Are genetic variations in IL-21–IL-23R–IL-17A cytokine axis involved in a pathogenic pathway of rheumatoid arthritis? Bayesian hierarchical meta-analysis

Inflammatory cytokines have been established to be involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The genetic polymorphisms in the interleukin (IL) 23 receptor (IL23R), IL21, and IL17 have been associated with RA risk. However, there is no conclusive understanding of the genes encoding the immunoinflammatory IL-21–IL-23R–IL-17A pathway in RA aetiopathogenesis. This meta-analysis was conducted to attain this goal. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in Scopus and PubMed to look for the relevant case–control studies up until 2018. A Bayesian hierarchical meta-analysis was carried out to assess the association between the polymorphisms and the risk of RA. The association was estimated by calculating the logarithm of odds ratio (Log OR) and 95% credible interval (95% CI). In this meta-analysis, 37 case–control studies comprising 23,506 RA patients and 25,984 healthy individuals were found for analyzing the IL23R, IL21, and IL1A gene polymorphism and risk of RA. In the IL23R gene rs1343151 SNP, the minor A allele significantly increased the risk of RA (Log OR = 0.085, 95% CI = 0.008, 0.156). Moreover, the minor AA genotype was significantly associated with increased RA risk (Log OR = 0.176, 95% CI = 0.028, 0.321). In addition, the C allele of the IL23R gene rs2201841 SNP significantly decreased the disease risk (Log OR = −0.544, 95% CI = −1.0, −0.065). Since Bayesian meta-analysis is a powerful strategy to pool the data, it can be mentioned that genetic polymorphisms of IL23R, but not IL21 and IL17A, are involved in susceptibility to RA.     

From Single Variants to Protein Cascades: MULTISCALE MODELING OF SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE VARIANT SETS IN GENETIC DISORDERS*

Understanding the role of genetics in disease has become a central part of medical research. Non-synonymous single nucleotide variants (nsSNVs) in coding regions of human genes frequently lead to pathological phenotypes. Beyond single variations, the individual combination of nsSNVs may add to pathogenic processes. We developed a multiscale pipeline to systematically analyze the existence of quantitative effects of multiple nsSNVs and gene combinations in single individuals on pathogenicity. Based on this pipeline, we detected in a data set of 842 nsSNVs discovered in 76 genes related to cardiomyopathies, associated nsSNV combinations in seven genes present in at least 70% of all 639 patient samples, but not in a control cohort of healthy humans. Structural analyses of these revealed primarily an influence on the protein stability. For amino acid substitutions located at the protein surface, we generally observed a proximity to putative binding pockets. To computationally analyze cumulative effects and their impact, pathogenicity methods are currently being developed. Our approach supports this process, as shown on the example of a cardiac phenotype but can be likewise applied to other diseases such as cancer.     

香科科属植物中二萜研究进展

文章综述了近五年来国内外研究香科科属植物中二萜的进展情况,列出了３３个二萜化合物的简要理化常数,重点分析了Ｃｌｅｒｏｄａｎｅ型二萜珠结构特点及光谱特征。     

菝葜属的生物学和化学研究进展

本文简要综述了菝葜属（Smilax L.）植物的生物学和植物化学研究进展,特别是甾体皂甙成分的结构和药理活性开发利用等的研究进展。     

鱼体微量元素的生态化学特征研究

本文以１６种鱼的１６个元素含量和相应水环境中的元素含量的大量分析数据为基础,分析了鱼体内微量元素的生态化学特征。结果表明,鱼体内一些元素之间存在显著相关性,且一种元素的含量能较好地用几种其它元素的回归方移表示。鱼体对微量元素有很强的富集作用,１２种微量元素在１２种鱼体的个均富集系数（鱼体／过滤水）在７９２－２１２０６之间,文中比较了不同元素的富集水平,以及不同鱼种的富集能力。鱼体和水中的徽量元素之间存在显著相关性,相关系数为０．９８００。     

Genetics and rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility in Iran

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder with a number of risk factors, including both genetic and environmental. A number of RA risk associated genomic loci has been identified. In this review, we summarize the association of genetic factors with RA reported in population studies in Iran. No significant association was found between the majority of genetic factors identified in other populations and risk for RA in the Iranian subjects. This conflicting result could be due to the ethnic differences and diversity that are present in Iran. We conclude that there is a need to investigate larger groups of Iranian subjects, encompassing different regions of Iran, to either prove or refute these initial findings.     

