双链DNA模板循环测序的研究

采用末端标记引物进行双链ＤＮＡ循环测序是实验室快速,准确获得双链ＤＮＡ模板序列的有效方法。实验结果表明：该测序法不仅能消除由于模板不纯所导致的引物的非特异性结合等因素而产生的非特异条带,而且能降低ＰＣＲ产物测序的背景问题。     

一种纯化双链DNA测序模板的有效方法

以变性质粒ＤＮＡ为模板的核苷酸序列分析（又称双链ＤＮＡ测序）的结果会受到诸多因素的影响。然而,模板的制备及其纯度显得尤为重要。本试验对以三种方法纯化的质粒为模板的测序结果作了比较,结果显示．能为普通实验室所采纳的二氧化硅吸附法操作上简单、重复性好,其结果可与Ｍ１３顺序分析系统相媲美。     

DNA测序中常见影响因素的研究

对测序中的模板、引物、测序反应条件及测序反应纯化方法和仪器操作等进行研究。结果显示测序模板的纯度影响测序的质量 ,浓度对测序的长度有影响。引物设计时除符合一般设计原则外 ,Tm值最好在5 0℃～ 6 0℃之间 ,且无成串的G、C。改变变性、退火、延伸的时间和温度对特殊DNA模板的序列测定有较好的效果。测序反应产物的纯化有几种方法 ,以 70 %乙醇沉淀法最经济、方便。因此模板的纯度和浓度对测序成功与否起决定作用。最佳反应条件可降低成本 ,提高测序成功率 ,乙醇沉淀法是首选的测序反应产物纯化方法。仪器操作熟练、正确与否也会影响测序结果。     

新型的NDA序列测定策略：PCR产物直接测序

ＤＮＡ序列的测定在现代分子生物学中的应用越来越广泛 ,传统的模板制备方法是将待测序列的ＤＮＡ片段插入质粒或病毒载体中 ,然后让其在宿主细菌细胞中增殖。尽管这套方法已被简化和标准化 ,但由于其涉及到活细胞的保存和使用 ,不可避免地会带来诸如载体和宿主细胞基因发生突变等不利影响。而用ＰＣＲ技术直接从基因组或克隆片段制备测序模板 ,可以完全避免细菌培养、模板提取等重复性操作 ,也克服了以上弊端 ;由于ＰＣＲ技术快速、简便 ,在检测人类遗传病的基因突变时 ,需要比较患者和正常人中的突变分布情况 ,应用ＰＣＲ直接测序技术就能…     

太湖新银鱼线粒体DNA的制备

建立了适合太湖新银鱼等小型鱼类ｍｔＤＮＡ分离纯化的有效方法。改进匀浆条件,采用ＤＮａｓｅＩ和ＲＮａｓｅ纯化方法,可用常规方法由小量太湖新银鱼中制备出ｍｔＤＮＡ。采用改进的碱裂解法,能够在２小时内由单尾太湖新银鱼中快速分离纯化出适于限制性分析用的ｍｔＤＮＡ。     

应用ABI PRISMTM310测序仪进行快速且经济的DNA测序

目的 使DNA测序更快速且经济。方法 根据测序模板的不同采取相应的测序方法。视具体情况调整测序反应条件,改进仪器的操作方法,减少测序反应体系及合理使用试剂,结果 对测序模板,测序条件和仪器操作的优化,可缩短测序时间,充分利用试剂,可降低测序成本。结论 在保证测序质量的前提下,不仅快速而且经济。     

一种快速、简便、高效cDNA合成及克隆策略

以鱼呼肠孤病毒双链ＲＮＡ为模板,建立一种快速、简便、高效的ｃＤＮＡ合成及克隆策略。在一定量模板条件下,采用随机六聚体为引物合成ｃＤＮＡ第一链。以退火方式形成双链ｃＤＮＡ,直接通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测其ｃＤＮＡ合成产量。双链ｃＤＮＡ经两端补齐后,平头连接于具有阳性选择标记的载体中,以高效电转化的方式进行快速克隆。     

