随机-半理性组合突变改造ω-转氨酶催化合成(R)-1-(1-萘基)乙胺

(R)-1-(1-萘基)乙胺是合成拟钙剂药物盐酸西那卡塞的关键手性中间体,利用ω-转氨酶不对称还原1-萘乙酮合成(R)-1-(1-萘基)乙胺具有较好的应用前景。文中针对节杆菌属Arthrobacter sp.来源的ω-转氨酶,采用随机突变和半理性设计相结合的策略,获得了催化效率和热稳定性提高的突变酶F225M、C281I和F225M/C281I。与WT相比,双突变体F225M/C281I的kcat提高85%,Km下降56%,催化效率kcat/Km提高3.42倍。此外,F225M/C281I催化10mmol/L1-萘乙酮反应24h的转化率提高了22%。分子对接和分子动力学模拟结果表明,F225M/C281I相比于WT增加了与底物1-萘乙酮之间的Pi-Pi相互作用力,导致其催化效率的提高;而且突变酶F225M/C281I的134–139位点残基的均方根波动(RMSF)相比WT明显降低,与半衰期的略微提高相关。     

吩嗪-1-羧酸发酵培养基配方的初步确定

对本公司自主分离、优化得到的新型农用抗生素吩嗪-1-羧酸的产生菌STH16#生产吩嗪-1-羧酸的发酵培养基配方的初步确定。经实验确定吩嗪-1-羧酸的发酵培养基配方为:甘油15.0g/L、蛋白胨20.0g/L、磷酸氢二钾1.5g/L、硫酸镁2g/L。前体饲喂:在接种后8小时加入质量分数为2.0g/L的MCS。发酵产量可达2500mg/L。     

香蕉MuNPR1-1基因的克隆与表达分析

利用同源序列法克隆了中山大蕉中的MuNPR1-1和MePR-1基因,RT-PCR分析了MuNPR1-1和MePR-1基因对香蕉枯萎病4号小种的应答反应,结果表明抗病的中山大蕉幼苗叶片经香蕉枯萎病4号小种接菌诱导后,MuNPR1-1基因的表达水平在诱导后12 h达到最高,高表达持续到24 h,在72 h降到接近起始状态,病原相关蛋白MePR-1基因的表达在24 h达到最高,48 h开始下降,72 h又恢复到起始水平。而感病的粉蕉中MuNPR1-1在0、12和24 h无明显变化,在48-72 h表达增加,病原相关蛋白MePR-1基因的表达在0、12和24 h无明显变化,在48-72 h有增加,但表达强度低于中山大蕉。这表明了抗病的中山大蕉的MuNPR1-1基因对病原菌信号分子的反应比感病品种粉蕉敏感,有助于激活下游防卫基因的表达。     

乙型脑炎病毒减毒中间株SA14-12-1-7基因组全序列的测定

本研究通过对乙型脑炎活疫苗减毒过程中间株SA14-12-1-7-12 -1-7株进行全序列测定和分析,进一步了解乙脑活疫苗减毒及其稳定性的分子机制.根据 已发表的SA14-12-1-7株及SA14-12-1-7株的序列,设计6对重叠引物,涵括整个乙脑病 毒的基因组,通过RT-PCR扩增出SA14-12-1-7-12-1-7株的各cDNA片段,分别克隆到pGEM -T载体,转化至TG1受体菌中,挑取阳性克隆进行鉴定后测序.结果表明SA14-12-1-7-12- 1-7株基因组全序列长10976个核苷酸,从96到10394为一个长开放读码框,编码3432个氨基 酸.与野毒株SA14-12-1-7和疫苗株SA14-12-1-7的核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列相比,同 源性均在99%以上,突变位点分散于各个区域,E区有5个位点与疫苗株一致而与野毒株不同 ,3个位点与野毒株一致而与疫苗株不同,推测与其容易产生回复突变、恢复毒力有关.此 外,NS3、NS5和3′NTR的几个位点可能与病毒毒力稳定性相关.综上所述,乙脑病毒减毒中 间株的基因组全序列基本类似于已发表的序列,若干突变位点影响病毒的弱毒性及毒力的稳定性.全序列的测定对于研究疫苗株的减毒机理具有重要意义.     

