STATUS OF LUCIOCYPRINUS AND FUSTIS(OSTEICHTHYE:CYPRINIDAE)

Fustis Lin, 1932 is a synonym of Luciocyprinus Vaillant, 1904,F. virus Lin,1932 and Barbus normani Tchang,1935 are synonyms of L.langsoni Vaillant, 1904. The holotype of L. langsoni is illustrated for the first time. Although the first fish species from the Indochinese area (sensu Kottelat, in press) was described some 150 years ago, this area is still badly known from the ichthyological point of view. This is more particularly the case of the fish fauna of the northern part of Viet Nam for which we only have a few scarce data, this being essentially due to both difficulties of access and independance wars. Most of the work done on fishes of that area has been done by French scientists (e. g. Bocourt, Sauvage, Vaillant, Pellegrin, Chevey). The Works of some of them have often been overlooked or are hardly usable due to very poor standards. In 1904, Vaillant described a large cyprinid from the Song-Ki-Kong River at Lang-Son(Viet Nam) near the Chinese border. The Song-Ki-Kong Riverat Lang-Son(Viet Nam)nea     

2′-C-ALKOXY AND 2′-C-ARYLOXY DERIVATIVES OF N-(2-PHOSPHONOMETHOXYETHYL)-PURINES AND -PYRIMIDINES: SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY

A series of novel, unusual type of acyclic phosphonate-based nucleotide analogues related to well-known antivirals (PMEA and HPMPA) was synthesized using easily available synthon. These compounds, which are distinguished for the presence of phosphonomethyl acetal linkage, form a group of derivatives that contribute to the understanding of structure-activity relationship within the area of acyclic nucleotide analogues.     

DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME NEW AND LITTLE KNOWN SPECIES OF ALEYRODIDAE FROM CHINA AND MALAYA(HOMOPTERA)

Pupa case: Pale in colour, but with a large dark brown patch at eachthoracic tracheal pore, on each side of abdomen laterad of the median segmen-ted area,and also at the hind end of body (5 patches in all), the patch laterad     

POLLEN MORPHOLOGY OF HAPLOPAPPUS AND RELATED GENERA (COMPOSITAE—ASTEREAE)

Pollen grains of Haplopappus and related genera in the subtribe Solidaginae from North and South America were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy. The grains are consistently tricolporate and echinate. Some genera can be distinguished by pollen size, spine length, and number of spine rows between colpi. Based on these characters, the divergence of Benitoa from other members of the subtribe, as indicated by its morphology and secondary chemistry, is supported. Additionally, the recently suggested absence of a close relationship between Pyrrocoma and Oonopsis is indicated by their contrasting pollen types. This study demonstrates the potential of pollen studies in distinguishing some taxonomic groups in the Astereae.     

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NUCLEOSIDE DERIVATIVES,N-(BENZOYL)-N-(DEOXYGUANOSIN-8-YL)-4-AMINOBIPHENYL AND N-(2′-DEOXYGUANOSIN-8-YL)-4-AMINOBIPHENYL VIA α-PHENYL-N-(4-BIPHENYL)NITRONE

ABSTRACT

Lead tetraacetate (LTA) oxidation of α-Phenyl-N-(4-biphenyl)nitrone (8) to give a new ultimate carcinogen, N-acetoxy-N-benzoyl-4-aminobiphenyl (9) which was reacted with deoxyguanosine (dG) at pH 6.9 to give nucleoside derivative, N-(benzoyl)-N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-4-aminobiphenyl (10). Following debenzoylation with sodium carbonate-methanol leads to N-(2′-deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-4-aminobiphenyl (11).     