栖热菌属热稳定DNA聚合酶

ＤＮＡ聚合酶是能够以ＤＮＡ或ＲＮＡ为模板 ,在寡核苷酸或蛋白质引物的引导下催化合成ＤＮＡ的一类酶 ,已经分离纯化的有上百种 ,其中有半数已经被克隆和测序。它们之间在ＤＮＡ序列、氨基酸序列、二、三级结构方面有较高的同源性 ,且与ＲＮＡ聚合酶和反转录酶之间也有不同程度的同源性[1～ 4] 。1　ＤＮＡ聚合酶的分类ＤＮＡ聚合酶有许多不同的类群 ,如很小的 (3 9ｋＤａ) ,来自哺乳动物的修复性单亚基ＤＮＡ聚合酶 ,巨大的 (可高达 90 0ｋＤａ)、多亚基(可达 2 0多个亚基 )的复制性ＤＮＡ聚合酶 (如Ｅｃｏ聚合酶Ⅲ )。有些ＤＮＡ聚合酶则…     

促髓细胞分化的锌指基因单向PCR扩增直接测序的研究

锌指基因是一种造血调节基因,编码锌指结构蛋白,主要在髓细胞中表达,促进髓细胞分化,在急性早幼粒白血病维甲酸治疗中,促使病情缓解。本文报道了我们从基因分子上研究锌指基因作用中,探索并建立了单向聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）扩增特定单链ＤＮＡ,直接测序的新方法。它能产生质和量均佳的单链ＤＮＡ,无需纯化即可直接用于测序,使复杂的测序研究简便易行,可在２,３天内完成。这种单向ＰＣＲ扩增特定单链ＤＮＡ直接测序的方法,经对锌指基因的ｃＤＮＡ测序,得到验证。此法不仅适用于疾病研究中的ＤＮＡ测序,还可制各单链ＤＮＡ探针,更利于基因结构组成的研究。     

人端粒酶逆转录酶（hTERT）基因第3内含子的克隆 …

从端粒酶活性呈性阳的水生细胞株人肺ＳＣＰ－Ａ－１中分离了总ＲＮＡ,以此为模板,结合ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ技术和长模板ＰＣＲ技术,用ｈＴＥＲＴ基因特异性引物扩增到一长约２．２ｋｂ的ｃＤＮＡ片段。将该片纯化后克隆到通用测序本Ｔ－ｅａｓｙ ｖｅｃｔｏｒ上得到重组质粒。用测引物ＳＰ６和Ｔ７对该片段进行部分双向测序。经序列分析和同源比较推测该片段包含了ｈＴＥＲＴ基因的第３内含子。该结果提示了ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ技术和长模板Ｐ     

TempliPhi: A Sequencing Template Preparation Procedure That Eliminates Overnight Cultures and DNA Purification

Preparing plasmid templates for DNA sequencing is the most time-consuming step in the sequencing process. Current template preparation methods rely on a labor-intensive, multistep procedure that takes up to 24 h and produces templates of varying quality and quantity. The TempliPhi™ DNA Sequencing Template Amplification Kit eliminates the requirement for extended bacterial growth prior to sequencing and saves laboratory personnel hands-on time by eliminating the centrifugation and transfer steps currently required by older preparatory methods. In addition, costly purification filters and columns are not necessary, as amplified product can be added directly to a sequencing reaction. Starting material can be any circular template from a colony, culture, glycerol stock, or plaque. Based on rolling circle amplification and employing bacteriophage Phi29 DNA polymerase, the method can produce 3–5 μg of template directly from a single bacterial colony in as little as 4 h. Implementation of these procedures in a laboratory or core sequencing facility can decrease cost on tips, plates, and other plasticware, while at the same time increase throughput.     

A cost-effective plasmid purification protocol suitable for fluorescent automated DNA sequencing

A cost-effective, reliable, and reproducible method has been developed to produce good-quality, double-stranded plasmid DNA for automated sequence analysis. The method incorporates modifications to a previously described plasmid-purification protocol used in manual sequencing. The quality of the DNA produced from the present protocol is suitable for automated fluorescent sequencing. Using a dye-terminator sequencing protocol, most runs using plasmid DNA prepared using this protocol produced over 700 bases with greater than 99% base-calling accuracy.     