4,4-二甲基-2-环戊烯-1-酮在天然萜类合成中的应用

本文综述了近30年来4,4-二甲基-2-环戊烯-1-酮在天然萜类合成中的应用。     

3-甲基-1-丁醇对玉米和小麦种子萌发的影响

植物的根际促生菌能使植物增产,其中菌群产生的挥发性成分起重要作用。3-甲基-1-丁醇（3-methyl-1-butanol）,即异戊醇,作为一种常见的微生物挥发性有机成分,但3-甲基-1-丁醇对高等植物种子萌发和生长的影响尚鲜见报道。本文研究了3种浓度（1、10和100 mg·L^-1）的3-甲基-1-丁醇对小麦和玉米种子萌发的影响。结果表明,1和10 mg·L^-1的3-甲基-1-丁醇处理均可提高玉米和小麦种子的活力指数;在低浓度的3-甲基-1-丁醇处理下,玉米和小麦种子可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量减少,而幼芽SOD活性和叶绿素含量比对照组显著增加。本文研究表明,3-甲基-1-丁醇在适宜的浓度下可以促进玉米和小麦生长。     

鞘氨醇-1-磷酸与免疫细胞的调节

鞘氨醇-1-磷酸（sphingosine-1 phosphate,S1P）是来源于鞘脂代谢途径的多效性信号分子,其代谢受到多种因素调控。S1P由细胞内的鞘氨醇激酶（sphingosine kinases,SphKs）催化鞘氨醇的磷酸化而合成,可通过转运蛋白释放至细胞外。S1P可通过在胞外结合其特异性G蛋白偶联受体及胞内作用而调节多种重要生物学效应。作为细胞外介质和细胞内信使,S1P在免疫系统中也发挥重要的调节作用。S1P参与免疫细胞的迁移、增殖、分化及死亡细胞清除等过程。本文对S1P的代谢以及其对于免疫细胞的调节作用进行综述。     

血红素氧合酶-1与肺纤维化

血红素氧合酶-1（Hene Oxygenase-1）是一种氧化应激反应蛋白,广泛存在全身各组织器官。HO-1及催化产物组成了重要的内源性保护系统,具有调控炎症、抗氧化损伤及抗细胞凋亡等作用,对于组织器官具有保护作用。肺纤维化发病机制复杂,氧化应激是肺纤维化的致病机制之一。HO-1是一种重要的抗氧化剂,其通过多种途径参与致病,在肺纤维化致病过程中发挥重要作用。     

血红素氧合酶-1 与肺纤维化

血红素氧合酶-1(Hene Oxygenase-1)是一种氧化应激反应蛋白,广泛存在全身各组织器官。HO-1及催化产物组成了重要的内源性保护系统,具有调控炎症、抗氧化损伤及抗细胞凋亡等作用,对于组织器官具有保护作用。肺纤维化发病机制复杂,氧化应激是肺纤维化的致病机制之一。HO-1是一种重要的抗氧化剂,其通过多种途径参与致病,在肺纤维化致病过程中发挥重要作用。     

DEC1 and MIC-1

Comment on: Qian Y, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2012; 109:11300-5.     

Role of the ASK1-SEK1-JNK1-HIPK1 signal in Daxx trafficking and ASK1 oligomerization

Overexpression of JNK binding domain inhibited glucose deprivation-induced JNK1 activation, relocalization of Daxx from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, and apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) oligomerization in human prostate adenocarcinoma DU-145 cells. However, SB203580, a p38 inhibitor, did not prevent relocalization of Daxx and oligomerization of ASK1 during glucose deprivation. Studies from in vivo labeling and immune complex kinase assay demonstrated that phosphorylation of Daxx occurred during glucose deprivation, and its phosphorylation was mediated through the ASK1-SEK1-JNK1-HIPK1 signal transduction pathway. Data from immunofluorescence staining and protein interaction assay suggest that phosphorylated Daxx may be translocated to the cytoplasm, bind to ASK1, and subsequently lead to ASK1 oligomerization. Mutation of Daxx Ser667 to Ala results in suppression of Daxx relocalization during glucose deprivation, suggesting that Ser667 residue plays an important role in the relocalization of Daxx. Unlike wild-type Daxx, a Daxx deletion mutant (amino acids 501-625) mainly localized to the cytoplasm, where it associated with ASK1, activated JNK1, and induced ASK1 oligomerization without glucose deprivation. Taken together, these results show that glucose deprivation activates the ASK1-SEK1-JNK1-HIPK1 pathway, and the activated HIPK1 is probably involved in the relocalization of Daxx from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. The relocalized Daxx may play an important role in glucose deprivation-induced ASK1 oligomerization.     

