重组黄杆菌肝素酶Ⅲ的纯化、表征及培养条件对酶生产的影响

肝素酶Ⅲ是一种特异性地裂解乙酰肝素的酶,在大肠杆菌中表达时容易形成包涵体.为实现肝素酶Ⅲ的可溶性表达,利用谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)与肝素酶Ⅲ融合性能,通过构建相应的表达质粒pGEX-heparinaseⅢ,在大肠杆菌中实现了肝素酶Ⅲ的可溶性表达.粗酶通过一步亲和纯化其纯度可达95%以上.通过对LB培养基摇瓶培养Escherichia coli BL21的诱导时机,诱导剂用量、诱导时间等培养条件的优化,确定了该可溶性肝素酶Ⅲ融合蛋白的最适生产条件.通过对纯酶的最适反应温度、pH、Ca~(2+)浓度等一系列性质研究,确定了该酶的最适反应条件.     

添加核苷对肝素黄杆菌发酵产肝素酶的影响

研究了添加核苷对肝素黄杆菌发酵产肝素酶的影响,结果发现,单种核苷的添加会抑制产酶,而复合核苷的添加则促进产酶,当4种核苷的添加比例与肝素酶mRNA中4种相应核苷酸的比例一致时,促进作用最强。通过HPLC检测,证实添加后核苷很快进入了菌体内。HPLC的结果还表明,菌体内嘧啶核苷酸和嘌呤核苷酸的合成代谢可能不平衡,这对产酶是不利的。为此,还研究了通过添加天冬氨酸以增强嘧啶核酸合成代谢的调节方式,使产酶得到了提高。     

重组大肠杆菌生产可溶性MBP融合肝素酶的培养条件优化

为确立肝素酶Ⅰ的高效生产工艺,利用麦芽糖结合蛋白(MBP)与肝素酶Ⅰ融合性能,通过构建相应的表达质粒pMHS,在大肠杆菌方面实现了肝素酶Ⅰ可溶性表达。通过对LB培养基摇瓶培养E.coliTB1(pMHS)的诱导时机、诱导剂用量以及添加葡萄糖、酵母提取物、乙醇、氯霉素和卡那霉素等一系列培养条件的优化,确定了该可溶性肝素酶融合蛋白MBP-hepA的最佳生产条件。     

黄杆菌肝素酶Ⅱ重组菌培养条件的优化及高密度发酵

黄杆菌肝素酶Ⅱ(HepⅡ)是一类可特异性切割肝素、硫酸乙酰肝素类分子内连接键的酶。文中对黄杆菌肝素酶Ⅱ重组菌的诱导时机、诱导剂添加量、诱导温度、诱导时间等诱导产酶条件进行优化。经过优化最佳摇瓶发酵产酶条件为:37℃培养重组菌至对数生长前期,添加诱导剂IPTG至终浓度为0.3 g/L,20℃下诱导10 h,酶活达到最高,为570 U/L。在此基础上通过发酵罐高密度培养手段将菌体浓度OD600进一步提高到98,酶活大幅度提高到9 436 U/L,该研究结果为HepⅡ的工业化生产与应用奠定了良好的基础。     

肝素酶产生菌的筛选及发酵条件

从土壤中筛选到一株活性较高的肝素酶产生菌株Corynebacterium sp.。培养及产酶最佳条件表明,最适培养基组成(g/L)：胰蛋白胨20,氯化钠1,磷酸氢二钾25,硫酸镁05,麦芽糖20,pH65。最适生长温度27℃,最佳产酶温度31℃。在500mL三角瓶中装40mL培养基,在30℃,200r/min摇床上培养24 h,每升发酵液可产酶1700u。     

