SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF SOME ACYCLIC α-(1H-PYRAZOLO[3,4-d]PYRIMIDIN-4-YL)THIOALKYLAMIDE NUCLEOSIDES

ABSTRACT

The chemical synthesis of some acyclic α-(1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)thioalkylamide nucleosides (10–12)a–c is described. The treatment of 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-thione 1 with compounds 2a–c gave, regioselectively, ethyl α-(1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)thioalkylates 3a-c, respectively. These heterocycles were alkylated, separately, with alkylating agents 4, 5 and 6 to give, regioselectively, the N₁-acyclic nucleosides (7-9)a-c which were deprotected to afford the desired products (10-12)a-c. All synthetic compounds were characterized on the basis of their physical and spectroscopic properties. The products (10-12)a–c were evaluated for their inhibitory effects against the replication of HIV-1 (III_B), HIV-2 (ROD), various DNA viruses, a variety of tumor-cell lines and M. tuberculosis. No marked biological activity was found.     

Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of 3′-Deoxy-3′-(4-Substituted-Triazol-1-YL)-5-Methyluridine

An efficient protocol has been developed for the synthesis of a small library of 3′-deoxy-3′-(4-substituted-triazol-1-yl)-5-methyluridine using Cu(I)-catalyzed Huisgen–Sharpless–Meldal 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of 3′-azido-3′-deoxy-5-methyluridine with different alkynes under optimized condition in an overall yields of 76%–92%. Here, the azido precursor compound, i.e., 3′-azido-3′-deoxy-5-methyluridine was chemoenzymatically synthesized from D-xylose in good yield. Some of the alkynes used in cycloaddition reaction were synthesized by the reaction of hydroxycoumarins or naphthols with propargyl bromide in acetone using K₂CO₃in excellent yields. All synthesized compounds were unambiguously identified on the basis of their spectral (IR, ¹H-, ¹³C NMR spectra, and high-resolution mass spectra) data analysis.     

Discovery of N-{N-[(3-cyanobenzene) sulfonyl]-4(R)-(3,3-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-(l)-prolyl}-4-[(3′,5′-dichloro-isonicotinoyl) amino]-(l)-phenylalanine (MK-0617), a highly potent and orally active VLA-4 antagonist

A series of prolyl-N-isonicotinoyl-(L)-4-aminophenylalanine derivatives substituted at the proline 4-position with cyclic amines was evaluated as VLA-4 antagonists. The ring size and presence or absence of fluorine affected potency and receptor occupancy. The analog with 3,3-difluoropiperidine at the proline 4-position (13) was the most potent compound and had very good duration of receptor occupancy in vitro. The ethyl ester prodrug of 13 demonstrated excellent receptor occupancy after oral dosing in rats.     

SYNTHESIS AND ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF 4-AMINO-5-OXO-8-(β-D-XYLOFURANOSYL) PYRIDO[2,3-d]PYRIMIDINE

4-Amino-5-oxo-8-(βD-xylofuranosyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine (4) was recently synthesized and evaluated in our laboratories for anticancer activities. This compound showed potent in vitro inhibitory effects on the growth of HTB-81 prostate cancer cells and Daudi-lymphoma. In vivo studies showed that the compound could inhibit HTB-81 tumor growth in syngeneic mice by 93% at a daily dose of 8.5 mg/kg for 10 days.     

N-(1-萘乙酰基)-N′-(4-氨替吡啉基)硫脲(NAT)对玉米幼苗的生理效应

NAT为我们通过酰基异硫氰酸酯与胺类化合物的加成反应合成的一种未见报道的酸基硫脲化合物。玉米（Zeamays）品种新黄单904（由新乡市农科所提供）的种子经粒选后,分别用蒸馏水（对照）和浓度为0.1mg/L的NAT浸种24h,种子萌发后,迅速移植在培养缸上的尼龙网上,于人工光照箱中进行水培（温度为25～28C;每天照光11’h,光照度工300lx人采用Hoagland完全营养液,每7d更换一次。玉米幼苗长出1片叶后,测定各种生理指标。呼吸速率用小篮子法;叶绿素含量按Arnon的方法（Plantphysiol,1949,24：l）;NR活性用磺胺比色法（华东师范大学…     

2′-C-ALKOXY AND 2′-C-ARYLOXY DERIVATIVES OF N-(2-PHOSPHONOMETHOXYETHYL)-PURINES AND -PYRIMIDINES: SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY

A series of novel, unusual type of acyclic phosphonate-based nucleotide analogues related to well-known antivirals (PMEA and HPMPA) was synthesized using easily available synthon. These compounds, which are distinguished for the presence of phosphonomethyl acetal linkage, form a group of derivatives that contribute to the understanding of structure-activity relationship within the area of acyclic nucleotide analogues.     

