EFFECTS OF MICROWAVES AND ELF MAGNETIC FIELD ON THE PHAGOCYTIC ACTIVITY OF VARIOUSLY TREATED RAT MACROPHAGES

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 9450-MHz microwaves and extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELFMF) on the phagocytic activity of rat macrophages in control rats and those treated with vitamins C and E. In the microwave group, 24 albino Wistar rats were exposed to microwaves (2.65 mW/cm², specific absorption rate [SAR]: 1.80 W/kg) for 1 h/day for 21 days. Thirty-two albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups (one control, three experimental) (n = 8). The rats in the first exposure group were only exposed to microwaves for 1 h per day for 21 days. In addition to exposure with microwaves as in the first experimental group, vitamins E and C (150 mg/kg/day) were injected intraperitoneally into the rats in the second and third exposure groups, respectively. In the magnetic field exposure group, 26 albino Wistar rats were divided into two groups: the sham (n = 12) and exposed groups (n = 14). The rats in the experimental group were exposed to ELFMF (50 Hz, 0.75 mT) for 3 h/day for 3 weeks. After completing the exposure period, the rats were sacrificed under ketalar anesthesia. The viability of isolated alveolar macrophages of rats in the microwave and ELF groups was determined and compared to sham groups. The results were analyzed with the Mann–Whitney U test. In the microwave group, the phagocytic activity in the experimental groups was found to be higher than the sham groups. However, with phagocytic activity in rats treated with both microwaves and vitamins, only the vitamin C group was significant (p < 0.05). In the magnetic field group, the phagocytic activity of rats exposed to ELFMF was lower than that of the sham group, but the results were not significant (p > 0.05). Rectal temperatures of microwaveexposed groups were found to be significantly higher compared to the control group (p < 0.05).     

INFLUENCE OF ALUMINUM IN BIOLOGIC EFFECTS OF ELF MAGNETIC FIELD STIMULATION

We studied the influence of a weak, extremely low-frequency magnetic field (MF) with a frequency of 50 Hz and a peak amplitude of 103 μT and aluminum solution (in the form of AlCl₃) at different concentrations (0, 40, 70, 100, 130, 160, 400, 800, 2000, and 5000 μM) on the growth of spruce seedlings (Picea abies). The results showed that stimulatory and statistically significant MF effects on the growth of seedlings were observed only with a 100-μM aluminum solution. Slight stimulative effects were also observed within the range of concentrations between 40 and 160 μM Al³⁺ (all the stimulated groups taken together). Germination and fresh weight were not significantly influenced. At these concentrations the aluminum solution alone (without MF) or the MF alone (without Al³⁺) did not influence the growth parameters. These results suggest the importance of synergistic action of the MF with environmental factors as well as the existence of “physiologic windows” in addition to the frequency and power ones.     

ELF MAGNETIC FIELD EFFECTS ON FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF PHOSPHOLIPID FRACTION AND REPRODUCTION OF RATS' TESTES

In this study, we investigated how rat reproductive cells, testosterone, and the fatty acid composition of the phospholipid fraction of rats' testis cells are affected by extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELFMF). The change in fatty acid composition of the membrane phospholipid fraction can be the mechanism for this effect. We used a total of 26 male Wistar Albino rats, 14 experimental, and 12 controls. The experimental group rats were exposed to a magnetic field (0.8 mT) for 5 weeks, 3 hr per day. The control group rats were kept between inactive coils. After 5 weeks, the testis tissues and sperm cells of all rats were histopathologically investigated and sperm counts determined. Epididymal sperm count did not change compared to the control group (p>.05). Besides this, amorphous head, banana-like head, hammer head, coiled tail, abnormal mid-piece and tail, multiple, and cytoplasmic-droplet type cell numbers did not change in either group (p>.05). However, a statistical difference was found between the control and experimental groups with respect to head with lack of hook and isolated head type sperm (p<.05). In addition, testosterone levels were also found to be altered (p<.05). In the histopathologic investigation of testis tissue, decreased spermatogenesis in some seminiferous tubules, congestion in blood vessels of the interstitium, and increases in interstitial edema and Sertoli cells were observed. Leydig cells were found to be normal in appearance. The fatty acid of the testis cell membrane phospholipids was decreased in the experimental group with respect to the control group.     

