不同水肥管理对红花生长的影响及红花根际解磷菌的筛选和鉴定

【目的】分析不同水肥条件对红花生物量、根际土壤磷素及微生物的影响,并从红花根际土壤样品中分离具有高效解磷能力的菌株,为红花科学水肥管理提供理论依据,并为红花的生长发育和根际微环境研究提供优良菌株。【方法】采用不同磷肥梯度处理红花,在红花的莲座期、伸长期、盛花期和种子成熟期检测植株生物量,同时测定植株根际土壤微生物、全磷和速效磷以及土壤磷酸酶活性,并进行差异性和相关性分析。采用抖土法和稀释涂布法分离筛选具有高效解磷能力的菌株。通过16S rRNA基因序列比较分析,对其进行鉴定。通过钼锑抗比色法测定菌株在不同培养基中的溶磷能力。利用灌根法和稀释涂布法接种优势菌株,分析菌株在红花根际定殖能力和促生能力。【结果】W3-P2的水肥处理有利于红花生物量的积累,速效磷含量和磷酸酶活性随施加磷肥浓度的增加呈先增大后减小趋势,水分对土壤全磷、速效磷和磷酸酶的影响与红花发育时期相关。细菌是红花根际土壤的优势菌群,在种子成熟期W4-P2处理组细菌数目最多,分别为3.017×10⁷ CFU/g和3.021×10⁷ CFU/g,远高于相同处理组的真菌和放线菌。从红花根际土壤筛选出5株高效解磷菌株（登录号C1：OR493125;C2：OR493126;C5：OR493127;C6：OR493128;C7：OR493129）,均对以无机磷和有机磷为唯一磷源的培养基具有溶磷能力和降低pH的功能,其中C6的溶磷能力最强,在磷酸三钙、磷酸铝、磷酸铁和植酸钙无机磷培养基中解磷量分别为380.00、269.32、7.15、48.16 mg/L,在有机磷（卵磷脂）培养基中解磷量为18.19 mg/L。通过16S rRNA基因序列分析,C6为假单胞菌属,C1、C2、C5、C7为中华根瘤菌属。在红花植株周围接种2%优势解磷菌C1、C5和C6菌体悬液（10⁸ CFU/mL）,在21 d时仍然保持在10⁵ CFU/g,其中C6定殖能力最强。同时检测盛花期生物量（叶片数、株高、茎粗、茎秆重和根长）,结果显示均能显著促进红花生长,其中C6菌株促生能力最强,分别为122片、115.96 cm、12.49 mm、43.36 g、21.17 cm。【结论】水肥影响红花根际微环境的速效磷含量和微生物数目的变化水平,促进红花根系的生长发育,从而直接或间接影响红花生物量,W3-P2的水肥量相对适合红花的生长。菌株C6是一株高效解磷菌株,能够分解难溶性有机磷和无机磷,盆栽实验表明C6可以在红花根际定殖并显著促进红花生长。     

Synthesis and Biological Activity of O,O-Dialkyl S-(5-Aryl-l,3,4-oxadiazol-2(3H)-on-3-yl)methyl Phosphorothioates and Phosphorodithioates

Some phosphorus derivatives of oxadiazoles were synthesized to seek insecticidal lead compounds. The l,3,4-oxadiazol-2-ones were converted via the N-methylol derivatives to the corresponding N-chloromethyl derivatives. From these derivatives a variety of O,O-dimethyl phosphorodithioates 4, O,O-dimethyl phosphorothioates 5 and O,O-di-i-propyl phosphorothioates 6 were prepared.

These phosphorus derivatives were examined for insecticidal activity towards houseflies and for anti-acetylcholinesterase (anti-AChE) activity using the housefly heads as an enzyme source. Most of the compounds 4 and 5 showed contact toxicity as high as the analogous methidathion insecticides, which appeared to correlate with the strong anti-AChE activity. On the other hand, all the compounds 6 showed a high activity in AChE inhibition but only a poor insecticidal activity.     