CHANGES IN EPILOBIUM PHYLLOTAXY INDUCED BY N-1-NAPHTHYLPHTHALAMIC ACID AND α-4-CHLOROPHENOXYISOBUTYRIC ACID

Preliminary studies establishing relationships between leaf plastochron index and Epilobium hirsutum L. shoot growth provide a method for rigorous selection of plants utilized in experiments designed to test the working hypothesis that endogenous auxin gradient interactions are factors of phyllotactic control in this species. Application of N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA), an auxin transport inhibitor, to one of the youngest bijugate primordia on the shoot meristem results in increased growth of the treated primordium. Fasciation between the treated primordium and one of the next primordia to be initiated alters relative vertical spacing of primordia. Angular shifts between subsequent primordia result in spiral transformation of Epilobium bijugate phyllotaxy. Application of α-4-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid (CPIB), an auxin antagonist, to one of the youngest bijugate primordia on the shoot meristem results in decreased growth of the treated primordium that alters both radial and vertical spacing of primordia. This is followed by angular shifts between subsequent primordia resulting in spiral transformation of the bijugate phyllotaxy. Changes in the growth parameters of NPA- and CPIB-treated shoots are similar. Relative plastochron rates of radial and vertical shoot growth of induced spiral shoots are about half those of lanolin paste control shoots, as are the plastochrons and relative plastochron rates of leaf elongation. Treated shoot meristems have eccentricities of 0.5 as compared to bijugate control meristem eccentricities of 0.7. No significant difference is apparent between basal transverse areas of treated and control shoot meristems. The relative chronological rates of growth of treated shoots are not significantly different from those rates of control shoots. Spiral transformation results from changes in relative positions of leaf primordia insertion on the shoot meristem, not from changes in growth of treated shoots. These changes are accompanied by an increased rate of leaf initiation on a more circular shoot meristem. Existing theoretical models of phyllotaxy are discussed in relation to these chemically induced changes of Epilobium leaf arrangement.     

Mechanism of killing of HeLa cells by the antitumor sulfonylurea,N-(4-methylphenylsulfonyl)-N′-(4-chlorophenyl)urea (LY 181984)

Summary The antitumor sulfonylureas appear to inhibit both mitochondrial activity in susceptible human colon lines and to inhibit the oxidation of NADH by isolated plasma membrane vesicles from HeLa cells. The results reported here describe the morphological appearance of HeLa cells treated with the antitumor sulfonylurea N-(4-methylphenylsulfonyl)-N-(4-chlorophenyl)urea (LY181984). The cells remain viable for several days although the rate of increase in cell number is slowed especially at high concentrations of the drug. Cells become smaller with normal nuclei or maintain a normal size but contain multiple or enlarged nuclei. The morphological observations suggest that the drug may somehow interfere with the ability of the cells to enlarge following cytokinesis. Between 72 and 96 h, the cells begin to die. Cell death is accompanied by a condensed and fragmented appearance of the nuclear DNA as revealed by fluorescence microscopy with 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole suggestive of apoptosis. Early transients in loss of pH control (4 min after sulfonylurea addition) and an increase in cytoplasmic calcium (4 h after sulfonylurea addition) were observed but were small and perhaps secondary to the mechanism responsible for the failure of the cells to grow and ensuing cell death.     

Homo-C-Nucleoside Analogs† II. Synthesis and Anomeric Configuration of 4-(2,5-Anhydro-D-Gluco-PEntitol-1-YL)-2-Phenyl2H-1,2,3-Triazole††

Abstract

Treatment of 4-(D-gluco-pentitol-l-y1)-2-pheny1–2H-1,2,3-triazole (1) with p-toluenesulfonyl chloride in pyridine solution, afforded the homo-C-nucleoside analog, 4-(2,5-anhydro-D-gluco-pentitol-1-yl)-2-phenyl-2H-1,2,3-triazole (2) as well as its partial p-toluenesulfonyl derivative (3). 4-(5-Chloro-5-deoxy-D-gluco-pentitol-1-yl)-2-phenyl-2H-1,2,3-triazole (8), was isolated as a byproduct from the reaction. The structure and anomeric configuration of 2 was determined by acylation, ¹H, ¹³C NMR, and NOE, spectroscopy as well as mass spectrometry.

     

抽穗期施用N-(2-氯-4-吡啶基)-N′-苯基脲对水稻与产量有关性状的影响(简报)

以大田和盆栽试验相结合的方法研究表明,在杂交水稻抽穗前后5d期间喷施5～10mg·L(-1)4PU－30后,水稻单穗和实粒重、结实率以及灌浆速度均有提高,但对产量没有影响,4PU－30与营养元素配合使用可增产10％。     

Discovery of N-(4′-(indol-2-yl)phenyl)sulfonamides as novel inhibitors of HCV replication

A series of novel 2-phenylindole analogs were synthesized and evaluated for activity in subgenomic HCV replicon inhibition assays. Several compounds containing small alkyl sulfonamides on the phenyl ring exhibiting submicromolar EC₅₀ values against the genotype 1b replicon were identified. Among these, compound 25d potently inhibited the 1b replicon (EC₅₀ = 0.17 μM) with 147-fold selectivity with respect to cytotoxicity. Compound 25d was stable in the presence of human liver microsomes and had a good pharmacokinetic profile in rats with an IV half-life of 4.3 h and oral bioavailability (F) of 58%.     

