丁酸钠器官毒性研究

目的:研究组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂(histone deacetylase inhibition HDACi):丁酸钠(Sodium Butyrate Na B)腹腔连续给药对BALB/C小鼠体重增长及器官发育的影响。方法:20只健康,3周BALB/C小鼠随机分成2组(丁酸钠组和对照组);丁酸钠组腹腔注射丁酸钠(Na B)1.2 g/Kg·d,连续21天;对照组同时间腹腔注射等量生理盐水。21天后,测量体重;行4%多聚甲醛灌注、固定,取心脏,肝脏,脾脏,肺脏,肾脏,脑组织以及小肠组织器官,做石蜡切片,HE染色两组比较有无器官损害。结果:1.丁酸钠组与对照组比较,两组动物体重增长良好,平均增长11 g,两组间无统计学差异(P0.05)。2.HE染色见丁酸钠组:心肌细胞无变性,坏死,无炎性细胞浸润,无肉芽组织形成;脾脏红、白髓结构清晰,脾窦无扩张,未见炎性细胞浸润;肺间质无扩张,充血,未见纤维化,肺泡无水肿;肾小管上皮细胞无变性坏死,肾间质未见水肿;脑细胞周围间隙和小血管间隙无增宽;肠道纤毛上皮排列整齐,肠壁无出血,坏死,无渗出;肝细胞围绕中央静脉呈放射状排列,细胞无水肿,无胆汁淤积。未发现上述器官的病理变化。结论:丁酸钠长期腹腔给药安全,无明显毒副作用。     

Summary of recombinant human serum albumin development.

The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris is well known as a host strain for the production of a variety of heterologous proteins. We have used P. pastoris for the production of recombinant human serum albumin (rHSA), for which we have developed efficient and specialized downstream processes. Results from structural analysis suggest that purified rHSA possesses an identical conformation to plasma derived human albumin (pdHA) and no difference from pdHA has been observed in neo-antigenicity. Host-cell-derived impurities (i.e. Pichia yeast component, DNA and mannan) have been evaluated in the purification process as well as in the drug substance and relevant specifications established. The efficacy and safety of rHSA have been tested in clinical studies and no difference from pdHA has been found in comparative study. Such studies have confirmed rHSA to have high efficacy with little or no adverse reaction.     

Upper lobe lobectomy and concomitant thoracoplasty in pulmonary tuberculosis. A preliminary report

In this, a preliminary report, the advantages and disadvantages of upper lobe lobectomy and concomitant thoracoplasty in tuberculosis have been summarized. There has been no undue increase in the operative hazard, there have been no complications, and the immediate results have been entirely satisfactory.Twenty-six patients were subjected to a combined operation (17 upper lobectomy-thoracoplasty and nine pneumonectomy-thoracoplasty) with one postoperative death. Indications for primary lobectomy have been discussed. The technique of resection and concomitant thoracoplasty has been briefly described.     

Upper Lobe Lobectomy and Concomitant Thoracoplasty in Pulmonary Tuberculosis—A Preliminary Report

In this, a preliminary report, the advantages and disadvantages of upper lobe lobectomy and concomitant thoracoplasty in tuberculosis have been summarized. There has been no undue increase in the operative hazard, there have been no complications, and the immediate results have been entirely satisfactory.Twenty-six patients were subjected to a combined operation (17 upper lobectomy-thoracoplasty and nine pneumonectomy-thoracoplasty) with one postoperative death.Indications for primary lobectomy have been discussed.The technique of resection and concomitant thoracoplasty has been briefly described.     

Radioprotective effect of nucleosides and nucleotides and the mechanism of action of adenosine

Adenosine and a majority of adenine mononucleotides have a radioprotective action; adenine and 2'-deoxyadenosine have no radioprotective effect, and that of 3',5'-cAMP only approaches the detectable level. Ribo- and deoxyribonucleosides and nucleotides of guanine, uracil, thymine, and cytosine have no protective action. Dipyridamole increases and alkylxanthines block the radioprotective effect of adenosine. So it follows that the radioprotective effect is realized via A-receptors of the plasmatic membrane external surface.     

Frequencies of chromosome polymorphism in pairs no. 1, 9, and 13 in three geographical variants of black rats,Rattus rattus

Frequencies of the acrocentric and subtelocentric polymorphism in pairs no. 1, 9 and 13 chromosomes have been examined in 358 black rats, Rattus rattus, distributed over several countries of Asia, Australia and United States. The black rats are divided into three geographical types by the different chromosome numbers, such as Asian (2n=42), Ceylon (2n=40) and Oceanian types (2n=38). Pairs no. 13 polymorphism was found widely in these all types, but the pair no. 1 and 9 polymorphisms were found in only Asian type black rats. In the Asian type rats, however, those distributed in northern India and Pakistan showed always the subtelocentric pairs no. 1 and 9 like as those in Ceylon and Oceanian type black rats. This finding supports that the Ceylon and Oceanien type rats have developed in India or Pakistan from the Asian type. The present study also suggests that inversion of the pair no. 13 could have occurred in earlier period than those of the pairs no. 1 and 9.     

