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1.
Summary Vitrification is a technically simple method for cryopreserving plant germplasm, requiring only the application of suitable cryoprotectants and rapid cooling rates. Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam.) shoot tips obtained from in vitro plants survived liquid nitrogen (–196°C) exposure following a vitrification-inducing pretreatment. Shoot tips were treated in a stepwise manner with a vitrification solution containing 30% glycerol, 15% ethylene glycol and 15% dimethylsulfoxide in growth medium. Incubation of shoot tips for 1 to 2 h in low concentrations of the vitrification solution enhanced survival. Most surviving shoot tips developed callus, and a variable percentage subsequently formed shoots. Survival was not achieved using two-step cooling procedures. The percentage of shoot tips surviving vitrification and those subsequently forming a shoot varied widely among replications.Abbreviations BA
N6-benzyladenine
- IBA
indole-3-butyric acid
- EG
ethylene glycol
- DMSO
dimethylsulfoxide
- MS
Murashige and Skoog (1962) minerals and vitamins
- LN
liquid nitrogen
- PI
plant introduction 相似文献
2.
K. M. Templeton-Somers W. W. Collins 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1986,71(6):835-841
Summary A population of open-pollinated progeny from 12 parents, and the 12 parents, was surveyed for in vitro growth and regeneration characteristics. Four different tissue culture procedures involving different media and the use of different explants to initiate the cultures were used. Petiole explants from young leaves were used as explants for initiation of callus cultures. These were evaluated for callus growth rate, friability, and callus color and texture, before transferring to each of three different regeneration media for evaluation of morphogenetic potential. Small shoot tips also were used to initiate callus cultures, which were evaluated for the same growth characteristics and transferred to growth-regulator free regeneration media. Regeneration occurred through root or shoot regeneration or through embryogenesis. Tissue culture treatment effects, as well as genotypic effects, were highly significant in determining: the types of callus produced, callus growth rates, color and texture on the two types of media used for the second and third subcultures. The family x treatment interaction was generally not statistically significant, affecting only callus color. Estimates of narrow sense heritability for callus growth rate in both the second and third subcultures were high enough (0.35 and 0.63, respectively) for the evaluation of parental lines for selection procedures. These characteristics were also the only early culture callus traits that were consistently correlated with later morphogenesis of the cultures. They were negatively correlated with root or shoot regeneration. The occurence of somatic embryogenesis was not correlated with early callus growth characteristics. Genetic and treatment effects were highly significant in the evaluation of morphogenetic potential, through root or shoot regeneration, or through embryogenesis. Regeneration of all types was of low frequency for all procedures, expressed in 11% of the cultures of the total population.Paper No. 9906 of the Journal Series of the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service, Raleigh, NC 27695-7601, USA. From a thesis submitted by the senior in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree 相似文献
3.
The potential of sweet potato as an alternative crop for bioethanol production has been assessed. We evaluated the amount of soluble sugars, starch and cell wall polysaccharides in tubers of three sweet potato cultivars characterized by different pulp and peel colouration: “Yellow yam” with yellow flesh and brown peel, “White yam” with white flesh and white peel and “Orange yam” with orange flesh and brown peel. The results confirm the high concentration of carbohydrates in sweet potato tubers, especially “Yellow yam”, mainly in the form of starch (67%) and soluble sugars (26%). “Yellow yam”, which is the most widespread cultivar in Salento, appeared the best choice as biomass for bioethanol production. It is characterized by high productivity (20–40 tons/ha year). Results also suggest that “Yellow yam” cultivar has great potential as a bioethanol source in southern Italy with an estimated agroindustrial production yield higher than 2032 l/ha year. 相似文献
4.
S. Al-Mazrooei M. H. Bhatti G. G. Henshaw N. J. Taylor D. Blakesley 《Plant cell reports》1997,16(10):710-714
Culture procedures have been developed to facilitate the induction and maintenance of somatic embryogenic tissues in 14 out
of 16 tested cultivars of sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam]. Both the size of the axillary bud explant and the type of auxin were found to be critical for the successful induction
of somatic embryogenesis. Of the five auxins screened 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4-D and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic
acid were the most effective, with use of the latter inducing the production of embryogenic tissues in 7 cultivars which responded
poorly or not at all to 2,4-D. Procedures for secondary/cyclic embryogenesis, formation of mature embryos and their conversion
to plants are also described.
