西那卡塞联合碳酸司维拉姆对血液透析并发继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进患者钙磷代谢、FGF23/Klotho轴和心血管事件的影响

摘要 目的：观察西那卡塞联合碳酸司维拉姆对血液透析并发继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进（SHPT）患者钙磷代谢、成纤维细胞生长因子23（FGF23）/Klotho轴和心血管事件的影响。方法：选取2018年3月-2020年5月新疆医科大学第一附属医院收治的200例血液透析并发SHPT患者,根据随机数字表法分成观察组（n=100）与对照组（n=100）。对照组患者接受碳酸司维拉姆治疗,观察组患者接受西那卡塞联合碳酸司维拉姆治疗,两组患者均连续治疗3个月。观察两组疗效以及钙磷代谢指标、全段甲状旁腺激素（iPTH）、甲状旁腺体积、FGF23、Klotho水平变化,记录治疗期间发生的心血管事件。结果：观察组的临床总有效率较对照组高（P<0.05）。治疗后两组血钙升高,血磷、钙磷乘积下降（P<0.05）,且观察组治疗后血钙较对照组高,血磷、钙磷乘积较对照组低（P<0.05）。两组治疗后血清iPTH水平下降,甲状旁腺体积缩小,且观察组的变化程度较对照组大（P<0.05）。两组治疗后Klotho水平升高,FGF23水平下降,且观察组的变化程度大于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组的非致死性心血管事件发生率明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：西那卡塞联合碳酸司维拉姆治疗血液透析并发SHPT患者疗效显著,可调节钙磷代谢,降低血清iPTH水平,缩小甲状旁腺体积,调节Klotho、FGF23水平,降低非致死性心血管事件发生率。     

帕立骨化醇在维持性血液透析患者中的应用效果分析

目的:探讨帕立骨化醇用于维持性血液透析伴有继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进(Secondary hyperparathyroidism,SHPT)患者的临床疗效和安全性。方法:选择哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院血液净化科长期维持血液透析伴有SHPT的45例患者,将其随机分为三组,一组为帕立骨化醇组(起始剂量0.04μg/kg);一组为骨化三醇组(起始剂量0.01μg/kg),每周三次给药;一组为西那卡塞+小剂量活性维生素D(西那卡塞起始剂量为25 mg/天),根据血清甲状旁腺素(PTH)下降幅度调整药物剂量,主要疗效指标为治疗12周PTH较基线水平下降50%;次要疗效指标包括:PTH降至正常范围(150～300 pg/mL),血钙、血磷变化。每4周调整一次药物剂量,以PTH浓度降低至少50%为目标,如果连续2周PTH水平降低至低于100 pg/mL,或钙磷乘积≧75,或血清总钙≧10 mg/dl均应减少剂量,通过调整剂量标准达到维持剂量。结果:与骨化三醇、西那卡塞相比,帕立骨化醇基线PTH分别为(847.35±381.09,1228.03±265.49,1204.87±407.7)和3个月PTH分别为(622.71±417.66,787.46±289.61,817.81±403.67),基线血钙水平(2.08±0.19,2.17±0.17,2.52±0.13),血钙平均升高为20%,基线血磷水平(2.2±0.55,1.89±0.42,2.31±0.49),血磷平均升高25.7%,三组PTH达标率分别为(80%,55.5%,45.4%),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:静脉注射帕立骨化醇用于长期维持血液透析伴有SHPT的患者在降低PTH方面更安全,效果更优于骨化三醇及西那卡塞,剂量较高时仍有并发高钙、高磷血症的风险而需调整剂量或暂时停药,须根据患者具体情况选择个体化剂量以获得最佳的临床疗效。     