多形拟杆菌肝素酶I的SUMO融合表达及酶学特性分析

[目的]克隆多形拟杆菌（Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron）Heparinase I基因,在大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）中进行基因工程表达获得重组酶SUMO-Bt-HepI和Bt-HepI,并研究其酶学特性。[方法]对B.thetaiotaomicron肝素酶I（Bt-HepI）的基因序列进行密码子优化,PCR扩增得到目的基因,构建表达载体pET-28a-Bt-HepI和pE-SUMO-Bt-HepI,并转化至E. coli Rosetta（DE3）进行表达,分别得到重组产物Bt-HepI和SUMO-Bt-HepI,以肝素钠为底物研究两者的酶学性质。[结果]SDS-PAGE检测显示Bt-HepI和SUMO-Bt-HepI的分子量大小分别约为42.5 kDa和55 kDa。与Bt-HepI相比,融合SUMO-Tag后的肝素酶I比酶活提高了48.9%。酶学性质表明：Bt-HepI和SUMO-Bt-HepI的最适pH和温度均为pH 9、45℃,二者在pH 5-9都具有很好的稳定性,但pH<5时,SUMO-Bt-HepI的耐酸性明显高于Bt-HepI。同时,在温度低于50℃时,SUMO-Bt-HepI的比酶活高于Bt-HepI。此外,Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺对重组肝素酶I具有明显的促进作用,而Cu²⁺、Mn²⁺、Zn²⁺则表现出一定的抑制作用,提示在多形拟杆菌肝素酶I的结构中除了存在已知的Ca²⁺结合位点外,可能还存在Mg²⁺的结合位点。[结论]本研究首次将多形拟杆菌来源的肝素酶I和SUMO-Tag进行了融合表达,使其比酶活得到了显著的提高,为其生产应用奠定了基础。     

多形拟杆菌肝素酶Ⅰ的SUMO融合表达及酶学特性分析

【目的】克隆多形拟杆菌(Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron) Heparinase I基因,在大肠杆菌(Escherichiac。")中进行基因工程表达获得重组酶SUMO-Bt-HepI和Bt-HepI,并研究其酶学特性。【方法】对B.thetaiotaomicron肝素酶I (Bt-HepI)的基因序列进行密码子优化,PCR扩增得到目的基因,构建表达载体pET-28a-Bt-HepI和pE-SUMO-Bt-HepI,并转化至E. colt Rosetta (DE3)进行表达,分别得到重组产物Bt-HepI和SUMO-Bt-HepI,以肝素钠为底物研究两者的酶学性质。【结果】SDS-PAGE检测显示Bt-HepI和SUMO-Bt-HepI的分子量大小分别约为42.5 kDa和55 kDa。与Bt-HepI相比,融合SUMO-Tag后的肝素酶I比酶活提高了 48.9%。酶学性质表明:Bt-HepI和SUMO-Bt-HepI的最适pH和温度均为pH 9、45℃,二者在pH 5-9都具有很好的稳定性,但pH<5时,SUMO-Bt-HepI的耐酸性明显高于Bt-HepI0同时,在温度低于50 ℃时,SUMO-Bt-HepI的比酶活高于Bt-Hepl。此外,Ca^2+和Mg^2+对重组肝素酶I具有明显的促进作用,而CU^2+、Mr^2+、Zt^2+则表现出一定的抑制作用,提示在多形拟杆菌肝素酶I的结构中除了存在已知的Ca2+结合位点外,可能还存在Mg2+的结合位点。【结论】本研究首次将多形拟杆菌来源的肝素酶I和SUMO-Tag进行了融合表达,使其比酶活得到了显著的提高,为其生产应用奠定了基础。     

鞘胺醇杆菌肝素酶的产生

肝素类分子是一类结构异常复杂的高度硫酸化的糖胺聚糖,是临床上的一种主要的抗凝剂。除了抗凝血及其相关的抗栓活性以外,肝素还具有多种其他生物学功能,如抗平滑肌细胞及肾小球系膜细胞的增殖^[1]、抗炎症^[2]和阻止肿瘤生长及转移的作用^[3]等。因而肝素可用于防治球囊扩充血管成型术后的血管再狭窄、肾小球系膜细胞增生性肾炎、病理性炎症及肿瘤。但由于完整肝素的抗凝血活性,会引起出血及血小板减少综合症等负作用,限制了肝素在这些方面的临床应用。研究表明,肝素的抗凝血活性依赖于一种独特的肝素五糖序列,约占完整肝素链的1／3,除了五糖序列以外,还需要附近的至少13糖残基,因而不含五糖序列或含五糖序列小于18糖的肝素其抗凝活性大大降低^[4]。而六糖以上的肝素片段就具有抗平滑肌细胞增生、抗炎症及抗肿瘤的活性,并且这些活性与抗凝活性无关。因此,可利用特异性的肝素酶降解肝素长链,产生一系列不同结构及大小的肝素片段,并从中筛选出具有不同生物活性的片段。     

