Are genetic variations in IL-21–IL-23R–IL-17A cytokine axis involved in a pathogenic pathway of rheumatoid arthritis? Bayesian hierarchical meta-analysis

Inflammatory cytokines have been established to be involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The genetic polymorphisms in the interleukin (IL) 23 receptor (IL23R), IL21, and IL17 have been associated with RA risk. However, there is no conclusive understanding of the genes encoding the immunoinflammatory IL-21–IL-23R–IL-17A pathway in RA aetiopathogenesis. This meta-analysis was conducted to attain this goal. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in Scopus and PubMed to look for the relevant case–control studies up until 2018. A Bayesian hierarchical meta-analysis was carried out to assess the association between the polymorphisms and the risk of RA. The association was estimated by calculating the logarithm of odds ratio (Log OR) and 95% credible interval (95% CI). In this meta-analysis, 37 case–control studies comprising 23,506 RA patients and 25,984 healthy individuals were found for analyzing the IL23R, IL21, and IL1A gene polymorphism and risk of RA. In the IL23R gene rs1343151 SNP, the minor A allele significantly increased the risk of RA (Log OR = 0.085, 95% CI = 0.008, 0.156). Moreover, the minor AA genotype was significantly associated with increased RA risk (Log OR = 0.176, 95% CI = 0.028, 0.321). In addition, the C allele of the IL23R gene rs2201841 SNP significantly decreased the disease risk (Log OR = −0.544, 95% CI = −1.0, −0.065). Since Bayesian meta-analysis is a powerful strategy to pool the data, it can be mentioned that genetic polymorphisms of IL23R, but not IL21 and IL17A, are involved in susceptibility to RA.     

From Single Variants to Protein Cascades: MULTISCALE MODELING OF SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE VARIANT SETS IN GENETIC DISORDERS*

Understanding the role of genetics in disease has become a central part of medical research. Non-synonymous single nucleotide variants (nsSNVs) in coding regions of human genes frequently lead to pathological phenotypes. Beyond single variations, the individual combination of nsSNVs may add to pathogenic processes. We developed a multiscale pipeline to systematically analyze the existence of quantitative effects of multiple nsSNVs and gene combinations in single individuals on pathogenicity. Based on this pipeline, we detected in a data set of 842 nsSNVs discovered in 76 genes related to cardiomyopathies, associated nsSNV combinations in seven genes present in at least 70% of all 639 patient samples, but not in a control cohort of healthy humans. Structural analyses of these revealed primarily an influence on the protein stability. For amino acid substitutions located at the protein surface, we generally observed a proximity to putative binding pockets. To computationally analyze cumulative effects and their impact, pathogenicity methods are currently being developed. Our approach supports this process, as shown on the example of a cardiac phenotype but can be likewise applied to other diseases such as cancer.     

菝葜属的生物学和化学研究进展

本文简要综述了菝葜属（Smilax L.）植物的生物学和植物化学研究进展,特别是甾体皂甙成分的结构和药理活性开发利用等的研究进展。     

鱼体微量元素的生态化学特征研究

本文以１６种鱼的１６个元素含量和相应水环境中的元素含量的大量分析数据为基础,分析了鱼体内微量元素的生态化学特征。结果表明,鱼体内一些元素之间存在显著相关性,且一种元素的含量能较好地用几种其它元素的回归方移表示。鱼体对微量元素有很强的富集作用,１２种微量元素在１２种鱼体的个均富集系数（鱼体／过滤水）在７９２－２１２０６之间,文中比较了不同元素的富集水平,以及不同鱼种的富集能力。鱼体和水中的徽量元素之间存在显著相关性,相关系数为０．９８００。     

热喷雾液质联用技术在药用植物化学研究中的应用

本文对近年来国内外学者利用热喷雾液质联用技术进行药用植物化学研究的情况进行了综述 ,并介绍了几个较为重要的应用实例。     

DEVELOPMENTAL STUDIES IN PORPHYRA (BANGIOPHYCEAE). II. CHARACTERIZATIO OF THE MAJOR LECTIN BINDING GLYCOPROTEINS IN DIFFERENTIATED REGIONS OF THE PORPHYRA PERFORATA THALLUS1

Detergent soluble extracts of differentiated regions of the Porphyra perforata J. Ag. thallus (holdfast, rhizoidal, vegetative and reproductive cells) were fractionated on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels. Glycoproteins were identified by their lectin affinity. Extracts from all areas of the thallus contained glycoproteins, but the staining patterns were different for each region with each of the lectins tested: concanavalin A, Ulex europeaus agglutinin, Ricinus communis agglutinin, soybean agglutinin and peanut agglutinin. These data indicate that the morphologically distinct regions of the thallus also differ biochemically. Analysis of the lectin blots revealed the presence of tissue-specific glycoproteins in the five thallus areas. Such unique glycoproteins could be used as markers of differentiation in this species.     