Received: 24 September 1996 / Revision received: 16 December 1996 / Accepted 27 January 1997 相似文献
5.
6.
Cryopreservation of shoot tips from in vitro plants of sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] by vitrification 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Routine cryopreservation of shoot tips from sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] has been hampered by their survival variability after cryogenic exposure. We examined the effects of light conditions
on stock plants, sucrose preculture and cryoprotectant loading on survival after vitrification using PVS2 solution. The survival
of vitrified sweet potato shoot tips cooled to approximately –208 °C was increased by preculturing with 0.3 M sucrose for 24 h at 22 °C. Survival was also enhanced by excising shoot tips immediately after the 8-h dark photoperiod.
The best survival after cryogenic exposure was obtained using 2 M glycerol +0.4 M sucrose for 1 h at 22 °C followed by dehydration with PVS2 for 16 min at 22 °C. Rapid cooling was used and achieved by
the immersion of foil strips into partially solidified nitrogen. Successfully vitrified and warmed shoot tips directly developed
shoots on a medium containing 1 μM NAA, 0.5 μM BA and 0.1 μM kinetin with only minimum callus formation. Shoot formation occurred in all surviving shoot tips. This procedure shows promise
for cryopreserving sweet potato shoot tips.
Received: 2 March 1999 / Revision received: 21 September 1999 / Accepted: 29 September 1999 相似文献
7.
J. M. Cavalcante Alves D. Sihachakr M. Allot S. Tizroutine I. Mussio A. Servaes G. Ducreux 《Plant cell reports》1994,13(8):437-441
Summary The potential of somatic embryogenesis was evaluated for 10 cultivars of sweet potato through extensive embryogenic response and isozyme analysis. Embryogenic callus was induced by incubating lateral buds on Murashige and Skoog medium containing 10 M 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid for 6–8 weeks. The frequency of embryogenic response was low, and varied with genotypes, ranging from 0 to 17%. Embryo to plantlet formation could be enhanced by the use of the combination of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid with kinetin, both used at 0.01 M. Embryogenic callus with its potential of plantlet formation has constantly been maintained for over two years. However, after several subcultures, 0.5 to 12% of embryogenic callus reverted irreversibly into friable fast-growing non-embryogenic callus whose ability to regenerate shoots was then definitively lost. The isozymes of esterase, peroxidase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and acid phosphatase investigated in this study were found appropriate to distinguish compact embryogenic from friable non-embryogenic callus in sweet potato. In fact, the callus reversion was associated with a loss of bands or a decline in isozyme activity. On the contrary, very small changes in isozyme activity or no specific changes at all were observed during the differentiation of embryogenic callus into globular embryos.Abbreviations Acp
acid phosphatase
- BAP
6-benzylaminopurine
- cv
cultivar
- df
degree of freedom
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- Est
esterase
- Got
glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- MS
Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium
- Prx
peroxidase
- Tris
tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane 相似文献
8.
The inhibitory effects of abscisic acid (ABA) on in vitro growth and development of axillary buds from nodal segments of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) was investigated. ABA at concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 or 10.0 mg 1-1 inhibited axillary bud and root development and subsequent plantlet growth. ABA at 10 mg 1-1 completely inhibited axillary shoot development but did not affect the viability of cv. Jewel explants over a culture period of 365 days. Transfer of nodal segments cultured for 90, 180 or 365 days from basal medium containing 10 mg 1-1 ABA to growth regulator-free media resulted in rapid and normal plantlet development. Gibberellic acid at 0.1, 1.0 or 10.0 mg 1-1 in the presence of ABA at 0.1, 1.0 or 10.0 mg 1-1 did not counteract the ABA-induced growth inhibition. Although ABA totally inhibited the growth of 6 sweet potato plant introductions at a concentration of 10.0 mg 1-1, the efficacy of ABA as a suppressant of shoot growth varied with genotype.Abbreviations ABA
abscisic acid
- GA
gibberellic acid
- cDNA
complementary DNA
- PI
plant introduction
- SE
standard error 相似文献
9.