PHOSPHORUS DYNAMICS IN THE MONIMOLIMNION OF SWARTVLEI

SUMMARY

The exchange of phosphorus between the bottom sediment and monimolimnion of Swartvlei, a meromictic, humic lake, was investigated during the last three months of 1980. The concentrations of oxygen, dissolved salts, phosphorus and Fe⁺⁺ in the water column were monitored, and electrode potentials in the bottom mud were measured, at approximately weekly intervals. At the same time laboratory experiments were performed, using Jenkin core samples, to observe the effect of changing oxygen concentration and salinity on phosphate exchange between sediment and water, and on electrode potentials at the sediment-water interface. Phosphorus was released under unaerobic conditions at a rate of 2,5 mg P m^?2 d^?1 and was taken up again under aerobic conditions at 1,6 mg P m^?2 d^?1 These values were in agreement with existing observed data on changes in phosphate concentration.     

反硝化除磷戈登氏菌属的富集及其菌剂制备

【背景】投加微生物菌剂是强化生物处理效能的重要手段,反硝化是污水脱氮除磷的关键步骤,但目前对于反硝化微生物菌剂相关的研究报道较少。【目的】驯化高效反硝化聚磷菌菌剂,并对系统进行生物强化。【方法】采用两阶段法快速富集反硝化聚磷菌,筛选高效脱氮除磷功能菌株NC1-1并进行鉴定,以NC1-1为菌种来源制备干粉菌剂,研究菌剂强化A²SBR系统污水处理效果。【结果】历经36 d后反硝化聚磷菌富集成功,菌株NC1-1经鉴定属于戈登氏菌属,其脱氮除磷率分别为89.46%和91.68%。麦麸、玉米粉配比为85%:15%、NC1-1投菌量为20 mL、发酵液用量20 mL的条件下成功制得干粉菌剂,干粉菌剂最佳投加量为10%的A²SBR系统总磷（total phosphorus,TP）和NO₃^--N去除率比未投加菌剂的A²SBR系统提高12.06%和11.52%。【结论】菌剂NC1-1的投加使A²SBR系统的污染物去除效能进一步提高,研究结果为进一步研究反硝化聚磷菌菌剂提供了...     

基于植物-土壤反馈的不同绿肥驯化微生物对玉米生长的影响

【背景】在农田生态系统中,土壤微生物与植物互作的机制仍不清楚。【目的】进一步加强对植物-微生物互作的认识,筛选出引起不同反馈作用的关键微生物或微生物类群。【方法】采集豆科绿肥救荒野豌豆(Vicia sativa, V)、十字花科绿肥油菜(Brassica napus, N)和荒坡土壤(remnant prairie, R)驯化的田块土壤0-20 cm作为菌剂在温室进行植物-土壤反馈(plant-soil feedback,PSF)试验。土壤菌剂的接种量为10%,即有90%理化性质一致的灭菌土壤作为背景土,同时设置灭菌土壤菌剂作为对照(CK),种植玉米。每组土壤菌剂处理均分为50 mg/kg高磷(high phosphorus,HP)和5 mg/kg低磷(low phosphorus, LP)两个磷浓度处理。玉米收获后,测定产量和植株地上部磷含量,并取土壤样品进行高通量测序,解析不同养分供给情况下微生物对作物生长的反馈效应。【结果】高磷和土壤反馈效应均促进了玉米的生长。在低磷水平下,V、N和R处理的玉米地上部生物量均高于CK处理,但N处理的玉米地上部生物量增加最多(38%),且增幅显著高...     

