前列腺嗜血杆菌感染及其药敏研究

目的：了解嗜血杆菌引起前列腺感染的状况及其耐药性。方法：取3790例患者的前列腺液进行培养,鉴定和药敏试验。结果：3790例前列腺感染患者中,110例嗜血杆菌培养阳性,阳性率为2．90％;对氨苄西林,阿莫西林和哌拉西林的耐药率为11．8％－35．5％,对头胞曲松,头胞哌酮,头胞他啶,头胞噻肟,头胞西丁,头胞克洛,头胞呋辛钠的耐药率为5．3％－18．4％：对氨曲南,亚胺培南的耐药率为0－5．3％;对环丙沙星,氧氟沙星,诺氟沙星的耐药率为0－21．0％;对阿米卡星,庆大霉素,克拉霉素,复方新诺明的耐药率2．90％－53．9％,产β－内酰胺酶株对氨苄西林的耐药率为50．0％－56．5％。结论：嗜血杆菌引起的前列腺感染不容忽视,对非产酶株的前列腺感染的治疗,氨苄西林可作为首选药物。     

耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌的分布及耐药性分析

目的：了解我院临床分离的耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌（MRS）的分布及耐药性。方法：用Kirby-Bauer法对我院临床分离的394株MRS进行药敏试验并对其标本来源和病区分布进行分析。结果：471株葡萄球菌中MRS394株,占83.7%。各类标本中,检出MRS最多的是血液（40.36%),检出MRS最多的科室是ICU（23.35%）。MRS除对万古霉素和替考拉宁耐药率为0外,对其余8种抗生素的耐药率高达27.7%-84.7%。结论：本地区MRS的检出率高,血液标本和ICU病房检出MRS最多,MRS耐药形势严峻,值得高度重视。     

泌尿生殖道支原体感染及其药物抗性频度研究

目的了解本地区支原体引起泌尿生道感染的状况及其药物抗性频度,为临床治疗支原体感染提供参考依据.方法取男性尿道分泌物或前列腺液和女性宫颈分泌物,应用Mycoplasma IST综合试剂盒进行支原体定量培养鉴定和药物抗性频度试验,同时检测沙眼衣原体(CT)、白色念珠菌和淋球菌(NG).结果2 023例泌尿生殖道感染患者中,747例支原体培养阳性,阳性率36.93%; 其中女性为40.16%,男性为23.04%,两者差异有非常显著性(P＜0.01);解脲支原体 (UU)感染(410例,20.27%)显著高于人型支原体(MH)感染(29例,1.43%)和UU+MH混合感染( 308例,15.22%)(P＜0.01).各年龄组支原体感染率,以18～37岁年龄段最高,年龄组间差异有非常显著性 (P＜0.01).747例支原体感染患者中,合并CT感染59例,占7 .90%,合并白色念珠菌感染 81例,占10.84%;合并NG感染39例,占5.22%.药物抗性频度研究结果显示对红霉素的抗药频率最高,占65.21%,对氧氟沙星和四环素的抗药频率次之,分别为28.53%和11.09%,对强力霉素、原始霉素和交沙霉素的抗药频较低,分别为 4.74%、4.17%和1.52%.比较MH 和UU对6种抗生素的药物抗性频度,MH均显著高于UU(P ＜0.01).结论支原体是引起泌尿生殖道感染的主要病原体之一,交沙霉素和强力霉素应作为本地区目前临床治疗泌尿生殖道支原体感染的首选抗生素.在诊断疾病时,要注意混合感染的可能性.     