热喷雾液质联用技术在药用植物化学研究中的应用

本文对近年来国内外学者利用热喷雾液质联用技术进行药用植物化学研究的情况进行了综述 ,并介绍了几个较为重要的应用实例。     

植物凝集素在植物体内的生理作用

现有研究表明,植物种子中的凝集素是植物体内的储存蛋白;扁豆和稻胚凝集素对胚胎的分裂和分化有促进作用;在豆科植物和根瘤菌之间的共生作用中,凝集素起着高度专一的识别作用;麦胚凝集素在种胚萌发时,起着抗真菌的作用;体外实验也证明凝集素对危害玉米的主要害虫的发育有阻碍作用;还发现植物凝集素具有酶的活性和酶抑制剂的作用,从而调节植物体的生理活动。     

遗传密码格式的组合编码数分析

用N个密码子对m个编码对象进行编码的编码格式是m元N维空间中的一个顶点。64个密码子对20种氨基酸和终止密码子进行编码格式的组合编码数是一个十分巨大的数字。对多元高维编码空间的拓扑特性进行了分析和研究 ,并由此推导出m -N空间的特性三角的排列方式以及给出特性三角公式的数学证明。指出 ,目前的遗传密码的编码格式是21元64维编码空间的一个顶点。应用组合数学分析的方法 ,计算了遗传密码格式的最大组合编码数CM =4.19×1084 ,基因组遗传密码的组合编码数CG =1.13×1080 以及线粒体遗传密码的组合编码数CT =1.38×1079 等。分析结果表明 ,遗传密码的指定是一个小概率事件 ,可能来源于λ简并后的偶数三联密码配对的组合编码的对称破缺     

蛙下丘听觉神经元对双耳强度差检测功能的建模和仿真

建立了蛙下丘听觉神经元对双耳刺激强度差检测功能的一个数学模型。按此模型所作的计算机仿真和相应实验结果比较的一致性支持了下列假设 :下丘中的EO神经元对同侧刺激不产生反应可能是由于接受了来自同侧的强烈抑制性输入 ,从而掩盖了它同时接受到的来自同侧耳的兴奋性输入。而来自同侧的抑制性输入 ,与来自对侧的兴奋性输入可能通过突触前抑制的相互作用 ,则导致了EE神经元的双耳抑制现象。     

岷江上游植被冠层降水截留的空间模拟

 通过对岷江上游实地踏查和定位观测研究,结合MODIS遥感数据,利用“3S”技术对岷江上游植被冠层降水截留进行了空间模拟。研究结果表明：岷江上游植被叶面积指数（LAI）与增强性植被指数（EVI）以二项式关系拟合效果较好。由于归一化植被指数（NDVI）存在的饱和问题,研究采用EVI反演LAI,统计结果表明：岷江上游LAI值在0～2之间的占28.57%,在2～4.5之间的占63.06%,大于4.5的占8.37%,其中LAI最大值为7.394;从冠层最大降水截留模拟结果来看: 植被较好的地区,如卧龙、米亚罗的植被冠层最大降水截留量较大,而干旱河谷、上游高山草甸等地的植被冠层最大降水截留量相对较低;附加冠层降水截留与降雨量呈线性相关,模型验证时以此为基础,模型模拟的结果较为理想。     

