细胞松弛素对嗜热四膜虫皮层细胞骨架蛋白的影响

测定了细胞松弛素B对嗜热四膜虫RF1株和BF5在生殖接合期的皮层骨架蛋白,尤其是在接合子接合膜形成和原核交换阶段影响甚大。作者发现VB处理后,与对照组相比较,皮层骨架蛋白146KD消失,27KD,43KD,47KD和174KD含量下降,32KD,41KD,51KD和54KD保持不变,结果显示,松弛素B对微纤毛蛋白27KD、43KD、47KD、146KD和174KD有影响。     

嗜热四膜虫接合生殖后期皮层细胞骨架蛋白的研究

用秋水仙素和细胞松驰素B处理接合期的嗜热四膜虫,以观察其对接合生殖期,尤其是接合后期的嗜热四膜虫皮层细胞骨架蛋白的影响,用秋水仙素处理的试验组的皮层细胞骨架蛋白组分中34KD、37KD、46KD和57KD蛋白的含量有明显改变,而用细胞松驰素B处理的试验组中40KD和74KD蛋白的含量改变较大。根据相关文献,作者推测34KD、37KD、46KD、57KD蛋白是微管蛋白,而40KD和74KD可能是微丝蛋白。这些蛋白对嗜热四膜虫接合过程中的形态发生的重要作用有等进一步研究。     

四膜虫种间骨架蛋白组分的比较研究

以上海四膜虫S1和嗜热四膜虫BF株和BT株为材料,结合显微观察,采用生化抽提、SDS-PAGE电泳、扫描及数据统计,分析与测定了三个不同株四膜虫对数生长期皮层骨架蛋白组分与含量,结果显示嗜热四膜虫的BF与BT株差异较小,两者与上海四膜虫S1株差异则较大,S1株细胞中有92KD、72KD、66KD、32KD、27KD,而BF和BT株细胞中没有,估计这些蛋白的不同与种间亲缘关系及株系、培养条件等有着密不可分的联系.       

棘尾虫有性生殖的发动和诱导自配的研究

本文观察了棘尾虫的接合反应。按照接合早期接合状态的变化,将接合反应分成10个时期,并将不同时期的接合对人工拆开,令其继续发育,然后计算每一时期中由营养虫转变为有性过程的虫体的百分比。结果表明,有性过程的发动是在Ⅳ期。一旦发动即不能逆转。将Ⅳ期被拆开的虫体横切成相等的前后切块,发现一些前切块由营养状态转变为有性状态,发生了自配,而所有后切块保持营养状态,发生了再生。这一现象意味着有性过程的发动不是整个细胞的一种突然改变,看来是一种从前向后的信息传递过程。用上述人工方法诱导出棘尾虫的自配,核器发生的观察表明,自配体中的桉行动和自配后体中核胚基的发育,所有这些核的事件都与接合生殖的相似,只不过没有两个配偶之间迁移原核交换罢了。对伴随着自配发生皮层重组也做了观察,自配的形态发生也与接合中的一样。     

食物质量对棉铃虫繁殖力的影响

在成虫期有补充营养条件下,幼期取食棉叶、棉铃和人工饲料个体的平均单雌产卵量分别为565．2、1005．8和1052．2粒;成虫期无补充营养,则单雌产卵量依次为162．2、400．6和1035．6粒。幼期营养较差者产卵前期显著增加、产卵期和寿命明显缩短,幼期营养较好者则影响不大。这种现象表明：棉铃虫成虫期补充营养是幼虫期营养的延续,幼虫期营养较差者需获得补充营养完成生殖活动,若幼虫期营养较好,则成虫无补充营养也能保持较高的繁殖力。     

棘尾虫接合生殖的研究——Ⅰ.接合生殖中的核行动

纤毛虫属于单细胞动物,它们通常以二分裂法进行无性繁殖,但到一定时期和在一定条件下也要进行有性生殖。它们有性生殖的一种主要方式叫做接合生殖,这种有性生殖法不能形成真正的配子与合子,只能通过两个接合的亲体间进行生殖核的交换而形成合子核,因此不存在脱离亲体的独立的配子细胞,和由之而产生的与亲体可以并存的子代。     

上海四膜虫接合生殖期间皮层细胞骨架蛋白的研究

本文采用生化抽提,结合电泳及显微技术,对上海四膜虫（Ｔｅｔｒａｈｙｍｅｎａｓｈａｎｇｈａｉｅｎｓｉｓ）Ｓ１皮层细胞骨架（ｃｏｒｔｉｃａｌｃｙｔｏｓｋｅｌｅｔｏｎ）的蛋白组份,及其在接合生殖期间的变化进行了一系列的研究,初次探索了Ｓ１株上海四膜虫在接合生殖中皮细胞骨架的蛋白组份及含量,并分析了它们与间期,接合分开时期同类蛋白相互间的差异,发现在接合生殖时期７６－８８ｋＤ蛋白有突出的表现,而９０ｋＤ和     

四膜虫S1有性生殖的电镜观察 Ⅰ.小核的成熟分裂和核内微管系统

关于本株四膜虫的接合生殖,包括接合前的行为、减数分裂、核的分化以及接合后体的发育等,我们曾进行过光学显微镜的观察(陈阅增等1982)。我们发现本株四膜虫在接合前有聚集成团的现象,克隆内接合形成的接合后体能正常分裂,并产生正常的大核系     

植物营养生长与生殖生长的对立统一关系

植物和动物,在生活方式上迥然不同。植物的茎和根的尖端生长点可以始终保持胚胎状态的无定期的生长、伸长,尽量扩大与更新它由环境吸收营养与能量的面积。以后在适当的外界条件下才出现性器官的形成。以开花为界,可以把植物的生活周期分为两个时期:前期只是营养器官的生长,称营养生长期;后期以生殖过程为主,称生殖生长期。通常以第一朵花的出现(或从花芽分化开始)做为从营养生长向生殖生长过渡的标志。     