斜纹夜蛾GST基因的原核表达载体构建、融合蛋白表达及Northern印迹分析

谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)是生物体内重要的解毒酶系之一。根据斜纹夜蛾(Spodoptera litura)GST基因设计特异引物,从cDNA文库中扩增GST基因并克隆至pGEM-T载体,经鉴定后经SpeⅠ和EcoRⅠ双酶切后,与表达载体pPROEX HTb连接,转化感受态细胞E.coliDH5α,经PCR鉴定和双酶切鉴定得到阳性重组质粒pPROEX HTb-GST,在IPTG诱导下,获得融合蛋白的表达。经SDS-PAGE蛋白电泳鉴定,表达产物为25KD的GST融合蛋白。Northern杂交结果表明,2龄期斜纹夜蛾GST基因在mRNA水平上的表达量最大,3龄期次之,5龄期时的表达量最小。     

不同浓度阿维菌素对鲤鱼过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶活性的影响

采用半静态水质接触染毒法,研究不同浓度(0、3.2、5.6、7.5、10.0和18.0μg.-1)阿维菌素对鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)肝胰脏和肌肉过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GSTs)活性的影响。结果表明:除3.2μg.L-1浓度对CAT和GSTs活性无显著影响外,其余各浓度的阿维菌素均对鲤鱼组织中CAT和GSTs产生显著影响,总体表现为低浓度诱导,高浓度先诱导后抑制;5.6和7.5μg.L-1浓度组的肌肉CAT活性与对照组相比无显著差异,肝胰脏CAT活性以及肌肉和肝胰脏GSTs活性均显著升高;10.0和18.0μg.L-1浓度组的肌肉和肝胰脏中CAT、GSTs活性先显著升高,随后又显著下降;解除污染胁迫10d,18.0μg.L-1浓度组的肝胰脏中酶活性不能恢复到正常水平,其余各组与对照无显著差异,说明高浓度阿维菌素暴露可能对鲤鱼机体造成不可逆损伤;阿维菌素暴露浓度与其对鲤鱼肝胰脏和肌肉CAT、GSTs活性抑制率之间具有显著的剂量-效应关系,可以考虑将其作为水体中阿维菌素类药物污染的生物标志物;同时,由于鲤鱼受污染胁迫时肌肉CAT、GSTs活性变化的显著性均远低于肝胰脏,因此当考虑...     

Iron(III), chromium(III) and cobalt(II) complexes with squarate: Synthesis, crystal structure and magnetic properties

The preparation and variable temperature-magnetic investigation of three squarate-containing complexes of formula [Fe₂(OH)₂(C₄O₄)₂(H₂O)₄]·2H₂O (1) [Cr₂(OH)₂(C₄O₄)₂(H₂O)₄]·2H₂O (2) and [Co(C₄O₄)(H₂O)₄]_n (3) [H₂C₄O₄ = 3.4-dihydroxycyclobutene-1,2-dione (squaric acid)] together with the crystal structures of 1 and 3 are reported. Complex 1 contains discrete centrosymmetric [Fe₂(OH)₂(C₄O₄)₂(H₂O)₄] diiron(II) units where the iron pairs are joined by a di-μ-hydroxo bridge and two squarate ligands acting as bridging groups through adjacent oxygen atoms. Two coordinated water molecules in cis position complete the octahedral environment at each iron atom in 1. The iron-iron distance with the dinuclear unit is 3.0722(6) Å and the angle at the hydroxo bridge is 99.99(7)°, values which compare well with the corresponding ones in the isostructural compound 2 (2.998 Å and 99.47°) whose structure was reported previously. The crystal structure of 3 contains neutral chains of squarato-O¹,O³-bridged cobalt(II) ions where four coordinated water molecules complete the six-coordination at each cobalt atom. The cobalt-cobalt separation across the squarate bridge is 8.0595(4) Å. A relatively important intramolecular antiferromagnetic coupling occurs in 1 whereas it is very weak in 2, the exchange pathway being the same [J = −14.4 (1) and −0.07 cm⁻¹ (2), the spin Hamiltonian being defined as ]. A weak intrachain antiferromagnetic interaction between the high-spin cobalt(II) ions occurs in 3 (J = −0.30 cm⁻¹). The magnitude and nature of these magnetic interactions are discussed in the light of their respective structures and they are compared with those reported for related systems.     