醋酸钙联合左卡尼汀对维持性血液透析患者钙磷代谢的影响

目的：研究并评价醋酸钙联合左卡尼汀对维持性血液透析患者钙磷代谢的影响,为临床治疗提供参考依据。方法：以2013 年 8 月至2015 年2 月在我院进行维持性血液透析的50 例患者作为研究对象,按照随机法分为两组,其中对照组患者给予醋酸钙治 疗,研究组患者给予醋酸钙联合左卡尼汀治疗,比较两组患者治疗前后全段甲状旁腺素、血钙、血磷、钙磷乘积的变化。结果：与对 照组比较,研究组患者全段甲状旁腺素、血钙、血磷、钙磷乘积水平均在正常范围内,较对照组有明显改善(P<0.05);研究组全段甲 状旁腺素、血钙、血磷、钙磷乘积达标率分别为68.00%、84.00%、64.00%、80.00%,与对照组比较,血磷达标率不具有统计学差异 (P＞0.05);全段甲状旁腺素、血钙及钙磷乘积达标率差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：醋酸钙联合左卡尼汀对维持性血液透析 患者甲状旁腺素、钙磷代谢的改善效果较单用醋酸钙更佳。     

不同血液透析方法对终末期肾病患者钙磷代谢的影响

目的：观察不同血液透析方法对终末期肾病患者钙磷代谢的影响。方法：以120例终末期肾病患者为例,比较3种透析方式：血液透析、血液透析滤过、高通量血液透析（各40例）对终末期肾病患者的钙磷代谢及甲状旁腺素的影响。结果：3组透析方法中,HFHD、HDF组治疗前后血钙、磷含量差异有统计学意义,血钙升高,血磷、甲状旁腺素得到较好的清除（P〈0．05）。结论：HFHD、HDF透析使低钙血症改善,血清磷、PTH下降显著。这说明HF,HD、HDF透析对改善钙磷代谢紊乱有积极作用,能有效预防甲旁亢。     

成纤维细胞生长因子23（FGF23)在终末期肾病患者继发性甲状旁腺功能 亢进中的作用

目的:探究成纤维细胞生长因子23(FGF23)在终末期肾病患者继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进中的作用机制。方法:选取我院2013年2月-2015年5月期间收治的58例终末期肾病进入血液透析的患者,所有患者均经甲状旁腺CT增强扫描,无增生及结节。按照i PTH值将其分为两组,i PTH300 pg/m L为观察组,150 pg/m L≤i PHT≤300 pg/m L为对照组,每组29例。患者均予碳酸钙以及活性维生素D3进行治疗。对患者钙、磷、白蛋白、血脂以及FGF23、i PTH、1,25(OH)_2D_3进行检验。结果:治疗后观察组患者FGF23及i PTH均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组血尿素氮、血肌酐与透析前相比明显下降,对照组血尿素氮、血肌酐与透析前相比明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);1,25(OH)_2D_3以及血白蛋白水平是影响Log FGF23的独立影响因素。结论:FGF23在终末期肾病患者继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进发病中发生作用,可作用临床诊断依据。     

高通量血液透析与血液透析滤过在慢性肾功能衰竭患者中的疗效对比

目的:探讨高通量血液透析与血液透析滤过在慢性肾功能患者中的疗效。方法:选取2007年3月～2010年6月在我院进行维持性血液透析患者52例并随机分为2组:高通量透析(HPD()n=26)和血液透析滤过(HDF)组(n=26)。两组患者均每周透析2次,每次4h,对两组患者进行1年临床观察。比较两组治疗前、后尿毒症患者血肌酐、β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)、血磷、PTH的清除作用及对血脂的影响。结果:两组患者KT/V及透析前后血BUN、Cr的下降率无显著性差异。HDF组透析1年后β2-MG较透析前增高(5.17±15.09)%,HPD组透析1年后β2-MG较透析前下降(12.32±3.2 7)%,P<0.0 1。HDF组透析1年后甲状旁腺激素较透析前增高(6.59±14.13)%,HPD组透析1年后甲状旁腺激素较透析前下降(19.07±5.27)%,P<0.01。HPD、HDF两组血磷下降率分别为(56.4 4±14.83)%、(43.94±17.96)%,P<0.05,HDF组患者透析1年后其血清甘油三酯(TG)水平相比于透析前血清TG水平上升了(22.4 2±9.52)%,HPD组1年后TG较透析前下降(2 3.81±9.93)%,P<0.05。结论:高通量血液透析能有效清除β2-MG、甲状旁腺激素、对血磷的清除效果也优于血液透析滤过,对血脂代谢也有显著改善作用。     