棘尾虫接合期间染色体行为的观察

本文对棘尾虫接合生殖各时期的小核发育及染色体行为进行了观察,见到接合期间每种属于小核的分裂均有染色体的形成。获得了小核减数分裂的清晰图象。在蛋白银制品上发现了核内非染色体成分的细微细微结构、初充了前人观察的不足。     

The epiplasm gene EPC1 influences cell shape and cortical pattern in Tetrahymena thermophila

The cortical protein Epc1p is the most abundant protein in the membrane skeleton, or epiplasm, of Tetrahymena thermophila. A partial sequence of the EPC1 gene was obtained and used to obtain a knockout construct that was successful in transforming Tetrahymena thermophila cells. The results support the conclusion that Epc1p influences cell shape and the fidelity of cortical development. It was further observed that this protein is transferred from plus to minus cells during conjugation, and that the imported protein is assembled into the epiplasm of the recipient cell in a discreet series of steps.     

错配修复蛋白Mlh3对四膜虫有性生殖是必需的

DNA错配修复(mismatch repair, MMR)是一种进化中保守的机制,它校正DNA复制过程中产生的错误,维持基因组的稳定性。MMR家族蛋白同时也参与多种DNA相关的生物学功能。本研究从嗜热四膜虫鉴定了一种新的错配修复蛋白MLH3基因,该基因预测编码 319 个氨基酸,在有性生殖期特异表达。免疫荧光定位表明,HA-Mlh3定位在有性生殖期减数分裂的小核和新发育的大核中。MLH3 敲除的突变体细胞株,在有性生殖发育期停滞在两大核和两小核阶段,新大核DNA复制受阻。γ-H2A.X 检测表明,新大核和小核有性生殖后期断裂的基因组不能正常修复,发育中的细胞裂解,不能形成有性生殖后代。结果表明,Mlh3参与四膜虫新大核发育过程基因组的断裂修复和复制,对四膜虫的有性生殖是必需的。     

用双向电泳分析百合减数第一分裂周期蛋白质的变化

利用双向电泳方法检测到百合减数第一分裂花粉母细胞内约有130种蛋白质组分,其中有两类蛋白质呈现周期性变化。70KD／pI6.1,66KD/pI6.4,68KD/pI7.2在中期、后期消失,末期重新出现;而10KD／pI5.3则在中、后期出现、末期消人。在减数第一分裂不同时期也有多种蛋白质的合成与降解现象,20KD/pI3.7,17KD/pI3.8,16KD/pI3.7,15KD/pI3.3,11KD/pI3.8,10KD/pI3.7六种蛋白质在后期合成;蛋白质呈现出周期变化和在不同分裂时期的合成与降解可能与减数分裂不同时期的周期调控有关。     

四膜虫细胞的核骨架及类中间纤维

采用非树脂包埋去包埋剂超薄切片结合选择性生抽提方法显示,原生动物四膜虫细胞大核具有发达的核骨架纤维网络,核周是一层完整的核纤层结构,在四膜虫细胞小核中,亦存在核骨架和核纤层。四膜虫细胞皮层中存在水下溶性纤维网架,其中含有类中间纤维蛋白组分,４９ＫＤ蛋白。     

Deciliation Induces Phosphorylation of a 90-kDa Cortical Protein in Tetrahymena thermophila

ABSTRACT. We have used the anti-phosphoprotein antibody MPM-2 to examine changes in phosphorytation of cortical proteins during cilia regeneration in Tetrahymena thermophila . Although numerous cortical proteins are phosphorylated in both nondeciliated and deciliated cells, deciliation induces a dramatic increase in the phosphorylation of a 90-kDa cortical protein. The 90-kDa protein remained phosphorylated during cilia regeneration and then gradually became dephosphorylated. The 90-kDa protein was phosphorylated and dephosphorylated normally in Tetrahymena mutants that assemble short cilia, suggesting that achievement of full length is not the signal that triggers dephosphorylation of the 90-kDa protein. When initiation of cilia assembly is blocked, the 90-kDa protein becomes phosphorylated and remains phosphorylated for an extended period of time, suggesting that initiation of cilia elongation triggers eventual dephosphorylation of the 90-kDa protein, regardless of how long the cilia actually become.     

Mating pheromone-induced alteration of cell surface proteins in the heterobasidiomycetous yeast Tremella mesenterica.

Mating pheromone-induced alteration of the cell surface proteins of haploid cells, presumed to play crucial roles in the specific cell-cell interactions during sexual conjugation of Tremella mesenterica , was investigated. Exposed surface proteins were revealed by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination in combination with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. From comparison of the molecular species of 125I-labeled surface proteins of the vegetative and the gamete (mating pheromone-treated) cells of the two compatible mating types (ab and AB), it was suggested that a striking change in cell surface structure occurs during the differentiation; although labeled protein species of the vegetative cells of the two mating types were indistinguishable, several new species, both mating type specific and nonspecific, appeared in the gamete cells. Turnover of the labeled proteins of the vegetative cells was negligible, whereas that of the gamete cells was rapid with release of low-molecular-weight labeled proteins in the medium. A role for the labeled surface proteins of the gamete cells in the cell-cell interactions during sexual conjugation was suggested by the following: the surface changes were induced by mating pheromone; the labeled proteins were preferentially localized on the surface of the mating tube; the labeled species appeared sequentially during the differentiation; and mating type-specific species were present in both mating types.