola and C. coniferarum) to sect. Mixtae. The ornamented basidiospores of C. confundens and C. incerta is characteristic for sect. Ochromarasmius. All new species are described based on morphology and, in some cases, on DNA sequencing (ITS rDNA). Photos of basidiocarps, illustrations of microstructures and a comparison with similar taxa are given.     

Notes on the fauna and taxonomy of the click beetles (Coleoptera,Elateridae) of Russia and neighboring countries

New data on the distribution and taxonomy of some species of click-beetles in Russia and adjacent countries are given. Several species are recorded for the first time for the following territories: Brachygonus bouyoni (Chass.), B. dubius (Plat. et Cate) and Zorochros lewisi (Schw.), for Russia; Sericus sulcipennis (Baudi), for Ukraine; Berninelsonius hyperboreus (Gyll.), Cidnopus parallelus (Motsch.), and Limonius poneli Les. et Mertl., for Kazakhstan. New interesting findings of Sericus sulcipennis and Selatosomus songoricus (Kr.) are reported. Comments on some erroneous faunistic records of several elaterids, including some species from Middle Asia, are made. The following new synonymy is established: Haterumelater fulvago (Marseul, {dy1868}) = Elater tauricola Gurjeva, 1957, syn. n. Notes on the variability of Selatosomus latus (F.) are given, and its conspecificity with S. corpulentus (Cand.) is confirmed. The external morphology and genitalia of the little known Selatosomus nanus Gur. are studied, and the systematic position of this species is discussed.     

Review of the fauna of the bug families Ceratocombidae,Tingidae, Microphysidae,and Reduviidae (Heteroptera) of the Middle and South Urals,with analysis of the zoogeographie structure of the Tingidae fauna

Based on the material of the authors’ collections from the South Ural Reserve (Republic of Bashkortostan), Sverdlovsk and Chelyabinsk provinces, the collections of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Ilmen State Reserve (Chelyabinsk Province), and the Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Yekaterinburg), and also the reliable literature data, an annotated list of the true bug fauna of the Middle and South Urals is compiled for the first time. The list includes representatives of the families Ceratocombidae (1 species), Tingidae (45 species of 14 genera), Microphysidae (1 species), and Reduviidae (2 species of 1 genus). The known fauna of the Middle Urals (Perm Territory and Sverdlovsk Province) includes 24 species of Tingidae and 1 species of Microphysidae; that of the South Urals includes 1 species of Ceratocombidae, 41 species of Tingidae, 1 species of Microphysidae, and 2 species of Reduviidae. Six species are recorded from the Urals for the first time: Ceratocombus (Xylonannus) brevipennis Poppius, 1910 (Ceratocombidae), Acalypta gracilis gracilis (Fieber, 1844), Agramma tropidopterum Flor, I860 (Tingidae), Loricula (Myrmedobia) exilis (Fallén, 1807) (Microphysidae), Empicoris culiciformis (De Geer, 1773), and E. vagabundus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Reduviidae). The families Ceratocombidae and Microphysidae were not previously known from this region. The following numbers of species are recorded for the first time for different regions of the Middle and South Urals: for Perm Territory, 2 species of Tingidae; for Sverdlovsk Province, 11 species of Tingidae and 1 of Microphysidae; for Bashkortostan, 1 species of Ceratocombidae, 13 of Tingidae, 1 ofMicrophysidae, and 2 species of Reduviidae; for Chelyabinsk Province, 3 species of Tingidae. The Tingidae fauna of the Middle and South Urals mostly includes species widespread in the latitudinal and longitudinal directions, including 4 Holarctic (8.9%) and 12 Trans-Palaearctic species (26.7%). Ranges of 24 species (53.3%) mainly lie in the “humid” northern part of the Palaearctic (the humid complex of species). Ranges of 21 species (46.7%) mainly lie in the southern part of the Palaearctic, i.e., the Tethyan Region (the arid complex), the Tingidae fauna of the Middle Urals including only 2 species (8.3%) of that complex. Seven species (17.1%) of Tingidae form the arid element in the fauna of Orenburg Province: Kalama henschi (Puton, 1892), Galeatus vitreus Golub, 1974, G. scrophicus Saunders, 1876, Tingis (Tingis) pusilla (Jakovlev, 1873), T. (Tropidocheila) renovata Golub, 1977, T. (Tr.) maculata (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1838), Dictyla subdola (Horvath, 1905). Ranges of 7 species (15.5% of the whole studied fauna of Tingidae) are limited to the Middle and South Urals in the east and northeast. Ranges of 8 other species (17.8%) extend eastwards, beyond the Urals no farther than the south of Western Siberia and Western Kazakhstan. The mountain territory of the Middle and the South Urals obviously serves as a significant orographic and climatic barrier on the way of eastward expansion of some Western- and Central-Palaearctic species of Tingidae.     