碳酸镧咀嚼片联合依降钙素对血液透析高磷血症患者冠状动脉钙化及血磷水平的影响

摘要 目的：观察碳酸镧咀嚼片联合依降钙素对血液透析高磷血症患者冠状动脉钙化及血磷水平的影响。方法：选取2019年8月~2021年3月我院接收的血液透析高磷血症患者120例,采用双色球法,将患者分为对照组（60例,依降钙素治疗）和观察组（60例,在对照组基础上结合碳酸镧咀嚼片治疗）,对比两组疗效、血磷、血钙、钙磷乘积、全段甲状旁腺激素（iPTH）、成纤维生长因子23（FGF-23）、冠状动脉钙化积分（CACS）,观察两组不良反应发生情况。结果：观察组临床总有效率（91.67%）优于对照组（70.00%）（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率组间对比无差异（P>0.05）。观察组治疗结束后血磷、iPTH、血钙、FGF-23、钙磷乘积、CACS低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：血液透析高磷血症患者采用碳酸镧咀嚼片联合依降钙素治疗,可延缓冠状动脉钙化,有效降低血磷水平,安全有效。     

Increased seminal root number associated with domestication improves nitrogen and phosphorus acquisition in maize seedlings

Background and AimsDomesticated maize (Zea mays ssp. mays) generally forms between two and six seminal roots, while its wild ancestor, Mexican annual teosinte (Zea mays ssp. parviglumis), typically lacks seminal roots. Maize also produces larger seeds than teosinte, and it generally has higher growth rates as a seedling. Maize was originally domesticated in the tropical soils of southern Mexico, but it was later brought to the Mexican highlands before spreading to other parts of the continent, where it experienced different soil resource constraints. The aims of this study were to understand the impacts of increased seminal root number on seedling nitrogen and phosphorus acquisition and to model how differences in maize and teosinte phenotypes might have contributed to increased seminal root number in domesticated maize.MethodsSeedling root system architectural models of a teosinte accession and a maize landrace were constructed by parameterizing the functional–structural plant model OpenSimRoot using plants grown in mesocosms. Seedling growth was simulated in a low-phosphorus environment, multiple low-nitrogen environments, and at variable planting densities. Models were also constructed to combine individual components of the maize and teosinte phenotypes.Key ResultsSeminal roots contributed ~35 % of the nitrogen and phosphorus acquired by maize landrace seedlings in the first 25 d after planting. Increased seminal root number improved plant nitrogen acquisition under low-nitrogen environments with varying precipitation patterns, fertilization rates, soil textures and planting densities. Models suggested that the optimal number of seminal roots for nutrient acquisition in teosinte is constrained by its limited seed carbohydrate reserves.ConclusionsSeminal roots can improve the acquisition of both nitrogen and phosphorus in maize seedlings, and the increase in seed size associated with maize domestication may have facilitated increased seminal root number.     

东北丘陵区林地转型耕地对土壤编码碱性磷酸酶基因的细菌群落的影响

【目的】通过研究林地转型耕地对土壤编码碱性磷酸酶基因的细菌群落丰度、多样性和结构的影响,为丘陵区耕地长期施肥下农田土壤微生物多样性丧失的影响机制以及未来的退耕还林过程中土壤微生物多样性的提升和土地可持续利用研究提供一些基础数据和技术支撑。【方法】采用实时荧光定量PCR (real-time quantitative PCR,qPCR)和高通量测序技术解析土壤编码碱性磷酸酶基因的细菌群落的丰度、多样性和结构变化,并耦合土壤化学性质分析,明确土壤编码碱性磷酸酶基因的细菌群落丰度和多样性与土壤化学性质的关系以及关键的驱动因子。【结果】林地垦殖为农田后,长期施肥导致土壤酸化,pH从5.58降至4.72,而土壤速效磷则从2.49 mg/kg增至49.3 mg/kg。相应地,耕地土壤编码碱性磷酸酶基因的细菌群落的丰度和Shannon指数均显著低于林地。基于编码碱性磷酸酶的phoD基因(alkaline phosphatase-encoding gene)序列的物种分类表明,丘陵区土壤编码碱性磷酸酶基因的细菌群落的优势门为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、蓝藻门(Cyanobacteria)、浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia),其中林地土壤的蓝藻门的相对丰度显著高于耕地。耕地土壤的慢生根瘤菌属(Bradyrhizobium)和芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)的相对丰度显著高于林地,而中慢生根瘤菌属(Mesorhizobium)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、Chlorogloea属、Gemmata属、Phormidesmis属和Pseudolabrys属的相对丰度显著低于林地。土壤编码碱性磷酸酶基因的细菌群落结构因林地转型耕地而发生显著改变。phoD基因丰度和Shannon指数与pH显著正相关,而与总磷、速效磷、硝态氮和铵态氮均显著负相关,其中土壤速效磷是这些影响因素中影响最强烈的,长期施用无机磷肥导致含碱性磷酸酶的土壤细菌群落对有机磷分解的能力退化。【结论】林地转型耕地加之长期施肥改变了土壤pH和速效磷,并在其他理化因子的协同驱动下,导致土壤编码碱性磷酸酶基因的细菌群落丰度、多样性和结构的显著变化。     