ACCUMULATION OF ADENOSINE 3'',5''-MONOPHOSPHATE IN BRAIN SLICES: INTERACTION OF LOCAL ANAESTHETICS AND DEPOLARIZING AGENTS

Abstract— Membrane depolarizing agents such as veratridine, ouabain and high concentrations of potassium ions elicit a remarkable accumulation of cyclic AMP in brain slices incubated in vitro , and this accumulation, but not that elicited by biogenic amines, is prevented by a membrane stabilizer, cocaine. The effect of various local anaesthetics (compounds which are known to stabilize the membrane of peripheral sensory nerves) on the accumulation of cyclic AMP elicited by depolarizing agents in incubated slices of guinea pig brain has now been examined. At optimal concentrations the anaesthetics inhibited by more than 95 per cent the accumulation of cyclic AMP elicited with veratridine, ouabain, and high concentrations of potassium ions. The order of the inhibitory potency vs. veratridine was: dibucaine (ED₅₀= 9.5 ± 10⁻⁶ M) > tetracaine > cocaine (ED₅₀= 1·3 ± 10⁻⁴ M) > lidocaine > procaine (ED₅₀= 1.7 ± 10⁻³M). This order is consistent with the order of their local anaesthetic potency, but is not consonant with the order of the relative toxicity of these agents when used as spinal anaesthetics.     

山溪鲵皮肤分泌物抗菌活性的初步研究

山溪鲵皮肤分泌物和经两次SephadexG-25层析分离得到的初步提纯样品经抗菌实验,发现具有抗菌活性。其中的抗菌活性成分为蛋白质性质,分子量约为20kD,具有在高温下短时间、常温下长时间保持稳定的特性。初步提纯样品经尿素SDS聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测为两条带;经反相高效液相层析(RP-HPLC)检测为13个峰。此提纯方法的活性回收率为46．7％。这为进一步的纯化和性质鉴定工作奠定了基础。     

AiiA蛋白的可溶性表达及其抗菌活性研究

AHLs是革兰氏阴性细菌在增殖过程中产生的一类信号分子,与其致病性密切相关。AiiA蛋白作为一种胞内解酯酶．能水解致病菌产生的AHb分子,使内酯环开环后不能再激活某些胞外酶的表达．从而极大地减弱了细菌的致病性。本研究从苏云金芽孢杆菌LLB15中分离编码aiiA基因的质粒DNA。用PCR方法克隆面讲基因,并利用pET载体构建6-His融合表达质粒pET29a-aiiA,转化E.coli BL21（DE3）菌株,并筛选得到E.coli BL21（DE3）-pET29a-aiiA工程菌。在20℃的低温和0．8mmol／LIPTG条件下。经25h的诱导表达,获得了54．4ug／mL可溶性AiiA蛋白。通过镍柱亲和层析,在国内外首次纯化了带6-His标记的AiiA蛋白。水解活性和抗病性检测表明,该蛋白能水解AHLs分子．对胡萝卜欧文氏软腐病菌具有较强的抗病作用。     

解酒药剂及保健食品的研究进展

简要回顾了解酒药剂及解酒保健食品的研究进展     

桑叶抑菌效果的探讨

采用一系列真菌和细菌,试验了桑叶汁的抑制作用,结果表明,桑叶汁对大数G^ 和G^－氏细菌以及部分酵母菌的生长具较强的抑制作用,且具有热稳定性强,抑菌浓度低,抑菌PH范围广的特点,对霉菌无抑制作用。     

藜蒿提取物抑菌作用的初步研究

采用榨汁、水提、醇提等 3种不同的方法 ,提取藜蒿中的抗菌有效成分。测定了各种提取物对 14种食品腐败菌的最低抑菌浓度 ( MIC) ,结果表明 :1.藜蒿汁的 MIC:痢疾杆菌为 2 5% ,大肠杆菌为 2 5% ,巨大芽孢杆菌为 50 % ,面包酵母为 5% ;2 .藜蒿水提物的 MIC:痢疾杆菌为 2 .5% ,大肠杆菌为 5% ,巨大芽孢杆菌为 5% ,面包酵母为 10 % ;3.黎蒿醇提物的 MIC:痢疾杆菌、巨大芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌均为 5% ,蜡状芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、面包酵母、黄曲霉均为 10 % ,产朊酵母、裂殖酵母、异常汉逊酵母、白地霉、桔青霉、镰刀霉均为 2 0 %     

酒花浸膏及其异构化衍生物抗食品腐败菌的初步研究

以啤酒花及其异构化衍生物为原料,从中初筛出两种最有效抗菌成分β-酸和六氢β-酸,并测定其对几种常见食品腐败菌的抑制作用和最低抑菌浓度,结果表明β-酸(20×10-6)、六氢β-酸(8×10-6)对肉制品中的主要污染菌--李斯特菌有抑制作用,对荧光假单孢菌、普通变形杆菌也有较明显的抑制效果.     