LINE-1编码蛋白L1-ORF1的原核表达纯化和多克隆抗体制备

目的: 制备具有肿瘤组织特异性表达的L1-ORF1蛋白多克隆抗体并进行初步应用研究。方法:采取基因工程表达方法制备L1-ORF1蛋白,免疫家兔制备多克隆抗体,间接ELISA检测抗体效价,Western blot和细胞免疫荧光方法检测抗体特异性,免疫检测验证其识别肿瘤细胞内L1-ORF1蛋白的特异性。结果:制备的抗L1-ORF1蛋白多克隆抗体具有很高的敏感性与特异性,免疫学检测表明该抗体不仅能检测出正常细胞中瞬时表达的L1-ORF1蛋白,而且可检测出肿瘤细胞中天然表达的L1-ORF1蛋白。结论:制备的多克隆抗体具有较高的敏感性与特异性,为以后该抗体的进一步应用奠定了基础。     

Antagonism between Cry1Ac1 and Cyt1A1 toxins of bacillus thuringiensis

Most strains of the insecticidal bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis have a combination of different protoxins in their parasporal crystals. Some of the combinations clearly interact synergistically, like the toxins present in B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. In this paper we describe a novel joint activity of toxins from different strains of B. thuringiensis. In vitro bioassays in which we used pure, trypsin-activated Cry1Ac1 proteins from B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, Cyt1A1 from B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, and Trichoplusia ni BTI-Tn5B1-4 cells revealed contrasting susceptibility characteristics. The 50% lethal concentrations (LC50s) were estimated to be 4,967 of Cry1Ac1 per ml of medium and 11.69 ng of Cyt1A1 per ml of medium. When mixtures of these toxins in different proportions were assayed, eight different LC50s were obtained. All of these LC50s were significantly higher than the expected LC50s of the mixtures. In addition, a series of bioassays were performed with late first-instar larvae of the cabbage looper and pure Cry1Ac1 and Cyt1A1 crystals, as well as two different combinations of the two toxins. The estimated mean LC50 of Cry1Ac1 was 2.46 ng/cm2 of diet, while Cyt1A1 crystals exhibited no toxicity, even at very high concentrations. The estimated mean LC50s of Cry1Ac1 crystals were 15.69 and 19.05 ng per cm2 of diet when these crystals were mixed with 100 and 1,000 ng of Cyt1A1 crystals per cm2 of diet, respectively. These results indicate that there is clear antagonism between the two toxins both in vitro and in vivo. Other joint-action analyses corroborated these results. Although this is the second report of antagonism between B. thuringiensis toxins, our evidence is the first evidence of antagonism between toxins from different subspecies of B. thuringiensis (B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki and B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis) detected both in vivo and in vitro. Some possible explanations for this relationship are discussed.     

Regulation of PCTAIRE1 protein stability by AKT1, LKB1 and BRCA1

PCTAIRE1, also known as CDK16, is a cyclin-dependent kinase that is regulated by cyclin Y. It is a member of the serine-threonine family of kinases and its functions have primarily been implicated in cellular processes like vesicular transport, neuronal growth and development, myogenesis, spermatogenesis and cell proliferation. However, as extensive studies on PCTAIRE1 have not yet been conducted, the signaling pathways for this kinase involved in governing many cellular processes are yet to be elucidated in detail. Here, we report the association of PCTAIRE1 with important cellular proteins involved in major cell signaling pathways, especially cell proliferation. In particular, here we show that PCTAIRE1 interacts with AKT1, a key player of the PI3K signaling pathway that is responsible for promoting cell survival and proliferation. Our studies show that PCTAIRE1 is a substrate of AKT1 that gets stabilized by it. Further, we show that PCTAIRE1 also interacts with and is degraded by LKB1, a kinase that is known to suppress cellular proliferation and also regulate cellular energy metabolism. Moreover, our results show that PCTAIRE1 is also degraded by BRCA1, a well-known tumor suppressor. Together, our studies highlight the regulation of PCTAIRE1 by key players of the major cell signaling pathways involved in regulating cell proliferation, and therefore, provide crucial links that could be explored further to elucidate the mechanistic role of PCTAIRE1 in cell proliferation and tumorigenesis.     