不同血液净化方式对慢性肾脏病矿物质和骨异常的疗效观察

目的:探讨2种不同血液净化方式对慢性肾脏病(CKD)患者低血钙、高血磷及高血清甲状旁腺激素的改善效果。方法:选择2011年9月到2014年9月在我院接收维持性血液透析(MHD)的患者64例,随机分为HDF组和HP-HD组各32例;HDF组采用血液透析滤过(HDF)治疗,HP-HD组采用血液灌流(HP)联合血液透析(HD)治疗;分别在治疗前及治疗后3周采血检测血钙、血磷和全段甲状旁腺激素(iPTH)。结果:治疗三周后,与治疗前相比较,两组患者血磷、iPTH显著下降,血钙显著上升,均有显著性差异(P0.05);HP-HD组患者血磷、iPTH下降较HDF组更为显著,均有显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:HDF和HP联合HD均能有效调节血钙、清除血磷和iPTH水平,但HP联合HD较HDF效果更佳。     

术后血清PTH下降率预测甲状旁腺全切术后复发的临床价值

目的:探讨甲状旁腺全切术后PTH的监测对于预测手术后是否复发的临床价值,确定具有预测价值的术后PTH的监测时间以及下降率。方法:选取本中心2009年5月至2014年8月收治的338例继发性甲状旁腺机能亢进症(secondary hyperparathyroidism,SHPT)患者作为研究对象,所有患者手术方式均为甲状旁腺全部切除术(total parathyroidectomy,t-PTX)。分别在手术前、术后1小时、术后24小时采集患者的血液标本检测血清PTH水平,并随访至术后一年,观察PTH的下降率与复发的相关性。结果:338名例患者术前、术后1小时和术后24小时的血清PTH水平分别是(1623.2±903.2 pg/m L)、(63.4±80.8 pg/m L)、(20.9±97.0pg/m L)。所有患者术后1小时和术后24小时PTH下降率均大于50%,平均值分别为95.9±5.1%和98.8±4.8%。未复发组术后1小时PTH的下降率中位数为97.1%(63.6-99.9%),复发组术后1小时PTH下降率中位数为79.6%(48.0-96.7%),两组间术后1小时和术后24小时PTH下降率比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。术后1小时及术后24小时PTH下降率的受试者工作特征曲线显示曲线下面积分别为0.907和0.897(P值均0.001)。当PTH下降率为90%时,诊断手术成功的敏感性为87.23%,特异性为88.89%。且术后1小时和术后24小时的PTH下降率基本一致,对于术后复发的临床价值无统计学差异。结论:甲状旁腺全切术后1小时血清PTH的下降率预测术后复发与术后24小时血清PTH的下降率预测手术复发的临床价值相当。     

终末期肾病患者行甲状旁腺切除对颈动脉钙化的影响

目的:探讨对终末期肾病患者行甲状旁腺切除对颈动脉钙化的影响.方法:选择我院2009年10月至2010年12月收治的20例继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进的终末期肾病患者,行甲状旁腺切除术,对患者术前、术后进行颈动脉彩超检查颈动脉钙化情况,并将患者术前、术后的血钙、血磷、钙磷乘积、PTH、C反应蛋白、血红蛋白、白蛋白等指标进行比较.结果:与术前比较,术后患者颈动脉钙化斑块有明显减少,血钙、血磷、钙磷乘积、PTH、C反应蛋白均明显降低,差异性有显著(P＜0.05);血红蛋白较术前明显升高(P＜0.05).结论:切除甲状旁腺(PTX)能安全有效的降低甲状旁腺素水平、改善钙磷代谢紊乱,并控制颈动脉钙化的进展.     