The need for conservation of biotic diversity is well recognized. However, improved techniques for the efficient, cost effective-preservation of plant germplasm are needed. The conservation and distribution of plant germplasm in vitro is gaining acceptance. However, increased usage is dependent upon the ability of curators to minimize culture maintenance requirements. This report examines the effect of various levels of sucrose, photoperiod, temperature, sorbitol and mannitol on minimal growth storage of Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. Growth was reduced 50% with a temperature reduction of from 21.1 to 15.6°C. Sucrose concentrations of 15 and 20 g l-1 resulted in reduced plant stature with few adverse effects on plantlet viability or morphology. Reduction of photoperiod from 16 to 4 h produced smaller, slightly chlorotic, but otherwise normal plants. The addition of sorbitol or mannitol to culture media generally produced undesirable effects on gross plant morphology and loss of apical dominance. Genotype x growth retarding treatment interactions were observed for all variables examined.Abbreviations PL
plant introduction
- f.w.
fresh weight
- SE
standard error 相似文献
10.
M. H. Bhatti T. Percival C. D. M. Davey G. G. Henshaw D. Blakesley 《Plant cell reports》1997,16(11):802-806
Embryogenic tissue of nine sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] genotypes from Asia, Africa and the Americas was established from in vitro axillary buds on Murashige and Skoog
medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid or 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Embryogenic aggregates, 1.0–2.0
mm in diameter, were encapsulated in alginate gel, precultured on medium containing elevated levels of sucrose and dehydrated
prior to rapid freezing in liquid nitrogen. The maximum survival of embryogenic tissue ranged from 4% to 38%, depending on
the genotype. With the incorporation of a slow-cooling step, survival was generally much higher than that obtained after rapid
freezing alone. Five of eight genotypes tested with this protocol gave survival percentages in excess of 55%, and a further
two in excess of 33%, all after evaporative dehydration. The most effective sucrose treatment(s), however, varied with the
genotype.
Received: 7 October 1996 / Revision received: 16 December 1996 / Accepted 27 January 1997 相似文献
11.
Glutaredoxins (Grx) play an important role in reduction of protein glutathione mixed disulphides. An IbGrx cDNA (561 bp, EF362614 ) encoding a putative dithiol Grx was cloned from sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam). The deduced amino acid sequence is conserved among the reported dithiol Grx, having a CGYC dithiol motif at the active site. A 3‐D structural model was created based on the known crystal structure of a poplar Grx (GrxC1). To characterise the IbGrx protein, the coding region was subcloned into an expression vector and transformed into Escherichia coli. The recombinant His6‐tagged IbGrx was expressed and purified by metal affinity chromatography. The purified enzyme showed a monomeric band, as demonstrated with 15% SDS‐PAGE. The Michaelis constant (KM) for ß‐hydroxyethyl disulphide (HED) was 0.50 ± 0.08 Mm . The enzyme retained 60% activity at 80 °C for 16 min. The enzyme was active over a broad pH range from 6.0 to 11.0, and in the presence of imidazole up to 0.4 M . The enzyme was susceptible to protease. 相似文献
12.
Sang-Gyu Seo Ji-Seong Kim Seung-Won Kang Mi-Rae Shin You-Sun Yang Gung-Pyo Lee Jin-Sung Hong Sun-Hyung Kim 《Plant biotechnology reports》2008,2(4):253-258
The cDNA of the touch-induced genes (TCH) of the sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] has been cloned and analyzed. IbTCH1, which exists as at least two-copy genes in the genome of the sweet potato, encodes for 148-amino acid polypeptides, and
harbors four conversed Ca2+-binding motif EF-hands. IbTCH1 was shown to be expressed in the flower, leaf, thick pigmented root, and particularly in the white fibrous root, but expressed
only weakly in the petiole. IbTCH1 is upregulated upon exposure to environmental stresses, dehydration, and jasmonic acid. Furthermore, IbTCH1 is developmentally regulated in the leaf and root. These results strongly indicate that the gene performs functions in both
plant development and in defense/stress-signaling pathways. 相似文献
13.
14.
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) embryos excised from the fertilized ovules of 6- to 12-day-old capsules were cultured on MS medium supplemented with NAA, BA, GA separately and in combinations. GA was found essential for initial morphogenesis of globular and heart stages. Seedlings were recovered from late globular stage onwards but recovery was best from advanced embryo stages. Differentiated embryos produced multiple shoots on MS medium +1M NAA÷2M BA +0.5M GA. 相似文献
15.