全球古海水化学演化与世界主要海相钾盐沉积关系暨中国海相成钾探讨

地球历史中海水的成份不是一直不变的,而是经历了"方解石海"与"文石海"的交替。不同的海水化学决定了不同的蒸发岩沉积序列,并决定了不同时期的蒸发岩矿物组合。海相钾盐沉积于海水蒸发的最后阶段,而同一时期全球海水组成基本一致,因此可以通过地质历史时期全球海水组成及海相沉积石盐的流体包裹体组成分析,探讨世界主要钾盐沉积与海水组成和盐度变化的关系,分析中国海相、海陆交互相蒸发岩沉积时期的钾盐沉积条件与标志,预测钾盐成矿的有利地质时代和层位。     

同种介形类壳体的多态性兼及化石介形类的物种鉴定

介形类个体发育过程中壳体形状及各种构造的多态性,以及各种外界环境因素对分形类壳体各种分类特征形态变化的影响是十分明显的。该文较系统地阐述了在介形类个体发育中壳体形状、大小、肌痕、边缘毛细管带、边庭、铰合构造及纹饰的变化,并介绍了成年期雌、雄性壳体及左、右壳瓣在形态上的差异;列举了环境因素(主要是水体温度、含盐度、深度)对介形类壳体各分类特征形态变化的影响。基于以上事实,提出了古生物工作者在介形类化石鉴定中应注意的一些问题并讨论了某些描述术语的具体标准。     

MODELING THE ANNUAL PRODUCTION OF INTERTIDAL BENTHIC MICROALGAE IN ESTUARINE ECOSYSTEMS1

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a habitat-specific production simulation model to quantify annual benthic microalgal production in North Inlet estuary, South Carolina. Using hourly measurements of incident irradiance during 1990–1991 as the forcing function, the simulation model was used to obtain hourly estimates of areal benthic microalgal gross primary production in five habitat types. The model, which was validated using actual measurements of production, showed good (r²= 0.63, P < 0.001) agreement between observed and predicted production in the short Spartina alterniflora Loisel zone habitats showed the highest mean hourly production (61.1 mg C m^?2 h^?1) while intertidal mudflats had the maximum hourly rate (166.9 mg C m^?2 h^?1). Daily production was highly variable, primarily due to daily fluctuations in irradiance. Annual estimates of habitat-specific production were multiplied by the mates of habitat-specific production were multiplied by the known area of each habitat type to determine total microalgal production for the estuary (3.423 × 10⁹ g C yr^?1). Short Spartina zone habitats provided 45% of total microalgal annual production, followed by intertidal mudflats (22%), tall Spartina zones (18%), shallow subtidal (13%) and microalgal production exceeds phytoplankton and microalgal production but is less than Spartina production.     

远志属植物中(口山)酮类成分及其药理研究进展

全面总结了远志属植物中的各种口山酮类化学成分及其药理活性和最新进展。远志属植物在自然界分布广泛 ,口山酮类成分丰富且具有多方面的药理活性 ,开发前景广阔     

鸡胚凝集因子在发育过程中的活性变化

人们认为,细胞表面含碳水化合物的蛋白质可能在细胞相互作用中起着重要作用。从脊椎动物中分离出凝集因子以后(Teichberg et al., 1975;Nowak et al., 1977),许多研究表明这类凝集因子是与膜相结合的。这些发现支持了人们原先的设想。Beyer等人(1979;1980)从成体鸡肠中分离出一种结合乳糖的凝集因子,这种凝集因子似乎存在于粘液分泌小粒之中。1980年Pitts和Yang又从鸡胚肾脏中分离出一种结合乳糖的凝集因子,它可能是一种外周蛋白质。尽管他们的实验证明了成体鸡肾和肠这两种器官,同视网膜、肝脏、肌肉、心脏、脑和脊髓一样,存在着结合乳糖的凝集因子。但凝集因子在这两     

THE NUCLEOLUS OF PARACENTROTUS LIVIDUS DURING THE DEVELOPMENT IN THE PRESENCE OF ACTINOMYCIN D*

An ultrastructural study of the nucleolus of embryos of Paracentrotus lividus was carried out after treatment with Actinomycin D. It was shown that the fibrillar component of the nucleolus persists in the embryos treated with Actinomycin D in the mesenchyme blastula stage and fixed 24 and 48 hr after fertilization. The results are discussed in relation to the synthesis of RNA.     

纳洛酮和阿托品翻转电针抑制关节炎大鼠束旁核神经元伤害性反应的作用

用急性佐剂性关节炎大鼠作为病理性疼痛的实验模型,以丘脑束旁核中对伤害性刺激发生兴奋反应的单位放电作为指标,观察电针的影响,并分析其机制。实验发现电针能明显抑制伤害性反应;脑室注射阿片受体阻断剂纳洛酮（４μｇ／１０μｌ）或Ｍ受体阻断剂阿托品（５μｇ／１０μｌ）均能翻转电针的这种抑制作用。实验还发现脑室注射纳洛酮或阿托品对关节炎大鼠束旁核神经元自发放电有增频作用。实验结果提示：电针对关节炎大鼠丘脑束旁核神经元伤害性反应的抑制,可能是通过脑内阿片系统和胆碱能系统而发挥作用的;这两个系统对关节炎大鼠丘脑束旁核神经元自发放电可能有紧张性抑制作用。     

BIOSYNTHESIS OF ECDYSONE IN THE ISOLATED ABDOMEN OF THE SILKWORM,BOMBYX MORI*

During pupal-adult development of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, the ecdysone titer changes, exhibiting two maxima in the females: one on the second day of pupal development and the other just before adult emergence. During the second maximum, ecdysone accumulates in the ovaries. It also accumulates in isolated abdomens, which were prepared just after pupal ecdysis and induced to initiate adult development by injection with β-ecdysone. Several lines of evidence suggest that ecdysone is synthesized in the ovary itself.