Starch phosphorylation associated SNPs found by genome-wide association studies in the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Background

The natural variation of starch phosphate content in potatoes has been previously reported. It is known that, in contrast to raw starch, commercially phosphorylated starch is more stable at high temperatures and shear rates and has higher water capacity. The genetic improvement of phosphate content in potato starch by selection or engineering would allow the production of phosphorylated starch in a natural, environmentally friendly way without chemicals. The aim of the current research is to identify genomic SNPs associated with starch phosphorylation by carrying out a genome-wide association study in potatoes.

Results

A total of 90 S. tuberosum L. varieties were used for phenotyping and genotyping. The phosphorus content of starch in 90 potato cultivars was measured and then statistically analysed. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the third and eighth principal components appeared to be sensitive to variation in phosphorus content (p = 0.0005 and p = 0.002, respectively). PC3 showed the correlation of starch phosphorus content with allelic variations responsible for higher phosphorylation levels, found in four varieties. Similarly, PC8 indicated that hybrid 785/8–5 carried an allele associated with high phosphorus content, while the Impala and Red Scarlet varieties carried alleles for low phosphorus content. Genotyping was carried out using an Illumina 22 K SNP potato array. A total of 15,214 scorable SNPs (71.7% success rate) was revealed. GWAS mapping plots were obtained using TASSEL based on several statistical models, including general linear models (GLMs), with and without accounting for population structure, as well as MLM. A total of 17 significant SNPs was identified for phosphorus content in potato starch, 14 of which are assigned to 8 genomic regions on chromosomes 1, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, and 11. Most of the SNPs identified belong to protein coding regions; however, their allelic variation was not associated with changes in protein structure or function.

Conclusions

A total of 8 novel genomic regions possibly associated with starch phosphorylation on potato chromosomes 1, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, and 11 was revealed. Further validation of the SNPs identified and the analysis of the surrounding genomic regions for candidate genes will allow better understanding of starch phosphorylation biochemistry. The most indicative SNPs may be useful for developing diagnostic markers to accelerate the breeding of potatoes with predetermined levels of starch phosphorylation.

     

高通量血液透析联合草酸艾司西酞普兰对尿毒症伴焦虑抑郁患者临床应用研究

目的:探讨高通量血液透析联合草酸艾司西酞普兰对尿毒症伴焦虑抑郁患者血清钙磷代谢、营养状态和不良心理状态的影响。方法:选取2016年2月～2018年8月期间保定市第一中心医院收治的尿毒症伴焦虑抑郁患者113例,根据数字表法将患者随机分为对照组(n=56)和研究组(n=57),对照组给予心理治疗和常规血液透析治疗,研究组给予高通量血液透析联合草酸艾司西酞普兰治疗。比较两组患者钙、磷水平、营养状态、焦虑抑郁评分,记录两组不良反应发生情况。结果:两组患者治疗3个月后磷下降,且研究组低于对照组(P0.05),研究组磷水平达标率均高于对照组(P0.05)。研究组治疗3个月后白蛋白(Alb)、血红蛋白(Hb)、总蛋白(TP)、转铁蛋白(TRF)较治疗前升高,且研究组高于对照组同时间点(P0.05)。两组治疗3个月后汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评分较治疗前下降,且研究组低于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者不良反应发生率比较无差异(P0.05)。结论:高通量血液透析联合草酸艾司西酞普兰治疗尿毒症伴焦虑抑郁患者,可有效降低血清磷水平,改善机体营养状态,缓解焦虑抑郁情绪,同时不增加不良反应发生率,临床应用价值较高。     