ELF MAGNETIC FIELD EFFECTS ON SOME HEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD IN MICE

In this work we have studied some hematological and biochemical parameters of peripheral blood, as well as some histological aspects of liver and spleen during chronic exposure (1, 6, and 8 months) to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF). Balb/C mice were exposed to an experimental sinusoidal magnetic wavefield of 60 Hz with a 0.11-mT intensity, generated in a system of Helmholtz coils. The results have shown no ELF-MF–cancer relationship during our experimental exposure time. However, leukopenia, hemoglobin decrease, and liver and spleen weight increase were observed. The bioeffects described could be correlated with spleen hyperfunction, which could have been produced by chronic exposure to this ELF-MF.     

紫外照射对DNA修复基因RAD24转录的影响

以酿酒酵母HY684为实验对象,用波长254nm紫外线分别在0,37,50和70J/m~2等强度下照射不同时间,提取总RNA,应用North-ern杂交方法检测RAD24基因转录水平的变化。结果显示37J/m~2、50J/m~2照射20分钟到120分钟明显提高RAD24基因转录水平,70J/m~2照射时,则恢复至正常水平,这说明低剂量紫外线照射可提高RAD24基因转录水平,该基因的表达具有损伤诱导性。     

EFFECTS OF SINUSOIDAL MAGNETIC FIELD ON ADHERENCE INHIBITION OF LEUKOCYTES

Response of leukocytes to exposure to an external magnetic field with frequency 50 Hz and sinusoidal waveform was investigated in vitro using the leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) assay developed as a measure of cell-mediated immunity. Leukocytes taken from healthy humans adhere, but their adherence decreases after 1 hr of exposure to the magnetic field with magnetic induction of 1 and 10 mT. The majority of leukocytes taken from cancer patients before any medical treatment do not adhere, and exposure to the magnetic field increases adherence. Correlation between the LAI assay results and the cell-mediated immunity suggests an effect of magnetic fields on leukocyte immune function in humans.     

THE EFFECTS OF GENE FLOW ON REINFORCEMENT

We explore the possibility that differences in the pattern of gene flow between populations may affect the evolution of reinforcement by comparing pairs of populations undergoing one-way migration versus symmetric migration. The case of symmetric migration is modeled by a two-island model, where the two populations exchange equal proportions of migrants each generation. One-way migration is modeled by a continent-island model, where migration is in one direction from a large continental population with a fixed genotype to an island population whose genotype frequencies can vary. Hybrid inviability is assumed to be caused by epistatic interactions between background loci. We examine the spread of an introduced preference allele for a previously unpreferred male trait that characterizes one of the populations. Computer simulations indicate that with a weak introduced preference, reinforcement is possible under a wide range of parameter values in a symmetric migration model but cannot occur in a one-way migration model. Reinforcement with one-way migration can occur only with a very strong introduced preference and very strong selection against hybrids. Our results suggest that the speciation of a peripheral isolate, which undergoes essentially one-way migration, may be difficult to complete if secondary contact occurs before reproductive isolation is fully developed.     

血管紧张素Ⅱ对大鼠下丘脑内血管升压素基因转录的影响

实验在雄性ＳＤ大鼠中进行,用核酸斑点杂交技术观察下丘脑组织中血管升压素（ＡＶＰ）基因转录水平变化,用异羟基洋地黄毒甙（ＧＩＧ）标记的２６个碱基长寡聚核苷酸作为检测探针。实验中观察到,用渗透压微泵向大鼠侧脑人连续注射微量血管紧张素Ⅰ（０．２ｎｍｏｌ／ｈ）２ｄ后,可引起动物饮水量显著增加,下丘脑组织中ＡＶＰ基因转录水平高,但无统计学显著意义。将实验动物日饮水量限制在与对照动物相同的每日饮水量之后,侧脑     

EFFECTS OF STATIC AND ELF MAGNETIC FIELDS ON FREE-RADICAL PROCESSES IN RAT LIVER AND KIDNEY

The aim of the study was to evaluate the activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dysmutase (SOD, EC. 1.15.1.1), catalase (CAT, EC. 1.11.1.6), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px, EC. 1.11.1.9) and the levels of malonic dialdehyde (MDA), a phospholipid peroxidation product, in the liver and kidneys of male and female rats exposed to static (0.49-T) and extremely low-frequency (50-Hz, 0.018-T) magnetic fields. Extremely low frequency magnetic fields increased all enzyme activities and MDA levels in both the liver and kidneys. In contrast, static magnetic field did not produce changes. The results of the study suggest that ELF magnetic fields affect free-radical processes in the liver and kidney.     