继发性甲状旁腺机能亢进患者在血透基础上联用骨化三醇后ALP、iPTH指标变化探究

目的:探讨继发性甲状旁腺机能亢进患者在血透基础上联用骨化三醇后全段甲状旁腺激素(intact parathyroid hormone,i PTH)、碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)指标变化情况。方法:选取我院2019年1月到2019年12月共收治的维持血液性透析继发性甲旁亢患者80例,随机分为两组,每组40例,给予对照组常规治疗方式,给予观察组在血透基础上联用骨化三醇治疗,对比两组的治疗效果、血液相关指标变化以及不良反应的发生情况。结果:对照组治疗总有效率为72.5%,观察组的治疗总有效率为90.0%,观察组明显优于对照组(P<0.05);两组治疗前i PTH、ALP、磷(P)、钙(Ca)无明显差异(P>0.05),治疗后观察组前i PTH、ALP、P、Ca相关血液指标明显优于对照组(P<0.05);对比两组不良反应发现,患者在治疗后不良反应发生率无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:对继发性甲旁亢患者在血透基础上联用骨化三醇能够提高患者的治疗效果,改善患者相关血液指标情况,而且不良反应发生情况与常规治疗没有明显差异,安全可靠,值得临床应用推广。     

低钙透析液联合醋酸钙对血液透析患者高磷血症的影响

目的：研究低钙透析液联合醋酸钙治疗对血液透析患者血磷、血钙及甲状旁腺激素iPTH水平的影响。方法：将30例维持性血液透析患者随机分为试验组和对照组,在试验期间所有患者均低磷饮食,两组透析液钙浓度均为1．25mmol／L,试验组同时给予醋酸钙治疗,对照组不应用醋酸钙治疗,三个月后观察和比较两组患者的血钙、血磷及血iPTH水平的变化。结果：治疗前,两组各组血磷、血钙、血磷和血iPTH的水平比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。治疗后,对照组血钙水平明显下降（P〈0．05）,血iPTH水平略上升但无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,血磷水平无显著变化（P〉0．05）;试验组血iPTH水平略下降（P〉0．05）,血钙水平无明显变化（P〉0．05）,但血磷明显下降（P〈0．05）;且试验组血磷水平较对照组明显下降（P〈0．05）,血钙水平显著高于对照组（P〈O．05）,但在正常范围内,两组血iPTH水平比较无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：低钙透析液联合醋酸钙治疗可有效降低血液透析患者的血磷水平,且不会导致高钙血症的发生。     

Suppressibility of Parathyroid Hormone in Primary Hyperparathyroidism

ObjectiveTo describe an unusual case of pathologically confirmed primary hyperparathyroidism in a patient presenting with severe hypercalcemia and an undetectable parathyroid hormone (PTH) level.MethodsWe present a detailed case report and outline the serial laboratory findings. In addition, the possible causes of low serum PTH levels in the setting of primary hyperparathyroidism are discussed.ResultsA 16-year-old female patient presented with severe epigastric pain, found to be attributable to acute pancreatitis. At hospital admission, her serum calcium concentration was high (14.0 mg/dL); the patient also had a normal serum phosphorus level of 3.6 mg/dL and an undetectable PTH level (< 0.2 pmol/L). An evaluation for non-PTH-mediated causes of hypercalcemia revealed a partially suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone concentration and a below normal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D level, consistent with her suppressed PTH. One week after the patient was dismissed from the hospital, repeated laboratory studies showed a serum calcium value of 11.1 mg/dL, a serum phosphorus level of 2.8 mg/dL, and an elevated PTH concentration of 11.0 pmol/L, consistent with primary hyperparathyroidism. A repeated 1,25-dihy-droxyvitamin D measurement was elevated. A parathyroid scan showed a parathyroid adenoma in the left lower neck area, and she subsequently underwent successful surgical resection of a pathologically confirmed parathyroid adenoma.ConclusionThis case demonstrates that the serum PTH level can be suppressed in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Moreover, it emphasizes the need for careful evaluation of the clinical context in which the PTH measurement is determined. Consideration should be given to repeating measurement of PTH and serum calcium levels when the initial laboratory evaluation of hypercalcemia is unclear because dynamic changes in calcium metabolism may occur in the presence of secondary contributing factors. (Endocr Pract. 2007;13:785-789)     