桉树与联合固氮菌相互作用的研究

联合固氮菌-催娩克氏菌（Klebsiella oxytoca NG13/pMC73A)接种木栖植物桃金粮种（Myrtaceae)桉树属（Eucalyptus)的苗木,研究它们之间相互作用关系。扫描电镜观察结果表明;联合固氮菌不但可以在桉树根表定殖,而且还可进入根内定殖,并在接种桉树的根际,根表和根内均分离到该菌,接种联合固氮菌能刺激桉树根系的分泌作用,并对根系分泌物的氨基酸,糖及激素的含量有所影响,联合固氮菌对桉树生长有明显的促进作用。     

Antibacterial and synergy of a flavanonol rhamnoside with antibiotics against clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

The in vitro antibacterial activity of taxifolin-7-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (TR) and its synergy with four conventional antibiotics (ampicillin (AMP), levofloxacin (LEV), ceftazidime (CAZ) and azithromycin (AZM)) against ten clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were evaluated, respectively. Individual MICs and MBCs were determined by microdilution methods following the CLSI guidelines. Anti-MRSA synergy effects were measured using the chequerboard and time-kill curve tests. MICs/MBCs (μg/ml) ranges were 32-64/64-128 for TR alone against all 10 MRSA isolates. Chequerboard method showed that significant synergies were observed for the TR/CAZ and TR/LEV combinations with FICI ranged 0.187-0.375 and 0.25-0.5, respectively. Some synergy and additivity effects were also observed for TR/AMP and TR/AZM combinations. In the time-kill dynamic confirmation test, synergy results kept by the TR/CAZ combination (2.186 log₁₀ cfu/ml increase in killing), but the TR/LEV combination changed to additivity (1.839 log₁₀ cfu/ml increase in killing). These results demonstrated that TR enhanced the efficacy of CAZ and LEV in vitro, which had potential for combinatory therapy of patients infected with MRSA.     

培养基对海洋青霉菌抗真菌活性物质的影响

研究了培养基的配方、培养条件和培养时间对海洋青霉M－182菌株产生抗真菌活性物质（M－182A）的影响,以期获得高效价的M－182A。结果表明：用海水配制经改良的高氏1号培养基（高氏1号＋0.1%蛋白胨＋2％海带汁）,28℃培养96－108h,M－182A的相对效价最高。     

凝固剂对水稻花药培养愈伤组织诱导的影响

本文初步研究了不同类型的凝固剂对水稻花药培养愈伤组织形成的影响。结果发现,用Gelrite、马铃薯淀粉、甘薯淀粉、可溶性淀粉代替琼脂可明显促进水稻花药培养愈伤组织的产生而尤以5.0%马铃薯淀粉为最佳。出愈率比琼脂增加5.2倍,达液体培养水平。以8个不同基因型,为材料研究发现,5.0%马铃薯淀粉作凝固剂,有7个材料出愈率高于对照,最高的BC 163比对照增加7.75倍,平均增加1.15倍。另外,以5.0%马铃薯淀粉作凝固剂代替0.8%琼脂可降低成本30%。因此,用马铃薯淀粉作凝固剂在水稻花药培养中可能具有潜在的应用价值。     