利用Taq DNA聚合酶对PCR产物直接进行顺序分析

Taq DNA聚合酶具有反应速度快、温度作用范围广及良好的续进性等特点,可视为一种理想的DNA顺序分析酶。本文首先对非对称性PCR扩增过程中单、双链DNA产物的积累情况进行了分析,然后采用标记延伸二步法,对Taq DNA聚合酶的性质及影响因素进行分析。为进一步改进Taq DNA聚合酶测序的方法,本反应建立了“Klenow-型”的直接掺入标记同位素测序法,即在反应液中加入与标记核苷酸相应的一定浓度的冷dNTP。此法不但解决了二步法中引物后部分DNA顺序无法读出的缺点,而且简化了反应步骤,亦能得到令人满意的顺序分析结果,每次可读出至少400碱基的序列。     

Construction of Templates for Sequencing Extended DNA Fragments

A rapid and convenient method was proposed for constructing insertional mutants in the sequencing of extended DNA fragments. The gist is insertion of an antibiotic resistance gene in plasmid DNA digested with DNase I. DNase I provides for a uniform distribution of insertion sites along the plasmid, and the background is low owing to antibiotic-based selection. The method requires neither high quality nor large amounts of plasmid DNA (which is especially important with low-copied plasmids), yields the results independent of the plasmid nucleotide sequence, and allows highly accurate analysis and ordering of the insertional mutants.     

Adaptation of a Silica Membrane-based Kit for Purification of Sequencing-ready BAC DNA

We describe a modification of a protocol for the isolation of BAC DNA using a silica membrane-based kit designed for the isolation of plasmid DNA. The major advantages of this protocol are the expediency of the procedure, the high yield and purity, and the high quality of the BAC DNA that is suitable for direct sequencing.     

DNA barcodes from century‐old type specimens using next‐generation sequencing

Type specimens have high scientific importance because they provide the only certain connection between the application of a Linnean name and a physical specimen. Many other individuals may have been identified as a particular species, but their linkage to the taxon concept is inferential. Because type specimens are often more than a century old and have experienced conditions unfavourable for DNA preservation, success in sequence recovery has been uncertain. This study addresses this challenge by employing next‐generation sequencing (NGS) to recover sequences for the barcode region of the cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene from small amounts of template DNA. DNA quality was first screened in more than 1800 century‐old type specimens of Lepidoptera by attempting to recover 164‐bp and 94‐bp reads via Sanger sequencing. This analysis permitted the assignment of each specimen to one of three DNA quality categories – high (164‐bp sequence), medium (94‐bp sequence) or low (no sequence). Ten specimens from each category were subsequently analysed via a PCR‐based NGS protocol requiring very little template DNA. It recovered sequence information from all specimens with average read lengths ranging from 458 bp to 610 bp for the three DNA categories. By sequencing ten specimens in each NGS run, costs were similar to Sanger analysis. Future increases in the number of specimens processed in each run promise substantial reductions in cost, making it possible to anticipate a future where barcode sequences are available from most type specimens.     

应用PCR技术定向引入DNA小片段的策略

描述一种应用PCR技术定向引入DNA小片段和特异酶切位点的方法。为了获得m2/loxp66EGFPloxp71基因片段。根据EGFP基因序列,设计一对特异引物,上、下游引物分别引入m2/loxp66、loxp71序列和Xhol、Mlu1酶切位点。以pEGFPN1质粒为模板,采用PCR扩增以合成DNA双链,插入到克隆载体pMD18T。对重组子测序结果表明,实现了DNA小片段和酶切位点的定向引入。     

DNA sequencing research group: 2006 general survey of DNA sequencing facilities.

Over the past few years, technological advances in automated DNA sequencing have had a profound effect on the nature of DNA sequencing laboratories. To characterize the changes occurring within DNA sequencing facilities, the DNA Sequencing Research Group conducted three previous studies, in 1998, 2000, and 2003. A new general survey has been designed and conducted by the DSRG to capture the current status of DNA sequencing facilities in all sectors. Included were questions regarding facility administration, pricing, instrumentation, technology, protocols, and operation. The results of the survey are presented here, accompanied by comparisons to the previous surveys. These comparisons formed a basis for the discussion of trends within the facilities in response to the dynamics of a changing technology.     

DNA测序技术概述

DNA测序技术作为现代生命科学研究的核心技术之一,自上世纪70年代中期DNA发明以来发展迅速。我们简要综述现有的几代DNA测序技术的原理及其发展历程,并对未来可能出现的第三代测序进行预测。