产适冷木聚糖酶的海洋产青霉的筛选和诱变

从黄海深层海底泥样中分离到1株产低温木聚糖酶的青霉,经EMS诱变得到11株酶活性提高的菌株,对其中1株产低温木聚糖酶活力最高的菌株产酶性质进行了初步研究。所产木聚糖酶在pH4．6,45℃时酶活可达25．8u／ml,比出发菌株提高126％。诱变后菌株所产木聚糖酶在0℃仍有显著酶活性,达8．2u／ml。     

微生物法生产普鲁兰酶的研究

对产普鲁兰酶的出发菌株进行筛选和诱变,使酶活从22．10u／ml提高到了40．77u／ml,酶活提高了84．4％。随后对菌体产酶培养基进行了确定和优化,得到最佳发酵培养基,在此培养基下,菌体产酶达46．76u／ml,为原酶活的114．7％。     

产胞外青霉素酰化酶菌株的选育

以短小杆菌（B．pumilus）B－97为出发菌株,经过连续两次紫外线诱变处理,分离得一突变株B－U－29。其酶活力为4．56U／ml,较出发菌株酶活力提高113．3％。对B－U－29菌株进行连续两次亚硝酸处理,分离得一正变稳定株B—H－29,酶活力为4．93u／ml,较出发菌株酶活力提高了20％。     

根霉植酸酶的研究──Ⅰ.菌株的分离筛选及发酵条件研究

从21个土样和15株产酶菌株中筛选到1株产酶能力较强的菌株——根霉（Rhizopussp.）MR020。其优化培养基组成（％）：大米粉2.0,干酪素0．05,（NH4）2SO41.0,MgSO4·7H2O0.05,FeSO4·7H2O0.01,pH5.0。其振荡培养条件：培养基装最25ml／250ml三角瓶,用培养8天、浓度为1×107个／ml的孢子悬液接种1ml,于30℃,150r／min振荡培养108h产酶量最高达4000u/ml。     

高活力β-淀粉酶菌种的选育和发酵条件的研究

产β一淀粉酶的腊状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)Asl．447,通过紫外线、亚硝基胍和利福平的反复处理诱变,获得一株具有高活力β-淀粉酶的变异菌株M一3,产酶活力从74u／ml提高到5000—7000u／ml。牛肉汁液体培养基成分为：每100ml牛肉汁中加人蛋白胨1g,可溶性淀粉1g,酵母膏0．5g,NaCl 0．5g pH6．0。该变异菌的最适培养条件是：pH6—6．5 30℃48小时。酶的最适反应条件是：温度40℃,pH7 0,pH稳定范围是6—9,酶的抗热性较差,对可溶性淀粉水解率达85％以上。     

嗜碱性芽孢杆菌碱性蛋白酶的研究II.诱变株选育及产酶条件

嗜碱性的短小芽孢杆菌R115(Alkaliphilic Bacillus pumilus)经0．4mg／ml亚硝基胍和0.4μg／ml利福平处理,获得一株具有高产稳产碱性蛋白酶的变异株(B45),产酶活力由2803μ／ml提高到6000u／ml(28℃测定),该诱变株的最适产酶条件为起始pH10．5-11．0,温度30—35℃,培养时间52—54b。0．4-0．6％K2HPO4．可增加酶的产量。     

脂肪酶产生菌Geofrichum sp. AS 2.1135产酶条件及酶一般性质的研究

在92株能同化油的地霉属菌株中,Geotrichum sp. AS2．1135菌株产脂肪酶活力为50—60u／ml,对其产酶条件的研究表明,不饱和长链脂肪酸和油类有利于酶的形成。在4％豆饼粉作为有机氮源的培养基中,加入0．2％尿素,酶活力显著增加,酶活达150u／ml。用聚乙二醇橄榄油乳化系统测定酶的作用最适pH为8．0,最适温度为4O一42℃。在pH4一9时5℃下存放24小时,或在pH 5和8时45℃保持15分钟,酶活力不变。     

胞外青霉素酰化酶产生菌的自然分离

利用菌种的自然突变进行“出发菌株Ⅱ”的自然分离,从用肉眼选出的22株菌中,经初筛选选出650u／10ml以上高产菌株8株,再经过复筛选出780u／100ml的活力菌株2株,命名为“6‘＃、8’＃”。用于胞外酶的生产,月平均酶活5975u／100ml。经验证,“6‘＃、8‘＃”高产菌产菌适用于胞外青霉素酸化酶的生产。     