曲霉淀粉酶基因与转录调控研究进展*

本文总结了到目前为止已克隆到的曲霉淀粉酶基因,并阐述了已发现的与调控相关的元件和因子如：顺式作用正调控元件和反式作用正调控因子等,在此基础上提出了曲霉淀粉酶基因的转录调控方式,并简述了曲霉淀粉酶基因的应用前景。 淀粉酶是水解淀粉和糖原酶类的通称,广泛存在于动植物和微生物中（张树政 1984）。由于淀粉酶在工农业上的重要价值,因此很早就有人对淀粉酶进行研究。我国50年代初,先后研究和生产米曲霉的α-淀粉酶用作消化剂和葡萄糖生产,将细菌产生的α-淀粉酶用于纺织品退浆、饴糖制造等(张树政 1984);随着分子生物学技…     

磁场对小麦生理功能的影响及防护O_3伤害的作用

将浸泡５ｈ的小麦粒,置于各种强度的磁场下１２ｈ,测其发芽率,以２００Ｏｅ的效果最好。同样材料用各种强度磁场处理４８ｈ,当长成苗后,发现处理的株高普遍高于对照,相同的幼苗,经０．７９－１．５９ｍｇｍ￣（－３）浓度的Ｏ＿３熏气６、９、１２ｈ,经２００、４００Ｏｅ磁场强度处理的材料,叶片细胞外渗液中核酸和可溶性糖含量较对照低,叶内可溶性糖含量多数情况也低于对照,而叶绿素含量却不同程度地高于对照,总的说明２００－４００Ｏｅ范围的外磁场处理可促进小麦的萌发和生长,并对Ｏ＿３伤害有一定防护作用。     

EFFECTS OF 50 Hz MAGNETIC FIELD EXPOSURE ON PROTEIN TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION IN CULTURED CELLS

Protein phosphorylation is an extremely important and widely used mechanism of cellular regulation. Here, the effects of 50 Hz magnetic fields (MFs) on tyrosine phosphorylation were studied. A Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cell line was exposed to 50 Hz magnetic fields at two intensities (0.4 mT and 0.8 mT) for different exposure durations, and western blot analysis was used to measure the degree of tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins. Results showed that both 0.4 mT and 0.8 mT 50 Hz magnetic fields could affect the protein tyrosine phosphorylation in cultured cells. Both intensities could affect the tyrosine phosphorylation of 38 and 97.4 kDa proteins. In addition, 0.4 mT could affect tyrosine phosphorylation of 61.7, 105, and 112 kDa proteins, and 0.8 mT affected the tyrosine phosphorylation of 79 and 150 kDa proteins. Moreover, all the tyrosine phosphorylation changes of these proteins were time-dependent. The findings from this study demonstrated that under these experimental conditions, there was evidence that protein tyrosine phosphorylation was a possible process for ELF-EMF producing bioeffects.     

花生种子的磁处理对其萌发及幼苗生长的影响

本试验着重研究了用交、直流磁场对花生种子进行处理后,在种子萌发及幼苗生长过程中产生的影响。结果表明,一定强度的交流或直流磁场对种子的萌发及幼苗生长有一定的促进作用。处理过的种子存放一年后,磁场对种子萌发的作用依然存在。     

叠加极低频噪声磁场诘抗连续微波对水迷宫大鼠认知行为负作用的实验观察

暴露于2450MHz连续(CW)微波 (功率密度 :2mW/cm2,SAR :1.2W/kg)的大鼠在水迷宫训练期特别是检测期显示了认知功能的下降 ,表明了空间“工作记忆”的消弱。但是 ,同时施加一个极低频 (ELF)噪声磁场 (rms:10μT) ,上述负效应完全消失。这一动物行为学结果暗示 ,时间不相干而空间相干的低强度ELF噪声磁场能长程抗拮大鼠对连续微波的负作用。     

LIFE IN ZERO MAGNETIC FIELD. IV. INVESTIGATION OF DEVELOPMENTAL EFFECTS ON FRUITFLY VISION

The fruitfly (Drosophila melanogaster) visual system was investigated electrophysiologically in vivo after exposure to a zero magnetic field (ZMF). Electroretinographic (ERG) recording of fly eye electrical activity was performed on adult insects raised from pupae maintained for 20 hr in zero magnetic field. A flickering excitation regime was applied to excite the visual system, since in this way, a quasistable hyperpolarization component of the electroretinogram can be obtained, containing information from the neural cells, which are the most sensitive to the action of external factors during early ontogenetic stages. Results of the investigation of two D. melanogaster populations, sample and control, were statistically compared.

We found a significant statistical increase of sensitivity in neural cells from the first optic ganglion in the fly population developed from pupae exposed to ZMF.     

