广西薯蓣科植物分类研究

薯蓣科我国仅有薯蓣一属,约５０种,主产西南部至东南部及南部,西北及北部较少。广西的本属植物含２７种以上,占全国总种数的一半强。种类虽然不算多,但经济价值大,有的种类块茎或根状茎作蔬食,有健脾胃、益肺、肾等功能,如大薯、甜薯、淮山和各种野生淮山等便是;有的种类含薯蓣皂甙和薯蓣毒皂甙,是制药工业的重要原料,在国民经济发展中占一定的地位,历来为世人所关注。本文是广西单子叶植物志薯蓣科分类研究结果,报道２２个种和２个变种,除了有分种检索表外,还有分种简述,以便利用。     

广西五加科分类研究新评注

广西五加科植物不但种类丰富,占全国总种数的1/3强,而且经济价值大。中外驰名的人参,在广西引种已成功,有效成分与东北产人参相似,只是糖分略较东北人参为高;人们熟悉的五加皮酒的主药五加皮,广西产量大宗,有广阔的利用前景;民间治风湿要药枫荷桂,广西全境有产,储藏量大,也是一种有发展前途的草药。笔者借编著《广西植物志》之机,对我所馆藏的本科广西标本作了全面研究、订正。在研究叶形变异大的树参属(Dendropanax Decne.)和罗伞树属(Brassaiopsis Decne.)时,遇到了不少困难,后来得到美国哈佛大学植物标本馆给予借用于30年代在广西采的几个种的模式标本,才使困难得以解决。现已知广西五加科共有16属(野生),70种以上。本文报道65种。     

广西野生阴生观赏植物资源及其特点

为了解广西境内蕴藏的野生阴生观赏植物资源及珍贵种质,采取野外实地考察及标本采集鉴定相结合的方法,对广西全境分布的阴生和半阴生观赏植物资源进行研究。结果表明:广西野生阴生观赏植物有5个基本特点:种类丰富(162科485属1309种)、种质资源珍贵(珍稀植物195种,广西特有植物136种)、生长基质多样(喜钙植物、喜酸植物和中间类型植物)、草本性状比值显著(草本植物约占总种数的66.1%)、野生资源贮藏量的多寡悬殊性。6个主要野生阴生观赏类群为:蕨类植物(43科240种)、兰科(37属126种)、百合科(21属82种)、苦苣苔科(17属63种)、秋海棠科(1属43种)、天南星科(12属30种)。研究结果可为合理开发利用广西野生阴生观赏植物资源提供参考。     

广西园林植物应用现状调查及分析

随着经济的发展和人们对环境美学要求的提高,园林植物的开发利用越来越受到重视。通过对广西主要大城市南宁、柳州、桂林等地区的园林植物进行实地调查,结果表明,广西区内常用园林植物有809种(包括变种、变型、栽培变种),隶属于150科450属,其中乡土植物315种,占常用园林植物的38.94%;外来物种494种,占常用园林植物的61.06%。其中,乔木283种,草本253种。在150个科中,棕榈科的植物种类最多,有43种,其次是木兰科,有33种。而柠檬桉、桂花、大王椰子等种类,因应用范围广、用量大而在广西园林中占有相当重要的地位。园林用途分类结果表明,用于城市道路绿化的植物有502种;用于公园、广场、街头绿地绿化的植物有494种,其中造景植物用了428种。     

萝芙木生物学特性的研究

<正> 萝芙木属(Rauvolfia)植物中的许多种类,是国内外用以治疗高血压症的特效药。广西产的萝芙木(Rauvolfia verticillata(Lour.)Baill.)是我国制作“降压灵”药物的主要原料。 野生的萝芙木分布零散,储存量有限,仅靠野生资源不能满足需要。国内外对萝芙木属进行大量的研究,但有关广西产萝芙木生物学特性的研究尚末见报导。为此,我们将多年来进行萝芙木生物学特性研究的结果进行报导,为萝芙木的人工栽培提供科学依据。     

广西大戟科植物资料

<正> 广西的大戟科植物种类众多。作者对广西中草药原植物研究过程,将已采集的标本及华南植物所标本室(SCBI)和广东、广西主要标本室(均有注明)收藏的广西及其邻近地区的大戟科标本进行整理;现报道(一)、三宝木属植物摘记;有5种和3个新变种,其中广西产5种、1变种。(二)、广西白大凤属植物;1种。     