NOTES OF STENOPSOCIDAE AND ONE NEW GENUS AND SEVEN NEW SPECIES (PSOCOPTERA: PSOCOMORPHA) FROM SOUTH CHINA

This paper deals with one new genus and seven new species from South China. Akey is given to the species included, and Stenopsocus cubitalis Thornton, 1984 fromIndonesia is transferred to the new genus. Stenopsocidae originally included six genera, but Mockford (1978) transferredMatsumuriella Enderlein, 1906 and Taeniostigna Enderlein, 1901. and later Smithers(1990) transferred Kodamaus Okamota, 1907 to Amphipsocidae. The genus Epikodamaus     

A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF NOCTUIDAE FROM CHINA(LEPIDOPTERA)

In this paper, a new genus and species of Noetuidae are reported. Type specimenis kept in the Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica, Jingia, gen. nov. Proboscis fully developed; palpi obliquely porrect to just beyond frons, the 3rdjoint very short; frons with rounded prominence, with corneous plate below it; eyeslarge, rounded, naked; head and thorax elothed with hairs and few scales; fore tibiae     

SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF NOVEL TRIPHOSPHATE ANALOGUES: RIBONUCLEOSIDE AND DEOXYRIBONUCLEOSIDE (α-P-BORANO, α-P-THIO)TRIPHOSPHATES

The first ribo- and deoxyribo-nucleoside (α-P-borano, α-P-thio)triphosphates have been synthesized. The chemical and biochemical properties of adenosine (α-P-borano, α-P-thio)triphosphate and thymidine (α-P-borano, α-P-thio) triphosphate have been investigated.     

WARNOCK VERSUS POWELL (AND HARRADINE): WHEN DOES POTENTIALITY COUNT?*

Lockwood's essay is one of three in this issue of Bioethics on potentiality and its applicability to research with human embryos. (See also Richard M. Hare's "When does potentiality count? A comment on Lockwood," and Stephen Buckle's "Arguing from potential.") The author critiques the reasoning behind some of the proposals for regulating such research, particularly the recommendations of Britain's Warnock Committee and Enoch Powell's legislative response, the Unborn Children (Protection) Bill. Lockwood attempts to formulate a logically defensible and morally plausible position on potentiality, arguing that it is potential plus identity, which depends on brain development, which generates moral claims. He concludes that, while there may be practical reasons for banning embryo research after the nervous system begins to develop, it may not be morally wrong to experiment with miscarried fetuses whose brain is developing, but who are nonviable.     

SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF CONFORMATIONALLY RESTRICTED AND NUCLEOBASE-MODIFIED ANALOGS OF THE ANTICANCER COMPOUND 3′-C-ETHYNYLCYTIDINE (ECYD)

A series of conformationally restricted and nucleobase-modified analogs of the anticancer compound 3′-C-ethynylcytidine (ECyd) and its uracil analog (EUrd) have been synthesized. While none of, the conformationally restricted analogs displayed anticancer activity, 5-iodo-EUrd and 5-bromo-EUrd displayed potent anticancer activity with IC50 values of 35 nM and 0.73 μM.     

ASSORTATIVE SOCIAL LEARNING AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR HUMAN (AND ANIMAL?) SOCIETIES

Choosing from whom to learn is an important element of social learning. It affects learner success and the profile of behaviors in the population. Because individuals often differ in their traits and capabilities, their benefits from different behaviors may also vary. Homophily, or assortment, the tendency of individuals to interact with other individuals with similar traits, is known to affect the spread of behaviors in humans. We introduce models to study the evolution of assortative social learning (ASL), where assorting on a trait acts as an individual‐specific mechanism for filtering relevant models from which to learn when that trait varies. We show that when the trait is polymorphic, ASL may maintain a stable behavioral polymorphism within a population (independently of coexistence with individual learning in a population). We explore the evolution of ASL when assortment is based on a nonheritable or partially heritable trait, and when ASL competes with different non‐ASL strategies: oblique (learning from the parental generation) and vertical (learning from the parent). We suggest that the tendency to assort may be advantageous in the context of social learning, and that ASL might be an important concept for the evolutionary theory of social learning.     

DO RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME (RLS) AND PERIODIC LIMB MOVEMENTS OF SLEEP (PLMS) PLAY A ROLE IN NOCTURNAL HYPERTENSION AND INCREASED CARDIOVASCULAR RISK OF RENALLY IMPAIRED PATIENTS?