Stereotactic administration of intratumoral chronic chemotherapy of recurrent malignant gliomas

There is a continuous search for more efficient treatment of malignant cerebral gliomas. The work of Penn and Croin demonstrates clearly that survival of rats having experimental gliomas is significantly increased by intratumoral chemotherapy. It has been shown that chronic depth electrodes for the investigation of epileptic patients is a reliable and safe method. Using this proven technology originally developed by Talairach, Szikla and co-workers we have developed catheters for intratumoral chemotherapy. Three patients have been treated. It is premature to pretend that this is a treatment which will lengthen the patient's life. Nevertheless, the feasibility of the technique, its precision and safety are assured. Following this course of treatment, we have seen no deteriorations, no side effects, no bone marrow depressions, and no sign of toxicity. Chemical analysis has shown that cisplatin was delivered to the tumor.     

激光治疗急性膝关节膑下脂肪垫损伤 60例临床疗效观察

采用激光照射治疗急性膝关节膑下脂肪垫损伤60例。一次性治疗,治愈率85%,有效率15%,无效率0,未发现明显毒副作用。结果显示激光在软组织疼痛早期有很好的疗效。     

残茬覆盖与耕作方式对夏玉米叶片衰老代谢和籽粒产量的影响

对小麦机械收获后残茬覆盖与不覆盖两种条件下免耕、翻耕和播种行深松3种土壤耕作方式的夏玉米开花后叶片衰老生理特性和籽粒产量进行了研究。结果表明,残茬覆盖和深松耕作的玉米叶片SOD和POD活性提高、MAD含量降低、叶绿素和可溶性蛋白质含量高、降解速度慢,维持了叶片后期较高的生理功能。最终开花后干物质生产量和玉米籽粒产量表现为：覆盖显著高于不覆盖,深松显著高于翻耕和免耕,残茬覆盖与深松结合效果最好。     

Antibody avidity indices of the saliva and serum antibodies in salmonellosis patients

The avidity characteristics of salivary and serum antibodies have been determined in 179 salmonellosis patients by means of the indirect hemagglutination inhibition test. These investigation have shown that, in contrast to serum antibodies, no changes occur in the avidity of salivary antibodies in the course of the disease. This is due to the fact that secretory antibodies belong to IgA which have no tendency to ripening. The regularities thus established reflect the role of secretory and serum antibodies in the pathogenesis of Salmonella infections.     

Labelling of membrane glycoproteins on rat spermatozoa collected from different regions of the epididymis.

1. Charge-shift electrophoresis showed that cholera toxin and its subunits have no hydrophobic surfaces. 2. Amino-acid composition and sequence data suggested that the proteins have no masked hydrophobic regions. 3. The A subunit of cholera toxin may interact with polar molecules in the membrane to exert its effect inside the cell. 4. The only hydrophobic part of tetanus toxin was the H-chain.     

Origin of the extra chromosome No. 21 in Down's syndrome

Summary A No. 15 chromosome with a short arm longer than usual is observed in two phenotypically normal brothers. This chromosome appears to have no visible satellite, shows no N-band staining, and is never involved in satellite association. These results have led us to the conclusion that this chromosome lacks the nucleolus organizer region.     

A Retrospective Analysis of 94 Patients With Cin and False Negative Cervical Smears Taken At Colposcopy

This report investigates the reasons for false negative cervical cytology in 94 out of 630 patients (15%) in whom cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) was diagnosed on colposcopically directed biopsy. Cervical smears were taken immediately before biopsy and the cases with false negative cytology were compared with those whose cytology was abnormal. Patients with false negative cytology were more likely to have been younger (P < 0.01), to have had fewer pregnancies (P < 0.001), to have had a less severe grade of dyskaryosis on their referral smear (P < 0.001), to have had no endocervical cells on the smear (P < 0.05), to have had a less severe grade of CIN on biopsy (P < 0.001), to have had no punctation visible at colposcopy (P < 0.01), and to have had no mosaic pattern seen at colposcopy (P < 0.05). We found no effect attributable to the patient's menstrual history, the interval between referral smear and colposcopy clinic visit, the smear taker or the type of spatula used to take the smear.     