热稳定β－淀粉酶高产菌株选育及发酵条件研究

从土壤中分离得到一株高温放线菌V4菌株(Thermoactinomyces sp．v4),经测定能产生热稳定β-淀粉酶。V4菌株经过热诱变获得一株具高活力β-淀粉酶的变异株A61产酶活力从400u／ml提高到1000u／ml。A61菌株产生的β-淀粉酶最适反应温度为60℃,酶的热稳定性良好,50℃保温4小时不失活,55℃保温2小时仍具有最初活力的96%。     

亚硝基胍诱变选育林肯霉素高产菌株

以林肯链霉菌９４７－８（Ｓｔｒｅｐｔｏｍｙｃｅｓｌｉｎｃｏｌｎｅｎｓｉｓ９４７－８）为出发菌株（产林肯霉素９４０γ／ｍｌ）。采用孢子热处理方法处理出发菌株孢子,得到变异株９４７－８ｓ,产林肯霉素１０８０γ／ｍｌ。对９４７－８ｓ菌株进行ＮＴＧ诱变处理,得变异株９４７－８ｘ,产林肯霉素为１２１８γ／ｍｌ,且生产能力稳定。     

利用原生质体诱变筛选碱性蛋白酶高产菌株

本实验以枯草杆菌ＡＸ—４６为出发菌株,在原生质体形成及再生的最佳条件下制备原生质体,并对原生质体进行紫外诱变处理,对大量的再生突变株进行发酵筛选,获得高产菌株ＡＰ—１２,碱性蛋白酶产量由原来的３２００．８ｕ／ｍｌ提高到４３５３．１ｕ／ｍｌ,提高率达３６％。同时又对ＡＰ—１２菌株进行遗传稳定性考查,考查结果,ＡＰ—１２是高产稳定菌株。     

Nature of the mutations that determine the ability of Bacillus subtilis A-50 to sporulate at high glucose concentrations in the medium]

The ability of Bacillus subtilis A-50 to sporulate in the medium containing high glucose concentrations is caused by at least two mutation types: pts mutations and cat (or tgl) mutations, both of them affecting differently the level of alkaline proteinase synthesis. The decrease of the level of enzyme activity in the case of pts mutation (gluR3 mutant) occurs at the expense of glucose transport disturbance. The mutation cat (tgl) (mutant gluR5) causes the increase in enzyme synthesis at the expense of catabolic resistance to glucose of genes controlling alkaline proteinase synthesis and the spore formation in Bac. subtilis A-50. cat5(gluR5) and pts3(gluR3) mutations are located on the chromosome of Bac. subtilis in the region metD and argC respectively. The over-synthesis of alkaline proteinase characteristic of Bac. subtilis A-50 is controlled by the polygenic system, as the level of alkaline proteinase synthesis in argA+ transformants makes up 25% of the level of activity of the original strain. The productivity of Bac. subtilis A-50 can be enhanced by introducing an additional cat mutation.     

产碱性纤维素酶菌株的选育和酶合成基本特性

芽孢杆菌x－6菌株经甲基磺酸乙酯（EMS）和紫外线（UV）复会诱变,从其万古霉素（Vm）抗性突变体中选育获得一突变株EV23,所产生的碱性核甲基纤维素酶（CMCase）酶活力由原来的0．84u／ml提高到3.53u／ml。EV23菌株所产该酶基本为组成性地合成纤维素酶,酶合成明显表现出抗降解物阻遏的特点,以葡萄糖为碳源培养,4％浓度时酶合成水平最高。酶合成效率受菌体生长速率影响较大。在高浓度易代谢基质和三羧酸循环中间物存在下,酶合成将受到一定程度的阻遏。酶合成还与能量代谢有关,探讨了外源ATP、cAMP对     

枯草杆菌碱性蛋白酶基因诱导表达载体的构建

以PCR方法扩增sacB基因的启动子-信号肽序列(称为sacR),将其与枯草芽孢杆菌碱性蛋白酶的前肽-成熟酶基因连接后克隆入载体pUBH,构建了含碱性蛋白酶基因的分泌型诱导表达载体pUBS,将其转化枯草芽孢杆菌DB403后,获得基因工程菌DB403(pUBS)。碱性蛋白酶基因在sacR的调控和蔗糖的诱导下实现了表达分泌,获得了具生物学活性的碱性蛋白酶。     