蔗叶堆肥中一株泡盛曲霉溶磷能力的鉴定及其对辣椒的促生效果

[目的]从甘蔗叶堆肥中分离筛选具有高效溶磷及促生功能的菌株,为微生物肥料制备提供一种可利用的菌种资源.[方法]以Ca3(PO4)2和Zn3(PO4)2为磷源,进行平板溶磷筛选实验;采用形态学特征和ITS rDNA序列分析法进行菌种鉴定;采用液体摇瓶培养测定菌株的溶磷能力;将溶磷菌接种至辣椒幼苗根部分析其促生效应.[结果...     

人工湿地反应性填料开发及其脱氮除磷性能研究

【目的】人工湿地填料作为反硝化电子供体可以高效且稳定地脱氮除磷,但是填料的选用方式和作用机理尚不明确。【方法】本文以磁黄铁矿、菱铁矿和农业废弃物(木屑等)为人工湿地填料,研究了其对人工湿地反硝化脱氮除磷的效果。【结果】结果显示,质量比1:1的矿石组合和木屑以3:1的质量比作为混合填料,驯化8个周期后NO₃^--N和PO₄^3--P的平均去除率达到88.6%和88.9%。扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscopy,SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,XPS)、X射线衍射仪(X-ray diffraction,XRD)和群落分析结果表明,微生物能有效利用矿石及其次生产物和木屑进行高效和持久的脱氮除磷,脱氮除磷功能菌硫杆菌(Thiobacillus)、罗姆布茨菌(Romboutsia)和溶杆菌(Lysobacter)得到了富集。【结论】本研究为人工湿地实际应用中新型填料的选择提供理论依据与指导意义。     

菌藻共生系统对序批式反应器处理养猪废水脱氮除磷效果及微生物群落结构的影响

【背景】养猪废水作为高浓度有机废水,是导致我国农业面源污染的主要因素之一。目前采用菌藻共生系统处理养猪废水越来越受到关注,与传统序批式反应器(Sequencing Batch Reactor,SBR)相比,藻辅助SBR具有提高脱氮除磷效果、增加污泥活性和降低能源消耗的特点。【目的】针对SBR中菌藻共生系统对养猪废水脱氮除磷效能的影响,比较分析菌藻共生系统与常规SBR系统中污泥特性及微生物群落结构特征差异。【方法】在室温条件下分别平行运行SBR+微藻(R1)和作为对照系统不添加微藻的SBR(R2)。监测R1和R2系统废水处理效果,污泥的粒径、沉降性和代谢产物等污泥特性。利用变性梯度凝胶电泳(Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis,DGGE)技术分析R1和R2系统中的微生物种类和分布。【结果】与对照R2反应器相比,R1的化学需氧量(Chemical Oxygen Demand,COD)去除率提高了5.1%,NH4+-N提高了20.3%,总氮(Total Nitrogen,TN)提高了19.4%,总磷(Total Phosphorus,TP)提高了23.9%。进一步对反应器中的污泥特性进行分析发现,与R2相比,R1的胞外聚合物(ExtracellularPolymericSubstances,EPS)平均含量提高3.7%,可溶性微生物产物(Soluble MicrobialProduct,SMP)平均增加了38.5%。同时R1的污泥粒径较R2提高了14.8%,污泥体积指数(Sludge Volume Index,SVI)值较R2降低了11.7%,污泥的好氧呼吸速率(Specific Oxygen Uptake Rate,SOUR)较R2提高了64.8%,而且稳定的菌藻共生系统的形成进一步减少反应器出水中的悬浮固体浓度,表明藻类的添加对R1污泥特性具有改良作用【结论】R1反应器形成的菌藻共生体系可进一步优化微生物群落结构,其中放线菌纲(Actinobacteria)、α-变形菌纲(Alphaproteobacteria)和γ-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria)为R1反应器的主要菌群,对养猪废水的处理起到重要作用。R1反应器中的藻类主要为链带藻属(Desmodesmus)和尖带藻属(Acutodesmus),对养猪废水的脱氮除磷起到重要作用。     