新疆的郁金香属种质资源

郁金香是百合科郁金香属（Tulipa）植物的总称,是举世公认的名贵花卉,被誉为“花卉王国中的皇后”,深受人们的喜爱。新疆是世界郁金香属植物的自然分布区之一,也是中国的集中分布区,目前已知有该属植物１３种,占世界种类的１０％左右。近几年来,在国家自然科学基金的资助下,我们对新疆产郁金香进行了深入调查及引种栽培工作,建立了１３种约８０个居群的野生郁金香属植物种质资源圃,并对其生物学特性进行了系统全面的观察。在此仅对这１３种郁金香的分布及园艺性状做一简介,供读者参考。新疆郁金香（T．sinkiangensis）特有种。…     

广西野生果树资源调查研究

广西有丰富的野生果树资源,计有野生果树50科99属290种(含变种、变型),其科属种分别占全国野生果树73科173属1157种(含变种、变型)的68.49%、57.23%、25.07%。蔷薇科(46种)、猕猴桃科(38种)、壳斗科(29种)、葡萄科(12种)、芸香科(12种)和桑科(11种)六个科共有148种,共占广西野生果树种类的51.03%。这六个科是广西野生果树的优势科。根据目前广西野生果树开发利用状况、技术经验、经济价值等,将广西野生果树分为具备成熟开发条件的种类(48种),进一步研究可开发种类(33种)以及亟待开发种类(209种)。对具备成熟开发条件的种类和进一步研究可开发种类的分布、生境、果熟期、果实用途等进行了详细介绍。提出了保护和合理开发利用广西野生果树资源的建议。     

广西特有的苦苣苔科野生花卉

广西地处热带和亚热带交汇地区,气候高温多雨,植物生长旺盛;加之境内山岭纵横,岩溶地形广泛发育,苦苣苔科植物种类特多.我国特产有28属,广西特有属8属,特有种66种.这些植物的花冠奇特美丽<唇形花冠>,一些种类的叶质肥厚浓绿,有很高的观赏价值;同时多数种类常野生在山谷溪边的岩石上或陡崖阴湿处,可以作岩石公园、假山绿化之用.作为一种野生花卉资源,有待引种和开发利用.下面仅介绍一些广西特有的种类.     

林下阴生奇草──蜘蛛抱蛋属植物

蜘蛛抱蛋属（Aspidistra）植物分充在亚洲的亚热带和热带山地,喜生于茂密阴湿、土壤肥沃的常绿阔叶林下。全属约有50来种,除印度的阿萨姆和泰国各产1种外,其余种均产于中国。主要分布于我国长江流域以南各省区,其中除3种特产于台湾省外,其余种均产于大陆上。广西产的种数名列前茅,近30种,既有属中较原始的种类,又有属中较进化的种类,是本属现代的分布中心和分化中心。蜘蛛抱蛋属在百合科中是一个较大的家族,几乎均具模走具节的根状茎,根状茎的每个节向下生细长的纤维根伸入土中,向上长出叶;叶单生和2－4故簇生;花车从根状茎…     

广西百合科植物分类及地理分布研究

近年在编写《广西植物志》过程中,对广西馆藏百合科植物标本进行了整理鉴定,并作了野外调查。在整理后发现,广西百合科植物不仅资源丰富,连栽培计有30属129种6变种（野生为26属115种、变种）,而且还具有广西自身的地方特色,计有广西特有种28种,另有广西分布新记录16种,国家珍稀保护植物1种。它们中的绝大多数种类,已被用作医药和观赏。本文除报道这些新记录种和特有种外,还着重报道了其中5个种类较多、分类难度较大的属及其所含的种。此外,还报道了广西百合科植物的分属检索表及其在水平、垂直、不同土壤母质和特有分布方面的地理分布简况。     

广西大戟科一些属的分类简志

<正> 大戟科在广西植物区系中为大科之一,约50属,200种以上,广布区内各地,但热带性较强的种类主要见于桂东南经桂南至桂西北山区。近年来笔者在编写《广西植物志》第二卷工作中,按分工要求,对所承担的属的馆藏标本作了全面整理研究。现将研究结果报道,以资利用。本文共记载19属56种。     

广西玄参科简志及其地理分布特点

在广西植物区系中,玄参科属于中等大小的科,计３１属９６种（变种）（另有栽培部分８属１３种已除外）．广布于全区各地．作者近年编《广西植物志》（玄参科）时．全面整理研究了该科广西的馆藏标本。现将其中科研或经济价值较大的部分分类群含广西新记录的３属１９种）加以简报,以资利用。同时,对本科在广西的地理分布特点亦作一初探。     