4-N，N-二甲胺基偶氮苯-4′-异硫氰酸酯(DABITC)用于多肽微量氨基酸顺序的测定

前文曾介绍一种高灵敏度DABITC方法,今已成功地应用于微量多肽激素的氨基酸顺序测定,所取样品为猪胰岛素-B链、促黄体生成素释放激素及未知顺序的蝮蛇毒舒缓激肽增强因子等。样品量仅为8—30毫微克分子(nmol)。一、实验部分 1.材料和试剂猪胰岛素-B链,促黄体生成素释放激素(LRH)分别由本所胰岛素组和东风厂提供,蝮蛇毒舒缓激肽增强因子,由本实验室自制。DABITC试剂本所东风厂产品,化学试剂和溶剂的纯度,均为分析纯,并经重新处理聚酰胺薄膜为黄岩实验化工厂出品。 2.实验操作多肽激素(8—30nmol)置于1×5厘米刻度离心管,使溶于100微升50％v/v吡啶溶液,用50微升DABITC溶液(0.6毫克DABITC溶于260微升吡啶溶液)充氮气1分钟。在52℃水浴保温     

非天然氨基酸N-保护的D-(L-)4-吡啶丙氨酸的合成研究

合成了非天然氨基酸N 保护的D (L ) 4 吡啶丙氨酸 ,其结构分别通过旋光度、核磁共振、红外、元素分析得到确证。     

非天然β-氨基酸L-7-(N-苄氧羰基)氨基-3-(N-叔丁氧羰基)氨基-正庚酸的合成

以 Nε-苄氧羰基保护的 L -赖氨酸 ( L - Lys( Z) - O H)为原料 ,经过混合酸酐活化 ,与重氮甲烷反应合成重氮酮 ,再经 W olff重排 ,合成了具有光学活性的 L- 7- ( N -苄氧羰基 )氨基 - 3- ( N-叔丁氧羰基 )氨基 -正庚酸     

N-(2-氯-4-吡啶基)-N'-苯基脲(CPPU)对无疣墙藓原丝体发育与芽体发生的影响

0.2、0.4、1.0及1.5mg·L-1 4个浓度的N-(2-氯-4-吡啶基)-N'-苯基脲(CPPU)对无疣墙藓的孢子萌发没有显著影响,但抑制绿丝体伸长和侧枝生成,对芽体的分化有明显的促进,且芽体发生数随浓度升高而增加.     

N-(1-萘乙酰基)-,N’-(4-氨替吡啉基)硫脲对小麦幼苗的几种生理效应

小麦（Triticumaestivum）品种温－2540的种子用0．1％的HgCl2灭菌10min，每份取300粒，分别用N－（1－萘乙酸基）－，N’－（4－氨替吡啉基）硫脲（NAT，先用少量二甲亚砜溶解后，再溶于蒸馏水中）和NAA各50、10、1．0、0．1mg·L－1及蒸馏水浸种17h后，播于铺有3层滤纸的培养皿中，加等量蒸馏水，于25℃培养箱中萌发。胚芽鞘伸长至一定长度后转移到培养缸的尼龙网上，于人工光照箱中进行水培（Hoagland完全营养液，25℃，每天光照11h，光照度1400lx）。苗展开叶片时，喷施与浸种相对应浓度的药液。种子萌发72h时，随机取30粒，用精…     

Discovery of novel N-(5-(arylcarbonyl)thiazol-2-yl)amides and N-(5-(arylcarbonyl)thiophen-2-yl)amides as potent RORγt inhibitors

Novel series of N-(5-(arylcarbonyl)thiazol-2-yl)amides and N-(5-(arylcarbonyl)thiophen-2-yl)amides were discovered as potent retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor-gamma-t (RORγt) inhibitors. SAR studies of the RORγt HTS hit 6a led to identification of thiazole ketone amide 8h and thiophene ketone amide 9g with high binding affinity and inhibitory activity of Th17 cell differentiation. Compound 8h showed in vivo efficacy in both mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and collagen induced arthritis (CIA) models via oral administration.     

Discovery of (3S,4S)-3-methyl-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-(4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-hydroxyprop-2-yl)phenyl)pyrrolidines as novel RORγt inverse agonists

A novel series of cis-3,4-diphenylpyrrolidines were designed as RORγt inverse agonists based on the binding conformation of previously reported bicyclic sulfonamide 1. Preliminary synthesis and structure–activity relationship (SAR) study established (3S,4S)-3-methyl-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-(4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-hydroxyprop-2-yl)phenyl)pyrrolidine as the most effective scaffold. Subsequent SAR optimization led to identification of a piperidinyl carboxamide 31, which was potent against RORγt (EC₅₀ of 61 nM in an inverse agonist assay), selective relative to RORα, RORβ, LXRα and LXRβ, and stable in human and mouse liver microsomes. Furthermore, compound 31 exhibited considerably lower PXR Y_max (46%) and emerged as a promising lead. The binding mode of the diphenylpyrrolidine series was established with an X-ray co-crystal structure of 10A/RORγt.