我国瑶、汉、壮、苗、维五个民族补体成份B因子多态性的调查报告

用琼脂糖凝胶高压电泳及免疫固定技术对我国瑶、汉、壮、苗、维五个民族人群的补体B因子(Bf)的多态性进行了检测,结果显示,这五个民族的Bf基因频率均以s型最高,但参差不齐。从高到低的顺序是瑶0.9071,汉0.8727,壮0.8426,苗0.7667,维0.6622。BfF基因频率其次,但也高低不一,从高到低的顺序是维0.2680,苗0.2000,壮0.1343,汉0.1159,瑶0.0929。频率居第三位的是BfSO7,差别显著,维0.0586,苗0.0333,壮0.0232,汉0.0091,瑶0.0000。在罕见型方面,220例份汉族人中发现一例SO45杂合子,222例份维族中检出4例FO65及1例F1杂合子。本文结合我国其他民族及全球大量检测数据进行了一些对比讨论。     

DEVELOPMENTAL STUDIES IN PORPHYRA (BANGIOPHYCEAE). II. CHARACTERIZATIO OF THE MAJOR LECTIN BINDING GLYCOPROTEINS IN DIFFERENTIATED REGIONS OF THE PORPHYRA PERFORATA THALLUS1

Detergent soluble extracts of differentiated regions of the Porphyra perforata J. Ag. thallus (holdfast, rhizoidal, vegetative and reproductive cells) were fractionated on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels. Glycoproteins were identified by their lectin affinity. Extracts from all areas of the thallus contained glycoproteins, but the staining patterns were different for each region with each of the lectins tested: concanavalin A, Ulex europeaus agglutinin, Ricinus communis agglutinin, soybean agglutinin and peanut agglutinin. These data indicate that the morphologically distinct regions of the thallus also differ biochemically. Analysis of the lectin blots revealed the presence of tissue-specific glycoproteins in the five thallus areas. Such unique glycoproteins could be used as markers of differentiation in this species.     

全球古海水化学演化与世界主要海相钾盐沉积关系暨中国海相成钾探讨

地球历史中海水的成份不是一直不变的,而是经历了"方解石海"与"文石海"的交替。不同的海水化学决定了不同的蒸发岩沉积序列,并决定了不同时期的蒸发岩矿物组合。海相钾盐沉积于海水蒸发的最后阶段,而同一时期全球海水组成基本一致,因此可以通过地质历史时期全球海水组成及海相沉积石盐的流体包裹体组成分析,探讨世界主要钾盐沉积与海水组成和盐度变化的关系,分析中国海相、海陆交互相蒸发岩沉积时期的钾盐沉积条件与标志,预测钾盐成矿的有利地质时代和层位。     

基于DEM的黄河中游植被恢复对年均径流量影响的估计

植被恢复及其对年均径流量影响的空间格局对黄土高原生态环境建设及水资源管理具有重要指导作用。在分析植被适宜性分布规律的基础上, 基于黄河中游河口-龙门区间100 m 地形高程模型(DEM)和专家经验进行了区域植被适宜性制图, 并基于参数率定后的多年平均蒸散量计算公式和水平衡模型, 估算了不同植树造林情景下年均径流量的变化。结果表明, 河龙区间符合植被带分布规律的适宜区植树面积为6.6×10³ km², 次适宜区植树面积为4.8×10³ km², 分别占研究区总面积的5.8%和4.3%。土地覆被现状条件下区域产水约为33.8 mm (38.07×10⁸m³)。适宜区植树后, 区域产水减少量约为1.9 mm (2.12×10⁸m³), 减少5.6%。适宜区和次适宜区均植树后, 区域产水减少量约为3.1 mm (3.49×10⁸m³), 减少9.2%。空间分布格局表明, 区域局部减水最大达到48 mm。受气候条件影响, 东南部高降雨量地区的流域适宜植树面积达45.1%, 相应减水比例达36.0%。西北部低降雨量地区的流域植树面积约为0.7%, 相应的减水比例为0.4%。     

远志属植物中(口山)酮类成分及其药理研究进展

全面总结了远志属植物中的各种口山酮类化学成分及其药理活性和最新进展。远志属植物在自然界分布广泛 ,口山酮类成分丰富且具有多方面的药理活性 ,开发前景广阔     

13C核磁共振谱在三萜和三萜甙化学中的应用

本文简略地叙述了三萜和三萜甙的~(13)C NMR谱及其在研究生物合成、立体化学和阐明结构等方面的应用。