双向复合磁场在诱变育种中增变作用的研究

Norcardiasp HD9611经双向复合磁场 +UV复合诱变处理 ,与单纯UV处理的结果相比 ,其诱变致死率和营养缺陷型突变率均有明显提高 ,并且经双向复合磁场 +UV复合诱变处理所筛选出的菌株酶活比单纯UV处理的对照菌株平均酶活相对提高17.2 %。     

GRP和VIP对E2诱致的垂体催乳素（PRL）瘤细胞PRL基因转录的影响

实验应用雄性ＳＤ大鼠,皮下埋植内置１０ｍｇ雌二醇硅胶管３个月致体催乳素瘤后,取ＰＲＬ瘤细胞进行外原代培养,并应用原位杂交方法,研究不同剂量的胃泌素释放肽（ｇａｓｔｒｉｎ－ｒｅｌｅａｉｎｇｐｅｐｔｉｄｅ,ＧＲＰ）和血活性肠肽（ｖａｓｏａｃｔｉｖｅｉｎｔｅｓｔｉｎａｌｐｏｌｙｐｅｐｔｉｄｅ,ＶＩＰ）以及Ｅ２对 离体培养的垂体ＰＲＬ瘤细胞ＰＲＬ基因转录的,下,ＧＲＰ,ＶＩＰ分别与ＰＲＬ瘤细胞孵育２４ｈ后     

紫外线辐射对菜豆幼苗某些胁迫响应基因表达的影响

报道了ＵＶ－Ｃ辐射对菜豆（ＰｈａｓｅｏｌｕｓｖｕｌｇａｒｉｓＬ．）ＰＲＰ、ｄｅｈｙｄｒｉｎ、ＰＲ蛋白、ｐｏｌｙｕｂｉｑｕｉｔｉｎ和ＤａｎＪ－ｌｉｋｅ蛋白等胁迫响应基因表达的影响。Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ杂交结果表明：ＵＶ辐射能强烈地诱导ＰＲ蛋白基因的表达,并能促进ＰＲＰ、ｐｏｌｙｕｂｉｑｕｉｔｉｎ和ＤａｎＪ－ｌｉｋｅ蛋白等基因的转录,而对ｄｅｈｙｄｒｉｎ基因的转录有抑制作用,这些防御蛋白共同作用可能对于保护细胞免受ＵＶ伤害和维持细胞的正常代谢有重要作用。     

限制性高脂饮食对大鼠多个器官Cx43表达的影响

目的初步探讨限制性高脂饮食(脂肪含量高,热量摄入与对照一致)对大鼠多个器官Cx43蛋白表达的影响。方法Wistar大鼠52只分为普通饲料喂养组(雌雄各一组)、限制性高脂饲料喂养组(雌雄各一组),分别检测体重、Lee’s指数、血浆总胆固醇、血浆甘油三酯和血糖水平,用免疫组化检测大鼠各器官Cx43的蛋白表达。结果(1)普通饲料喂养组和限制性高脂饲料喂养组的体重、Lee’s指数、血糖、血脂均无显著性差异;(2)在雌性大鼠大脑皮质的神经元细胞、雌雄性海马区域的神经元细胞、雌性肝门管区和中央静脉周围细胞、雌雄性肾皮质近球小管上皮细胞、雌性髓袢粗段肾小管上皮细胞、雄性胰岛细胞、雄性睾丸间质限制性高脂饲料组Cx43蛋白表达明显强于普通饲料组;在雄性大鼠肝门管区和中央静脉周围细胞、雄性髓袢粗段肾小管上皮细胞、雌性胰岛细胞限制性高脂饲料喂养组Cx43表达明显弱于普通饲料组;雄性大鼠大脑皮质的神经元细胞两组无显著性差异。结论限制性高脂饮食可引起大鼠各器官Cx43差异表达。     

极低频率（ELF）磁场对细胞生长周期分布谱的影响及其机理的计算机模拟分析

测定在各种温度条件下和在ＥＬＦ（极低频率）磁场作用下细胞生长周期分布谱的变化。实验结果表明温度不仅能使周期分布谱的离散性发生改变,而且也能使谱的峰值产生位移,而ＥＬＦ磁场只能使周期分布谱的离散性发生变化,对谱的峰值没有显著影响。这一差异是由于温度和ＥＬＦ磁场对细胞生长产生影响的机理不同。用计算机模拟不同机理对细胞生长周期分布谱的影响与我们早先提出的机理相吻合,即温度影响细胞内各种生长因子、生物离子的活性,而ＥＬＦ磁场则可能通过对细胞膜的影响使细胞内的细胞生长必不可少的生物离子的浓度发生变化。