广西姬小蜂科分类学研究(膜翅目:小蜂总科)

根据1998－2000年作者在广西南部山区的采集,结合中国科学院动物研究所昆虫标本馆馆藏标本的研究,报道了该科4亚科27属81种在广西的分布,其中,4属60种是中国新纪录,本文对前人和作者最近对中国姬小蜂科的分类研究简单作了综述,并对广西的姬小蜂科物种进行了初步的组分分析,根据现有材料得出结论是：1）广西的姬小蜂科区系成分以东洋区和古北成分为主;2）多个区纱成分分布相互重叠,交错。     

广西特有植物区系特征研究

分析论述了广西特有植物区系特征。结果表明:(1)广西特有植物共859种,隶属于119科303属,其中蕨类植物15科22属42种,裸子植物3科4属7种,被子植物101科277属810种。这些特有种中,以草本植物种类最多,有440种,灌木、乔木类型次之。(2)地理成分复杂多样,分布交错混杂。种子植物科包含9个分布类型,属包含14个分布类型。种则依据在广西区内地理分布可划分为5个分布亚型,其中以桂西南分布种类最多。(3)科属种的水平上都表现出明显的的热带-亚热带性质。4.区系成份兼具古老性和年青性,并表现出岩溶地区特有化发展的特征。     

A Preliminary Study on the Taxonomy of the Family Magnoliaceae

A new system of classification of Magnoliaceae proposed. This paper deals mainly with taxonomy and phytogeography of the family Magnoliaceae on the basis of external morphology, wood anatomy and palynology. Different authors have had different ideas about the delimitation of genera of this family, their controversy being carried on through more than one hundred years (Table I). Since I have been engaged in the work of the Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae, I have accumulated a considerable amount of information and material and have investigated the living plants at their natural localities, which enable me to find out the evolutionary tendencies and primitive morphological characters of various genera of the family. According to the evolutionary tendencies of the characters and the geographical distribution of this family I propose a new system by dividing it into two subfamilies, Magnolioideae and Liriodendroideae Law (1979), two tribes, Magnolieae and Michelieae Law, four subtribes, Manglietiinae Law, Magnoliinae, Elmerrilliinae Law and Micheliinae, and fifteen genera (Fig. 1 ), a system which is different from those by J. D. Dandy (1964-1974) and the other authors. The recent distribution and possible survival centre of Magnoliaceae. The members of Magnoliaceae are distributed chiefly in temperate and tropical zones of the Northern Hemisphere, ——Southeast Asia and southeast North America, but a few genera and species also occur in the Malay Archipelago and Brazil of the Southern Hemisphere. Forty species of 4 genera occur in America, among which one genus (Dugendiodendron) is endemic to the continent, while about 200 species of 14 genera occur in Southeast Asia, of which 12 genera are endemic. In China there are about 110 species of 11 genera which mostly occur in Guangxi, Guangdong and Yunnan; 58 species and more than 9 genera occur in the mountainous districts of Yunnan. Moreover, one genus (Manglietiastrum Law, 1979) and 19 species are endemic to this region. The family in discussion is much limited to or interruptedly distributed in the mountainous regions of Guangxi, Guangdong and Yunnan. The regions are found to have a great abundance of species, and the members of the relatively primitive taxa are also much more there than in the other regions of the world. The major genera, Manglietia, Magnolia and Michelia, possess 160 out of a total of 240 species in the whole family. Talauma has 40 species, while the other eleven genera each contain only 2 to 7 species, even with one monotypic genus. These three major genera are sufficient for indicating the evolutionary tendency and geographical distribution of Magnoliaceae. It is worthwhile discussing their morphological characters and distributional patterns as follows: The members of Manglietia are all evergreen trees, with flowers terminal, anthers dehiscing introrsely, filaments very short and flat, ovules 4 or more per carpel. This is considered as the most primitive genus in subtribe Manglietiinae. Eighteen out of a total of 35 species of the genus are distributed in the western, southwest to southeast Yunnan. Very primitive species, such as Manglietia hookeri, M. insignis and M. megaphylla, M. grandis, also occur in this region. They are distributed from Yunnan eastwards to Zhejiang and Fujian through central China, south China, with only one species (Manglietia microtricha) of the genus westwards to Xizang. There are several species distributing southwards from northeast India to the Malay Archipelago (Fig. 7). The members of Magnolia are evergreen and deciduous trees or shrubs, with flowers terminal, anthers dehiscing introrsely or laterally, ovules 2 per carpel, stipule adnate to the petiole. The genus Magnolia is the most primitive in the subtribe Magnoliinae and is the largest genus of the family Magnoliaceae. Its deciduous species are distributed from Yunnan north-eastwards to Korea and Japan (Kurile N. 46’) through Central China, North China and westwards to Burma, the eastern Himalayas and northeast India. The evergreen species are distributed from northeast Yunnan (China) to the Malay Archipelago. In China there are 23 species, of which 15 seem to be very primitive, e.g. Magnolia henryi, M. delavayi, M. officinalis and M. rostrata, which occur in Guangxi, Guangdong and Yunnan. The members of Michelia are evergreen trees or shrubs, with flowers axillary, anthers dehiscing laterally or sublaterally, gynoecium stipitate, carpels numerous or few. Michelia is considered to be the most primitive in the subtribe Micheliinae, and is to the second largest genus of the family. About 23 out of a total of 50 species of this genus are very primitive, e.g. Michelia sphaerantha, M. lacei, M. champaca, and M. flavidiflora, which occur in Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan (the distributional center of the family under discussion) and extend eastwards to Taiwan of China, southern Japan through central China, southwards to the Malay Archipelago through Indo-China. westwards to Xizang of China, and south-westwards to India and Sri Lanka (Fig. 7). The members of Magnoliaceae are concentrated in Guangxi, Guangdong and Yunnan and radiate from there. The farther away from the centre, the less members we are able to find, but the more advanced they are in morphology. In this old geographical centre there are more primitive species, more endemics and more monotypic genera. Thus it is reasonable to assume that the region of Guangxi, Guangdong and Yunnan, China, is not only the centre of recent distribution, but also the chief survival centreof Magnoliaceae in the world.     