高通量血液透析联合肾衰宁颗粒对尿毒症患者钙磷代谢、炎症反应以及营养状况的影响

摘要 目的：探讨高通量血液透析（HFHD）联合肾衰宁颗粒对尿毒症患者钙磷代谢、炎症反应以及营养状况的影响。方法：选取2017年1月~2019年10月在我院接受血液透析治疗的尿毒症患者114例作为研究对象,按随机数字表法分成对照组和观察组,每组各57例,对照组给予HFHD,观察组在对照组基础上口服肾衰宁颗粒。两组均治疗3个月。比较两组患者治疗前后肾功能指标,包括尿素氮（BUN）、血肌酐（Scr）、肾小球滤过率（GFR）;钙磷代谢相关指标血清钙、血清磷、甲状旁腺激素（PTH）;炎症反应指标,包括降钙素原（PCT）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）;营养状况指标,包括白蛋白（ALB）、血红蛋白（Hb）、血清总蛋白（TP）。结果：治疗后两组患者BUN、Scr、GFR、血清磷、PTH、PCT、CRP、IL-6较治疗前降低,血清钙、ALB、Hb、TP较治疗前升高,观察组患者BUN、Scr、GFR、血清磷、PTH、PCT、CRP、IL-6低于对照组,血清钙、ALB、Hb、TP高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：HFHD联合肾衰宁颗粒治疗尿毒症,可有效改善患者的钙磷代谢和肾功能,改善机体炎症状态及营养状况。     

Management of Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in Stages 3 and 4 Chronic Kidney Disease

ObjectiveTo review approved treatment options for secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) in patients with stages 3 and 4 chronic kidney disease (CKD).MethodsRecently published data on the diagnosis and treatment of SHPT in patients with CKD were critically assessed.ResultsEarly detection of SHPT is critical for effective treatment. Approximately 40% of patients with stage 3 CKD and 80% of patients with stage 4 have SHPT due to low serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels. Appropriate treatment involves suppression of parathyroid hormone (PTH) to normal levels with active vitamin D therapy and phosphate binders. Ergocalciferol or cholecalciferol should be used to correct 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels either before or during active vitamin D therapy. Active vitamin D analogues include calcitriol, doxercalciferol, and paricalcitol. Calcitriol is effective, but has a narrow therapeutic window at higher doses because of hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia, which require frequent monitoring. Doxercalciferol is also effective, but has been associated with significant elevations in serum phosphorus requiring greater use of oral phosphate binders. Paricalcitol effectively suppresses PTH with minimal impact on serum calcium and phosphorus. Limited data exist on the use of cinacalcet in treating SHPT in stages 3 and 4 CKD, and it is only approved for use in patients receiving dialysis.ConclusionSHPT is an early and major complication of CKD. Treatment involves suppression of PTH to prevent metabolic bone disease, bone loss, and metabolic complications that may result in marked morbidity and mortality. Early detection of elevated PTH levels with appropriate intervention using active vitamin D therapy, even in the absence of elevated serum phosphorus and reduced serum calcium, is critical. (Endocr Pract. 2008;14:18-27)     

LOSS OF NUTRIENTS FROM WATER SAMPLES BY FILTRATION AND ITS AFFECT ON ALGAL BIOASSAY PROCEDURES

SUMMARY

Water samples were collected from fourteen sampling points along the Hunyani River system and subjected to various filtration treatments involving glass fibre filters and 1,2 and 0,45 pm membrane filters. Chemical analyses of the filtered waters showed that nitrogen, phosphorus and iron were lost by different filtration treatments. Filtration by membrane filters led to a reduction of algal growth potential as demonstrated by algal bioassays using Selanastrwn capricornutum Printz as the test alga.