光化学疗法治疗神经性皮炎60例临床疗效观察

采用光化学疗法,外涂0.2%8-MOP半小时后以光化肤康灯(主峰波长365 nm,终端输出功率25.4 W连续可调,幅照度:930μW/cm2)照射,治疗神经性皮炎60例,平均治疗间期1月,治愈率51.67%,显效率23.33%,有效率21.67%,无效率3.33%。未发现明显毒副作用。结果显示光化学疗法对神经性皮炎有很好的疗效。     

Addition of telomere-associated HeT DNA sequences "heals" broken chromosome ends in Drosophila

Stocks of D. melanogaster X chromosomes carrying terminal deletions (RT chromosomes) have been maintained for several years. Some of the chromosomes are slowly losing DNA from the broken ends (as expected if replication is incomplete) and show no telomere-associated DNA added to the receding ends. Two stocks carry chromosomes that have become "healed" and are no longer losing DNA. In both stocks the broken chromosome end has acquired a segment of HeT DNA, a family of complex repeats found only at telomeres and in pericentric heterochromatin. Although the HeT family is complex, the HeT sequence joined to the broken chromosome end is the same in both stocks. In contrast, the two chromosomes are broken in different places and have no detectable sequence similarity at the junction with the new DNA. Sequence analysis suggests that the new telomere sequences have been added by a specific mechanism that does not involve homologous recombination.     

Linear dose-response of acentric chromosome fragments down to 1 R of x-rays in grasshopper neuroblasts, a potential mutagen-test system

Grasshopper-embryo neuroblasts have no spontaneous chromosome breakage; therefore they permit easy detection of agents that break chromosomes. An X-ray exposure of 1 R induces in them a detectable number of chromosome fragments. The dose-response of acentric fragment frequency fits a linear model between 0 and 128 R. Thus another cell type is added to those previously demonstrated to have no threshold dose for the induction of chromosome or gene mutations.     

New data on the biological action of normal immunoglobulins

Experiments on 2,520 CBA mice (CBA X X C57BL) F1 nice have shown that the injection of homologous serum immunoglobulins (obtained from intact and blood-stimulated animals), made 2 hours after gamma irradiation from a 60Co source, prevents the development of intestinal dysbacteriosis and endogenous infection. The injection of mouse and human immunoglobulins to nonirradiated mice improved their resistance to experimental infection with Escherichia coli live culture, increased the expression of receptors to the Fc-fragments of IgG in peritoneal macrophages and enhanced the physical working capacity of the animals. The preparations containing normal antitissular antibodies have proved to be particularly effective. In mice, rabbits and dogs the preparations under test have produced no changes in the general state of the animals, no local reactions and no disturbances in the cardiovascular activity.     

顽拗型种子的生物学特性及种子顽拗性的进化

综述了顽拗型种子的形态、大小、含水量、植物分类、植物生态方面的一般特性,分析了顽拗型种子对环境的生态适应性,并讨论了种子顽拗性的可能进化模式,进而指出顽拗型种子生理生态学研究的意义和应用前景.顽拗型种子一般千粒重和体积较大,含水量较高,萌发迅速且多无休眠特性;产生顽拗性种子的植物分布很广,与其系统分类地位无关,但多起源于湿润的生境;目前尚无足够的证据表明种子顽拗性是原始性状或是衍生性状,要解决这一问题还需更深入的研究,尤其是种子生理学和生态学家的合作研究.     

Endocrine cells of the human gastrointestinal tract have no proliferative capacity

Summary There is compelling evidence that the epithelial cell lineages of the gastrointestinal tract are derived from a common stem cell precursor, but the details of the subsequent cellular hierarchies remain uncertain. In this context, it is important to know the arrangement of cell proliferation that gives rise to the final cell populations. In rodents, a number of studies have been performed examining the possible proliferative capacity of endocrine cells, but a wide range of technical problems makes interpretation of these data difficult. Continuous labelling studies suggest that there is potential for proliferation in endocrine cells but flash labelling studies have not been conclusive. In man there are no data on this issue. We have taken advantage of the ability to perform double immunostaining for operational markers of proliferation (Ki67 antigen) and endocrine cell phenotype (chromogranin expression). We demonstrate that there are no double-labelled cells in the normal stomach, small intestine or colon of fetal, neonatal or adult humans. Moreover, no double-labelled cells are found in pathological states associated with endocrine cell hyperplasia (gastritis, ulcerative colitis). These data indicate that the normal endocrine cells of the human gut have no proliferative capacity and that, in this cell lineage, population expansion precedes differentiation.     

bar基因、PAT蛋白和草丁膦的特性与安全性

在转基因技术得到认同并且给全球带来了巨大的经济和社会价值的同时,也引起了人们对其安全性的关注.目前在转基因作物中抗除草剂作物种植面积最大.本文对除草剂草丁膦及其抗性基因之一--bar基因及其产物PAT蛋白的一些特性和安全性作了阐述.bar基因及筛选剂草丁膦在植物基因工程中发挥着重要作用.bar基因无多效性,与食物中的DNA一样安全.PAT蛋白对小鼠无直接毒性,与已知毒素和过敏原无同源性、无糖基化位点,其热稳定性和消化稳定性无食物过敏原和毒素的特性,对人体和动物安全无毒性.草丁膦是一种生物除草剂,在土壤中易被快速分解,作物收获时未检出残留,对哺乳动物无毒性作用.