A Review of the Ant Genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Dolichoderus</Emphasis> Lund, 1831 (Hymenoptera,Formicidae: Dolichoderinae) of Mexico

Mexican ants of the genus Dolichoderus are revised. Five species of the genus are recorded: D. bispinosus (Olivier, 1792), D. diversus Emery, 1894, D. lutosus (Smith, 1858), D. mariae Forel, 1885 and D. plagiatus (Mayr, 1870). Dolichoderus tridentanodus Ortega-De Santiago et Vásquez-Bolaños, 2012 is synonymized with Camponotus mucronatus Emery, 1890. Early records of D. germaini Emery, 1894 and D. lugens Emery, 1894 from Mexico are misidentifications and those species are excluded from the list of the Mexican fauna. Dolichoderus mariae Forel, 1885 is newly reported for the fauna of Mexico. Identification key to Mexican Dolichoderus species is given.     

To the fauna of bristletails of the families Meinertellidae and Machilidae (Thysanura) from Krasnodar Territory and Kazakhstan

Four new species, Machilinus caucasicus (Meinertellidae), Trigoniophthalmus fuscus, T. petrophilus, and Silvestrichilis zazimkoi from Krasnodar Territory, and one new species, Allopsontus linnaeusi (Machilidae) from Eastern Kazakhstan are described. A key to species of the genus Trigoniophthalmus is given.     

Nemestrinid flies (Diptera,Nemestrinidae) in the fauna of Eastern Europe and the Caucasus

The ranges of eight species [Fallenia fasciata (Fabricius, 1805), Neorhynchocephalus tauscheri (Fischer, 1812), Nemestrinus caucasicus (Fischer, 1806), N. bombiformis Portschinsky, 1892, N. brandti (Bequaert, 1938), N. laetus obscuripennis (Portschinsky, 1887), N. reticulatus Latreille, 1802, and Trichopsidea costata (Loew, 1875)] from Eastern Europe and the Caucasus are discussed. With the exception of Nemestrinus caucasicus, the other species are rare in the territory studied; their latest findings are referred to the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. These species should be considered as endangered species and included into the Red Data Books of the corresponding regions. N. obscuripennis (Portschinsky, 1887) is regarded as a Caucasian-Anatolian subspecies of N. laetus (Loew, 1873) basing on the study of lecto-and paratypes of the former. A key for identification of the genera and species considered is given.     

Intestinal enterobacteria of the hibernating <Emphasis Type="Italic">Apis mellifera mellifera</Emphasis> L. bees

Dynamics of enterobacteria of normal intestinal microflora was studied in Apis mellifera mellifera L. bees hibernating under snow in the Western Urals. The cell numbers (N) of the predominant species Klebsiella oxytoca increased from 10-10⁶ CFU/bee in November 2004 to 10⁴-10⁷ CFU/bee in March 2005; its frequency of occurrence (P) increased from 92 to 100%. Increase of Providencia rettgeri (11.2004: N up to 10⁶, P 25%; 03.2005: N 10²-10⁶, P 80%) was accompanied by the substitution of Morganella morganii (11.2004: N up to 10⁶, P 25%) with Proteus vulgaris (03.2005: N up to 10⁵, P 8%). By spring, Hafnia alvei and Citrobacter sp., which are pathogenic to bees, disappeared (11.2004: N up to 10⁵, P 13 and 10%, respectively). Endophytic species Pantoea agglomerans, Leclecria sp., and other representatives of the “Enterobacter agglomerans” group were present in November and after the first emergence in spring (N up to 10⁵; November: P 15%; April: P 23%). In April, the number of enterobacteria decreased to 10⁵, and P. rettgeri became the predominant species (P 54%) instead of K. oxytoca (P 43%).     

A review of species of the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Diaphorus</Emphasis> (Diptera,Dolichopodidae) in the Palaearctic Region

The history of studying the genus Diaphorus is described. Seventeen species have been studied. A key to species of the genus Diaphorus of the Palaearctic fauna, including 37 species, and a catalogue of the Palaearctic species with synonyms are given. Diaphorus oldenbergi Parent, 1925 is regarded as a synonym of the species D. nigrotibia Strobl, 1893 (syn. n.). The new species Diaphorus sublautus sp. n. from Azerbaijan is described. Lectotypes of D. dolichocercus Stackelberg, D. parenti Stackelberg, D. ussuriensis Stackelberg, and D. varifrons Becker are designated.