Algal bioassays showed that biologically available phosphorus was primarily removed by the 1,2 μm membrane filter while biologically available nitrogen and iron was principally lost by filtration through the 0,25 μm membrane filter. A refined algal bioassay designed to determine the identity of limiting micronutrients found that all essential micronutrients were affected by membrane filtration.     

Chemical Analysis of Deposits at Rodgers Shelter,Missouri

Abstract

While chemical analyses of deposits from archaeological sites have often used phosphorus as an indicator of past human activity, there is little agreement on which type of phosphorus test is most useful for particular problem orientations. This paper evaluates the utility of tests for total phorphorus, available phosphorus, and organic matter in stratified cultural deposits at Rodgers Shelter, Missouri. Total phosphorus correlates highly with faunal debris density and seems to be most useful for internal site structure investigation. Available phosphorus appears to be associated with natural soil development as well as intensity of past human activity, and should be a good indicator of potential and actual subsurface cultural horizons. Organic matter is found to have lower correlation with cultural debris densities than does phosphorus. In addition, debris density and phosphorus distributions allow the formulation of hypotheses concerning natural mixing of cultural materials at the site andthe development of subsurface soil horizons     

益肾活血汤联合百令胶囊对慢性肾功能衰竭患者肾功能、钙磷代谢和T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

摘要 目的：探讨益肾活血汤联合百令胶囊对慢性肾功能衰竭患者肾功能、钙磷代谢和T淋巴细胞亚群的影响。方法：选取2020年5月~2022年3月期间上海中医药大学附属曙光医院收治的102例慢性肾功能衰竭患者,按随机数字表法分为对照组（常规西医治疗）和观察组（常规西医治疗联合益肾活血汤和百令胶囊治疗）,各51例。两组均治疗8周。对比两组疗效及治疗前、治疗8周后中医证候积分、肾功能、钙磷代谢和T淋巴细胞亚群的变化。结果：观察组治疗8周后的临床总有效率为92.16%（47/51）,高于对照组的74.51%（38/51）（P<0.05）。治疗8周后,两组中医主证积分、次证积分均较治疗前下降,且相比于对照组,观察组更低（P<0.05）。治疗8周后,血肌酐、尿素氮、24 h尿蛋白在两组中均较治疗前下降,且观察组低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗8周后,两组CD8⁺较治疗前下降,且观察组低于对照组（P<0.05）,而CD4⁺、CD3⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺均较治疗前升高,且观察组高于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗8周后,两组血磷、钙磷乘积下降,且观察组低于对照组（P<0.05）,血钙均升高,且观察组高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：益肾活血汤联合百令胶囊治疗慢性肾功能衰竭患者,可提高肾功能,改善钙磷代谢和T淋巴细胞亚群,并缓解其临床症状,疗效确切,值得临床借鉴应用。     

莱茵衣藻E2泛素结合酶CrUBC23调控油脂积累

【目的】为研究莱茵衣藻(Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)泛素结合酶(ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes,E2)CrUBC23在莱茵衣藻油脂代谢中的作用,为高产油微藻基因工程改良和揭示藻类油脂合成及代谢调控机理奠定基础。【方法】qRT-PCR分析莱茵衣藻在低氮、低磷胁迫下泛素结合酶CrUBC23表达情况;克隆CrUBC23同源基因干涉片段和全长基因,构建RNAi干涉载体和过量表达载体,转化莱茵衣藻并检测生物量和油脂含量;构建CrUBC23-GFP融合表达载体,用农杆菌浸染洋葱表皮细胞进行亚细胞定位。【结果】莱茵衣藻在低氮、低磷胁迫下CrUBC23基因表达量显著增加,增加幅度分别为正常培养的4.98–5.80倍和1.85–5.20倍。RNAi干扰结果显示,转基因藻细胞中性脂含量降低5.5%,总脂含量降低3.16%–17.6%。过量表达结果显示,转基因藻细胞中性脂含量增加8.8%,总脂含量增加4.51%–14.03%。【结论】CrUBC23正向调控莱茵衣藻油脂代谢,该基因定位于细胞核。