Polymerization study of o-Si(OH)4 and complexation with Am(III), Eu(III) and Cm(III)

The stability constants of Am⁺³, Cm³⁺ and Eu³⁺ with ortho silicate, were measured at pH 3.50 and in ionic strengths of 0.20-1.00 M (NaClO₄) by the solvent extraction method. The Am⁺³, Cm³⁺ and Eu³⁺ forms 1:1 complex with ortho silicate ion at pH 3.60 with the stability constant (log β₁) value of 8.02 ± 0.10, 7.78 ± 0.08 and 7.81 ± 0.11, respectively. The stability of these metal ions decrease with increased ionic strength from 0.20 to 1.00 M (NaClO₄) for silicic acid concentrations of 0.002-0.020 M. Increasing silicic acid concentration above 0.02 M increased the amount of M³⁺ extracted into the organic phase, contrary to the trend usually observed for increased ligand concentration in solvent extraction. This reversed trend is likely due to the extraction of cationic species of silicic acid by HDEHP. Aging time (60-300 min) had no effect on the stability constant of these metal ions for 0.002-0.020 M silicic acid at pH 3.50 and I = 0.20 M (NaClO₄).The fraction of polymeric silicic acid present in solutions of 0.20-4.50 M NaClO₄ solutions at pH 3.0-10.0, T = 0-60 °C and aging time = 5-300 min was measured for determination of the silicomolybdate reaction to ascertain the proper conditions to study metal-silicate complexation.     

融合蛋白GST-Ulp1p在大肠杆菌中的高效可溶性表达及其活性鉴定

利用基因工程技术,体外重组小分子类泛素修饰蛋白酶1(Ulp1)的活性片段,获得高表达、高特异性重组蛋白酶。从酿酒酵母Saccharomyces cerevisia中提取Ulp1编码第403到621个氨基酸残基之间的DNA片段(Ulp1p),在其C端加入6×His并连接到大肠杆菌表达载体pGEX中,构建重组表达质粒pGEX-Ulp1p-his6。将重组质粒转化至大肠杆菌Rosetta(DE3)中,氨苄青霉素抗性筛选转化子。表达、纯化后,以SUMO融合蛋白检测其活性。经过优化,该蛋白可溶性表达,表达量占菌体总蛋白的40.12%。可通过谷胱甘肽琼脂糖凝胶柱或Ni-NTA凝胶亲和层析纯化得到纯度98%的蛋白。经酶切分析,比活力为1.375×104U/mg。融合蛋白GST-Ulp1p-His6无需切除谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST)标签,具有很高的活性,制备简易;6×His标签,有利于底物蛋白切割后纯化,减少蛋白损失。本研究为制备高活力的SUMO蛋白酶提供了一个新方法。     

Secondary ligand-metal interactions in rhodium(III) and iridium(III) phosphoramidite complexes

The synthesis, characterization, and application in asymmetric catalytic cyclopropanation of Rh(III) and Ir(III) complexes containing (S_a,R_C,R_C)-O,O′-[1,1′-binaphthyl-2,2′-diyl]-N,N′-bis[1-phenyl-ethyl]phosphoramidite (1) are reported. The X-ray structures of the half-sandwich complexes [MCl₂(C₅Me₅)(1,κP)] (M = Rh, 2a; M = Ir, 2b) show that the metal-phosphoramidite bond is significantly shorter in the Ir(III) analog. Chloride abstraction from 2a (with CF₃SO₃SiMe₃ or with CF₃SO₃Me) and from 2b (with AgSbF₆) gives the cationic species [MCl(C₅Me₅)(1,2-η-1,κP)]⁺ (M = Rh, 3a; M = Ir, 3b), which display a secondary interaction between the metal and a dangling phenethyl group (NCH(CH₃)Ph) of the phosphoramidite ligand, as indicated by NMR spectroscopic studies. Complexes 3a and 3b slowly decompose in solution. In the case of 3b, the binuclear species [Ir₂Cl₃(C₅Me₅)₂]⁺ is slowly formed, as indicated by an X-ray study. Preliminary catalytic tests showed that 3a cyclopropanates styrene with moderate yield (35%) and diastereoselectivity (70:30 trans:cis ratio) and with 32% ee (for the trans isomer).     

Mononuclear single helices of lanthanum(III) and europium(III). Metal dependent diastereomeric excess

Using the 1:2 condensate of benzildihydrazone and 2-acetylpyridine as a tetradentate N donor ligand L, LaL(NO₃)₃ (1) and EuL(NO₃)₃ (2), which are pale yellow in colour, are synthesized. While single crystals of 1 could not be obtained, 2 crystallises as a monodichloromethane solvate, 2·CH₂Cl₂ in the space group Cc with a = 11.7099(5) Å, b = 16.4872(5) Å, c = 17.9224(6) Å and β = 104.048(4)°. From the X-ray crystal structure, 2 is found to be a rare example of monohelical complex of Eu(III). Complex 1 is diamagnetic. The magnetic moment of 2 at room temperature is 3.32 BM. Comparing the FT-IR spectra of 1 and 2, it is concluded that 1 also is a mononuclear single helix. ¹H NMR reveals that both 1 and 2 are mixtures of two diastereomers. In the case of the La(III) complex (1), the diastereomeric excess is only 10% but in the Eu(III) complex 2 it is 80%. The occurrence of diastereomerism is explained by the chiralities of the helical motif and the type of pentakis chelates present in 1 and 2.     