Properties of Bac W42, a bacteriocin produced by Bacillus subtilis W42 isolated from Cheonggukjang

Ten Bacillus strains with antimicrobial activities were isolated from Cheonggukjang produced at different parts in Korea. They all inhibited Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19111 and nine inhibited Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579. Four isolates (W42, H27, SKE 12, and K21) showing strong inhibiting activities were identified as B. subtilis. B. subtilis W42 was the most inhibiting strain. The antimicrobial activity of culture supernatant from B. subtilis W42 was destroyed completely by proteinase K treatment, indicating that a bacteriocin was the responsible agent. The bacteriocin, Bac W42, was most stable at pH 7 and stable between pH 3-6 and 8-9. Bac W42 was stable up to 80°C. BHI (brain heart infusion) and TSB (tryptic soy broth) were the best media for the activity (320 AU/ml) followed by LB (160 AU/ml). Bac W42 was partially purified by column chromatographies. The specific activity was increased from 1,151.2 AU/ml to 9,043.5 AU/ml and the final yield was 26.3%. Bac W42 was 5.4 kDa in size as determined by SDS-PAGE. Bac W42 showed bactericidal activity against L. monocytogenes ATCC 19111.     

碱性蛋白酶高产菌株EIM-8的筛选鉴定及其液体发酵条件优化

筛选分离得到一株高产碱性蛋白酶菌株EIM-8,并基于16S序列进行分子系统进化分析,鉴定该菌株为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis).同时,采用响应面法对Bacillus subtilis EIM-8的产酶条件进行了优化.首先通过单因素试验,筛选出最适碳源为玉米淀粉,最适氮源为牛肉膏.在此基础上,采用Pl...     

Highly efficient gene expression of a fibrinolytic enzyme (subtilisin DFE) in Bacillus subtilis mediated by the promoter of α-amylase gene from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens

Subtilisin DFE is a fibrinolytic enzyme produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DC-4. The promoter and signal peptide-coding sequence of alpha-amylase gene from B. amyloliquefaciens was cloned and fused to the sequence coding for pro-peptide and mature peptide of subtilisin DFE. This hybrid gene was inserted into the Escherichia coli/Bacillus subtilis shuttle plasmid vector, pSUGV4. Recombinant subtilisin DFE gene was successfully expressed in B. subtilis WB600 with a fibrinolytic activity of 200 urokinase units ml(-1).     

一株可积累鸟苷菌株的纯培养条件研究

菌株Bacillus.subtilis.S3 68是以鸟苷生产菌株B .subtilis.A0 66为出发菌经诱变所得。对该菌株进行培养条件研究的过程中 ,发现该菌株可以在摇瓶纯培养条件下积累鸟苷。试验结果表明 :发酵过程中 ,腺嘌呤的用量 0 .3 5mg/ml时 ,发酵液中鸟苷积累量最大 ,培养基中腺嘌呤的用量高于或低于 0 .3 5mg/ml均不利于鸟苷产物的积累 ;培养基中味精、硫酸铵、硫酸镁、磷酸二氢钾及Mn2 +用量显著影响发酵液中鸟苷积累水平 ;培养基中生物素、蛋氨酸、精氨酸、组氨酸、氯化钙及Fe2 +、Zn2 +用量与鸟苷积累的相关性不显著     

Azoalbumin hydrolysis by Bacillus subtilis 72 subtilisin

The kinetic parameters of azoalbumin hydrolysis by alkaline proteinase from Bacillus subtilis were determined to be Km = 1.2 . 10(-3) M, kcat = 1.5 sec-1 according to the method of Lainuiwer-Berk and Km = 4 . 10(-3) M, kcat = 0.5 sec-1 from the analysis of the entire kinetic curve. It was found that pH optimum of subtilizin hydrolysis of various substrates and the shape of the curve depended on the substrate nature.     

产鸟苷的枯草杆菌缺失GMP还原酶活性突变株的选育

以枯草杆菌ＳＭ－１２－２为出发菌株,经物理化学诱变剂连续处理,获得一株８－氮杂鸟嘌呤（８－ＡＧ）,缺失鸟苷酸（ＧＭＰ）还原酶性的突变株Ｇ－２０５。该突变株肌苷酸（ＩＭＰ）脱氢酶活性比亲株高,在培养基中积累５．１７ｍｇ／ｍｌ鸟苷,９．８４ｍｇ／ｍｌ肌苷。