Hypertension can cause or promote renal failure and is related to cardiovascular mortality, the major cause of death in patients with renal impairment. Changes in the circadian BP pattern, particularly the blunting or reversal of the nocturnal decline in BP, are common in chronic renal failure. These changes in turn are among the major determinants of left ventricular hypertrophy. Using a chronobiological approach, it is possible to obtain better insight into the reciprocal relationship between hypertension, renal disease, and increased cardiovascular risk of renal patients. Disruption of the normal circadian rhythm of rest/activity may be hypothesized to underlie the high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality of such patients. Epidemiological studies reveal that hemodialysis patients experience poor subjective sleep quality and insomnia and, in comparison to healthy persons, are more likely to show shorter sleep duration and lower sleep efficiency. Sleep apnea may be present and is usually investigated in these patients; however, the prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS), which is high in dialysis patients and which has been associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease in the general population, could also play a role in the pathogenesis of sleep-time hypertension in renal patients. Careful assessment of sleep quality, in particular, diagnostic screening for RLS and periodic limb movements (PLM) in renal patients, is highly recommended. In renal failure, attention to sleep quality and related perturbations of the sleep/wake cycle may help prevent the occurrence and progression of cardiovascular disease. (Author correspondence: prf@unife.it)     

福州鼠耳蚤(TUNGA CAECIGENA JORDAN AND ROTHSCHILD)的调查研究

鼠耳蚤是从我国首先报告的一种蚤类,由Blandford(1894)误定为Tunga pene-trans,後经Jordan和Rothschild(1921)监定系另一种蚤,命名为Tunga caecigena。 据过去记载,它的宿主有沟鼠(Rattus norvegicus)和家鼠(Rattus rattus)两种,但就     

NEW SPECIES AND NEW RECORD OF DIPSOCOROMORPHA (HEMIPTERA:HETEROPTERA) FROM CHINA

Three species of Dipsocoromorpha found from China are reported in this paper.The type material of new species is preserved in the Shanghai Institute of Entomology,Shanhai, China excepting a part of the paratypes in collection of Nankai University,Tianjin, China.     

LNA (LOCKED NUCLEIC ACID) AND THE DIASTEREOISOMERIC α-L-LNA: CONFORMATIONAL TUNING AND HIGH-AFFINITY RECOGNITION OF DNA/RNA TARGETS

The remarkable binding properties of LNA (Locked Nucleic Acid) and α-L-LNA (the α-L-ribo configured diastereoisomer of LNA) are summarized, and hybridization results for LNA/2′-O-Me-RNA chimera and LNAs with a “dangling” nucleotide are introduced. In addition, results from NMR investigations on the furanose conformations of the individual nucleotide monomers in different duplexes are presented. All these data are discussed with focus on the importance of conformational steering of unmodified nucleotides in partly modified LNA and α-L-LNA sequences in relation to the unprecedented binding properties of LNA and α-L-LNA.     

LATE SINIAN(TUBULAR) METAZOAN FOSSILS:CLOUDINA AND SINOTUBUL ITES FROM SOUTHERN SHAANXI

One of the mostmomentous events in the his-tory of life was the acquisition and evolution ofskeletons.Tubular fossils of Cloudina and Sino-tubulites are the earliest biomineralized Metazoaever known.Cloudina and Sinotubulites are contained inabundance in the Gaojiashan Member,DengyingFormation in Ningqiang County,ShaanxiProvince.On the basis of very rich collections,notonly are the macro- structures described in detailbut also the micro- textures are lucubrated.Cloudina Germs,1 972 was f…     

NEW SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF THE GENUS ANOMALA FROM SHAANXI(Coleoptera, Rutelidae)

Anomala flavo femorata sp. nov. Length: 15-16mm, breadth : 8-8.5mm. Black brown, with a not very strong metallic lustre, lateral margins of prono-tum, a transverse zigzag band (sometimes broken into three spots) upon elytron,metathoracic episternum, a round spot on the side of each abdominal segment, entire