Areography of the Gymnosperms of China (1) Distribution of the Pinaceae of China

Nine of 10 genera and 119 of approximately 240 species of the Pinaceae occur in China, including 67 endemic species and two endemic genera. In this paper, the distributional maps of all the genera of the Pinaceae are presented (fig. 1-8). The horizontal and vertical distributions of species in each genus are discussed. The analysis of the distribution patterns of the genera indicates that some genera, such as Keteleeria, Tsuga, Pseudotsuga, Cathaya and Pseudolarix, are restricted to the area south of the Qinling Mountains and the Huaihe River, and the others, i. e. Picea, Abies, Larix and Pinus, extend northward to northeastern China. However, all of the genera except Keteleeria and Pinus are not found in very dry areas and tropical mountainous regions of China. The monotypic genera, Cathaya and Pseudolarix, are distributed in eastern and central China. The genus Keteleeria consists of 10 species, 7 of which are concentrated in southern Guizhou, northern Guangxi, southwestern Hunan and easternmost Yunnan. The distribution of the remaining 6 genera shows the maximum concentration in western Sichuan and northwestern Yunnan. (Figs. 2-8). Furthermore, more than third of species of the Pinaceae (37.8%) are also concentrated in western Sichuan and northwestern Yunnan. where a great variety of habitats and different topographic features occur. It is apparent that to conduct our systematic and evolutionary studies on this family in these region is especially needed. The relations between the areal size and the tolerance of species are discussed. The distributions of macrofossils and microfossils of the genera of the Pinaceae ia China are given, and it has been proved that areas of most genera of the family were considerably larger in the past. than at present.     

中国杜鹃花科的(纟戾)木亚科白珠树亚科北极果亚科地理分布及其与其他地区的关系

<正> 杜鹃花科(Ericaceae)为中国植物的第七大科。因此,它在中国植物地理是中国植物区系上都占有比较重要的地位。杜鹃花科共分五个亚科:杜鹃花亚科、綟木亚科,白珠树亚科、北极果亚科和乌饭树亚科。綟木亚科、白珠树亚科和北极果亚科,虽然在本科中其种类不算太多,但所含10个属,故其多样性在本科中是首屈一指的。无疑,对这三个亚科在中国的地理分布及其与其他地区的关系的讨论是有意义的。     

广西种子植物新资料

报道了广西种子植物分布新记录3种:剪红纱花、头花水玉簪、大柱莓草,其中霉草科和喜荫草属分别为广西新记录科和新记录属;以及原来被认为在广西已经灭绝的广西重点保护植物胡豆莲也被重新发现。