Antagonism between Cry1Ac1 and Cyt1A1 Toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis

Most strains of the insecticidal bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis have a combination of different protoxins in their parasporal crystals. Some of the combinations clearly interact synergistically, like the toxins present in B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. In this paper we describe a novel joint activity of toxins from different strains of B. thuringiensis. In vitro bioassays in which we used pure, trypsin-activated Cry1Ac1 proteins from B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, Cyt1A1 from B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, and Trichoplusia ni BTI-Tn5B1-4 cells revealed contrasting susceptibility characteristics. The 50% lethal concentrations (LC₅₀s) were estimated to be 4,967 of Cry1Ac1 per ml of medium and 11.69 ng of Cyt1A1 per ml of medium. When mixtures of these toxins in different proportions were assayed, eight different LC₅₀s were obtained. All of these LC₅₀s were significantly higher than the expected LC₅₀s of the mixtures. In addition, a series of bioassays were performed with late first-instar larvae of the cabbage looper and pure Cry1Ac1 and Cyt1A1 crystals, as well as two different combinations of the two toxins. The estimated mean LC₅₀ of Cry1Ac1 was 2.46 ng/cm² of diet, while Cyt1A1 crystals exhibited no toxicity, even at very high concentrations. The estimated mean LC₅₀s of Cry1Ac1 crystals were 15.69 and 19.05 ng per cm² of diet when these crystals were mixed with 100 and 1,000 ng of Cyt1A1 crystals per cm² of diet, respectively. These results indicate that there is clear antagonism between the two toxins both in vitro and in vivo. Other joint-action analyses corroborated these results. Although this is the second report of antagonism between B. thuringiensis toxins, our evidence is the first evidence of antagonism between toxins from different subspecies of B. thuringiensis (B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki and B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis) detected both in vivo and in vitro. Some possible explanations for this relationship are discussed.     

Generation of 'humanized' hCYP1A1_1A2_Cyp1a1/1a2(-/-) mouse line

Human/rodent CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 orthologs are well known to exhibit species-specific differences in substrate preferences and rates of metabolism. This lab previously characterized a BAC-transgenic mouse carrying the human CYP1A1_CYP1A2 locus; in this line, human dioxin-inducible CYP1A1 and basal vs dioxin-inducible CYP1A2 have been shown to be expressed normally (with regard to mRNAs, proteins and three enzyme activities) in every one of nine mouse tissues studied. The mouse Cyp1a1 and Cyp1a2 genes are oriented head-to-head and share a bidirectional promoter region of 13,954 bp. Using Cre recombinase and loxP sites inserted 3' of the stop codons of both genes, we show here a successful interchromosomal excision of 26,173 bp that ablated both genes on the same allele. The Cyp1a1/1a2(-) double-knockout allele was bred with the "humanized" line; the final product is the hCYP1A1_1A2_Cyp1a1/1a2(-/-) line on a theoretically >99.8% C57BL/6J genetic background-having both human genes replacing the mouse orthologs. This line will be valuable for human risk assessment studies involving any environmental toxicant or drug that is a substrate for CYP1A1 or CYP1A2.     

Isolation and Characterization of Ubiquitin-activating Enzyme E1-domain Containing 1, UBE1DC1

Ubiquitin and other ubiquitin-like proteins play important roles in post-translational modification. They are phylogenetically well-conserved in eukaryotes. Activated by other proteins, ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins can covalently modify target proteins. The enzymes responsible for the activation of this modification have been known to include UBA1, SAE2, UBA3, SAE1 and ULA1. Here we report a new ubiquitin activating enzyme like cDNA, named ubiquitin activating enzyme E1-domain containing 1 (UBE1DC1), whose cDNA is 2654 base pairs in length and contains an open reading frame encoding 404 amino acids. The UBE1DC1 gene consists of 12 exons and is located at human chromosome 3q22. The result of RT-PCR showed that UBE1DC1 is expressed in most of human tissues. These two authors contributed equally to this paper. The nucleotide sequence reported in this paper has been submitted to GenBank under accession number AY253672.