Synergistic interactions of begomoviruses with Sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (genus Crinivirus) in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) 下载免费PDF全文
Three hundred and ninety‐four sweet potato accessions from Latin America and East Africa were screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of begomoviruses, and 46 were found to be positive. All were symptomless in sweet potato and generated leaf curling and/or chlorosis in Ipomoea setosa. The five most divergent isolates, based on complete genome sequences, were used to study interactions with Sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (SPCSV), known to cause synergistic diseases with other viruses. Co‐infections led to increased titres of begomoviruses and decreased titres of SPCSV in all cases, although the extent of the changes varied notably between begomovirus isolates. Symptoms of leaf curling only developed temporarily in combination with isolate StV1 and coincided with the presence of the highest begomovirus concentrations in the plant. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) sequence analysis revealed that co‐infection of SPCSV with isolate StV1 led to relatively increased siRNA targeting of the central part of the SPCSV genome and a reduction in targeting of the genomic ends, but no changes to the targeting of StV1 relative to single infection of either virus. These changes were not observed in the interaction between SPCSV and the RNA virus Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (genus Potyvirus), implying specific effects of begomoviruses on RNA silencing of SPCSV in dually infected plants. Infection in RNase3‐expressing transgenic plants showed that this protein was sufficient to mediate this synergistic interaction with DNA viruses, similar to RNA viruses, but exposed distinct effects on RNA silencing when RNase3 was expressed from its native virus, or constitutively from a transgene, despite a similar pathogenic outcome. 相似文献
16.
17.
A. G. Connolly I. D. Godwin M. Cooper I. H. DeLacy 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1994,88(3-4):332-336
In this paper we present a method for the generation of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers for sweet potato. These were applied to produce genetic fingerprints of six clonal cultivars and to estimate genetic distances between these cultivars. The level of polymorphism within the species was extremely high. From the 36-decamer random primers used, 170 fragments were amplified, of which 132 (77.6%) were polymorphic. Ten primers resulted in no detected amplification. Of the remaining 26 primers for which amplification was achieved, only one did not reveal polymorphism. Six primers used alone enabled the discrimination of all six genotypes. Pattern analysis, which employed both a classification and ordination method, enabled the grouping of cultivars and the identification of primers which gave greatest discrimination among the cultivars. 相似文献
18.
19.
Raymond P. Chée Daniel J. Cantliffe 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1989,25(8):757-760
Summary High numbers of embryos are difficult to obtain in liquid cultures of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) because discrete cell aggregates, produced through calli fragmentation, do not support embryo growth. In an effort
to demonstrate that embryo development is possible from discrete cell aggregates, we compared embryo formation from cell aggregates
250–355 μm in diameter cultured either in suspension in liquid medium, on agar solidified medium, or immobilized on alginate
beads floated in liquid medium. Embryos were initiated but remained arrested in their globular stage on cell aggregates cultured
in suspension. Embryos developed to the torpedo stage from cell aggregates cultured on solidified medium and from cell aggregates
anchored on alginate beads. Thus, embryos continued to develop beyond the globular stage when a structural polarity, which
led probably to the establishment of a physiological polarity, was created. The production of sweet potato embryos in liquid
culture can be improved by using alginate beads or culture conditions and protocols leading to the release during calli fragmentation
of polarized individual cell aggregates.
This work was supported in part by a IFAS/Gas Research Institute cooperative grant. Florida Agriculture Experiment Station
Journal Series 9297 相似文献
20.
This paper presents estimates of yield for effort of the cultivar, ‘Taputini,’ which is sweet potato that was eaten by the
Māori of New Zealand before European contact in the 18th century. The two experimental archaeology gardens were planted at
sites on either side of Cook Strait: the one with clay soils is on the South Island at Robin Hood Bay; the one with sandy
soils is at Whatarangi on the North Island. The records of labor input required to cultivate these gardens over seven years
for Robin Hood Bay and six years for Whatarangi compared with crop yields provide data on the economics of pre-European kũmara
gardening. Also reported are some of the properties of the soil. These gardens produced an average of 12 metric tons (1,000
kilograms=1 metric ton) per hectare (ha), which is not much less than contemporary yields for modern cultivars and 3 to 4
times most previous estimates of pre-European production. 相似文献