陆地棉GST基因家族全基因组分析

谷胱甘肽转移酶(glutathione-S-transferase, GST)是一种普遍存在的具有多功能的超家族蛋白,在植物初次生代谢、逆境胁迫、胞间信号传递等方面具有重要作用;同时,作为配体其在植物激素代谢以及物质转运方面也发挥作用。为了解析陆地棉(Gossypium hirsutum L.) GST基因家族的信息,本研究对该基因家族成员的种类、进化关系、物理定位、基因结构和保守基序以及表达模式进行了分析。结果显示,在陆地棉全基因组中共含有70个GST基因,进化树和基因结构分析将该家族分为U族、F族、T族、Z族、EF1Bγ族和TCHQD族。基因定位分析发现,除了AD/At2、AD/At4、AD/At5、AD/Dt5、AD/Dt10号染色体上没有GST基因外,其他染色体上都有GST基因,并且在AD/At9、AD/Dt7、AD/Dt12、AD/Dt13这4条染色体上出现基因簇。对F族(Phi类) 9个GST基因进行荧光定量分析,结果表明,除GhGSTF1可能为假基因外,GhGSTF2~9等8个基因在陆地棉根、茎、叶以及各个发育时期的纤维中均有表达;结合生物信息学分析,推测GhGSTF8可能参与原花青素/花青素的转运和积累;GhGSTF4、GhGSTF6和GhGSTF9可能在调节陆地棉的生长和胁迫反应中起作用,而GhGSTF2、GhGSTF3、GhGSTF5和GhGSTF7的功能还有待进一步研究。本研究为陆地棉GST基因家族的分子进化及功能研究提供了理论依据。     

重组人SNX9蛋白在大肠杆菌中的表达、纯化及性质分析

SNX9是近年发现的一种蛋白分选与转运蛋白, 属于SNX家族。将原核表达载体pET-SNX9重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),IPTG诱导表达可获得分子量为70 kD的融合蛋白,Western blotting结果证明此蛋白即为目的蛋白,经检测融合蛋白主要以可溶形式表达。表达产物通过亲和层析和分子筛层析两步纯化,可以获得纯度超过95％的SNX9融合蛋白。分子筛层析中蛋白的出峰体积显示SNX9融合蛋白是以二聚体形式存在。Native-PAGE和动态光散射实验均显示其具有良好的均一性。热稳定性实验表明SNX9蛋白在15 ℃以下基本稳定。这些信息为进一步研究SNX9 的结构和功能具有重要的指导意义。     

Adsorptive characteristics of iron(III) onto hydrous manganese dioxide in model lake water under acidic conditions

The adsorption of iron(III) onto hydrous manganese dioxide was studied in the model water of Lake Tjeukemeer, The Netherlands, as a function of pH under the condition where no precipitation of iron(III) hydroxide occurs.Adsorption isotherms obtained in the pH range 3.5–5.0, fitted the Langmuir equation. Langmuir constants were strongly pH-dependent and increased with an increase in pH.Especially, the value for the conditional adsorption binding constant for iron(III), log B, was relatively high compared to that for copper in natural water. The extent of iron(III) adsorbed was more affected by the surface loading at lower pH. According to the Kurbatov plot, the average number of protons released to solution per mole of iron(III) adsorbed was estimated to be 2.2.     

谷胱甘肽S-转移酶的诱导表达及提纯

含有日本血吸虫谷胱甘肽S -转移酶基因的质粒 pGEX - 5X - 1在大肠杆菌BL2 1 (DE3)菌株中得到表达。 37℃[1 ]下用 1 %乳糖诱导谷胱甘肽S -转移酶 (GST)的最适表达时间为 3h。盐析粗提酶液并以Habig法[2 ] 监测GST的活性 ,用pH6 .0 ,饱和度为 30 %硫酸铵去除杂蛋白 ,并调 pH7.5 ,饱和度 70 %硫酸铵使GST大量析出并保持活性。用透析法脱盐 ,并用Sephadex -G5 0凝胶对GST进行了初步纯化。初步探讨了GST的保存方法