黄喉拟水龟转铁蛋白重组表达及抗菌活性分析

转铁蛋白具有多种生物学功能,不仅参与铁的转运,而且具有抗菌、免疫调节等功能。对黄喉拟水龟转铁蛋白(Mauremys mutica transferrin,MaTf)原核表达、重组蛋白纯化、抗菌活性检测及MaTf在蛋白水平的表达特征进行了分析研究。通过用RT-PCR技术扩增MaTf的编码序列,克隆至载体pET-32 a(+);转化BL21(DE3),构建了其原核表达载体;优化表达条件(30℃,4h,0.8 mmol/L IPTG),使MaTf融合蛋白在BL21中高效表达;采用His Bind柱亲和层析与浓缩的方法纯化目的蛋白,Western blot证实获得纯度较高的MaTf重组蛋白;抑菌试验表明,MaTf重组蛋白对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和黏质沙雷氏菌均有明显的抑菌作用;用MaTf重组蛋白制备多克隆抗血清,Western blot免疫印记法分析转铁蛋白在体内的表达特征,结果显示其在肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、心脏4个组织中的表达量为:肝脏>脾脏>肾脏>心脏,与MaTf在RNA水平上的表达特征具有相似性。研究为探索转铁蛋白在黄喉拟水龟非特异性免疫反应中的作用提供了重要信息。     

香港地钱抗菌化学成分研究

利用生物活性试验和^1H NMR追踪,从香港地钱（Marchantia paleacea Bertol)的乙醇提取物中简单快速分离具有抗菌活性的三个已知芳香化合物：2－羟基－3,7－二甲氧基菲（1）,marchantin C(2)和isoriccardin C(3)。化合物（1）的NMR测定以及晶体结构对文献值部分NMR数据进行了修正。     

小鼠外胎盘锥细胞与层粘连蛋白相互作用机制的研究

本文用LN及含其活性位点序列的合成肽段cYIGSR和RGDS对小鼠EPC细胞与LN的相互作用机制进行研究。结果表明:合成肽段cYIGSR和RGDS能促进EPC粘附并具协同效应。cYIGSR还能促进EPC扩展与次生TGCs迁移。LNA链上RGD和B_1链上YIGSR两个活性位点协同地参与了LN对EPC的粘附、扩展以及次生TGCs的迁移的促进作用。cY R合用不能完全竞争性抑制EPC与LN的结合,说明还有其他作用位点存在。     

CHRONOKINETICS OF CEFTAZIDIME AFTER INTRAMUSCULAR ADMINISTRATION TO DOGS

Ceftazidime, a third-generation cephalosporin, is widely used for the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. The aims of the present study were to characterize the pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime and to estimate the T?>?MIC against P. aeruginosa, after its intramuscular (im) administration at two different dosing times (08:30?h and 20:30?h) to dogs, in order to determine whether time-of-day administration modifies ceftazidime pharmacokinetics and/or predicted clinical antipseudomonal efficacy. Six female healthy beagle dogs were administered ceftazidime pentahydrate by the intramuscular route in a single dose of 25?mg/kg at both 08:30 and 20:30?h, two weeks apart. Plasma ceftazidime concentrations were determined by microbiological assay. Pharmacokinetic parameters and time above the minimum inhibitory concentration (T?>?MIC) and 4xMIC for Pseudomonas aeruginosa were calculated from the disposition curve of each dog. No differences between the daytime and nighttime administrations were found for the main pharmacokinetic parameters, including C_max, t_max, t_{½ λ}, AUC, and MRT; however, the high interindividual variability shown by these values and the small number of individuals may account for this lack of difference. Rate of absorption (k_a) was significantly higher after the 20:30?h than 08:30?h administration. No significant differences between T?>?MIC were found when comparing the 08:30?h and 20:30?h administrations. Mean T?>?MIC values predicted a favorable bacteriostatic effect for all susceptible strains of P. aeruginosa for the 12?h dosing interval at both dosing times. Our results suggest that similar antipseudomonal activity may be expected when ceftazidime is administered at 8:30 and 20:30?h; however, as only two timepoints of drug administration were explored, we are unable to draw any conclusions for other treatment times during the 24?h. (Author correspondence: rebuelto@fvet.uba.ar).