Effect of eplerenone on parathyroid hormone levels in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence suggests the bidirectional interplay between parathyroid hormone and aldosterone as an important mechanism behind the increased risk of cardiovascular damage and bone disease observed in primary hyperparathyroidism. Our primary object is to assess the efficacy of the mineralocorticoid receptor-blocker eplerenone to reduce parathyroid hormone secretion in patients with parathyroid hormone excess. Methods/design Overall, 110 adult male and female patients with primary hyperparathyroidism will be randomly assigned to eplerenone (25 mg once daily for 4 weeks and 4 weeks with 50 mg once daily after dose titration] or placebo, over eight weeks. Each participant will undergo detailed clinical assessment, including anthropometric evaluation, 24-h ambulatory arterial blood pressure monitoring, echocardiography, kidney function and detailed laboratory determination of biomarkers of bone metabolism and cardiovascular disease. The study comprises the following exploratory endpoints: mean change from baseline to week eight in (1) parathyroid hormone(1--84) as the primary endpoint and (2) 24-hour systolic and diastolic ambulatory blood pressure levels, NT-pro-BNP, biomarkers of bone metabolism, 24 hours urinary protein/albumin excretion and echocardiographic parameters reflecting systolic and diastolic function as well as cardiac dimensions, as secondary endpoints. DISCUSSION: In view of the reciprocal interaction between aldosterone and parathyroid hormone and the potentially ensuing target organ damage, the EPATH trial is designed to determine whether eplerenone, compared to placebo, will effectively impact on parathyroid hormone secretion and improve cardiovascular and bone health in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Trial registration ISRCTN33941607.     

Effect Modifying Role of Serum Calcium on Mortality-Predictability of PTH and Alkaline Phosphatase in Hemodialysis Patients: An Investigation Using Data from the Taiwan Renal Registry Data System from 2005 to 2012

Predicting mortality in dialysis patients based on low intact parathyroid hormone levels is difficult, because aluminum intoxication, malnutrition, older age, race, diabetes, or peritoneal dialysis may influence these levels. We investigated the clinical implications of low parathyroid hormone levels in relation to the mortality of dialysis patients using sensitive, stratified, and adjusted models and a nationwide dialysis database. We analyzed data from 2005 to 2012 that were held on the Taiwan Renal Registry Data System, and 94,983 hemodialysis patients with valid data regarding their intact parathyroid levels were included in this study. The patient cohort was subdivided based on the intact parathyroid hormone and alkaline phosphatase levels. The mean hemodialysis duration within this cohort was 3.5 years. The mean (standard deviation) age was 62 (14) years. After adjusting for age, sex, diabetes, the hemodialysis duration, serum albumin levels, hematocrit levels, calcium levels, phosphate levels, and the hemodialysis treatment adequacy score, the single-pool Kt/V, the crude and adjusted all-cause mortality rates increased when alkaline phosphatase levels were higher or intact parathyroid hormone levels were lower. In general, at any given level of serum calcium or phosphate, patients with low intact parathyroid hormone levels had higher mortality rates than those with normal or high iPTH levels. At a given alkaline phosphatase level, the hazard ratio for all-cause mortality was 1.33 (p < 0.01, 95% confidence interval 1.27–1.39) in the group with intact parathyroid hormone levels < 150 pg/mL and serum calcium levels > 9.5 mg/dL, but in the group with intact parathyroid hormone levels > 300 pg/mL and serum calcium levels > 9.5 mg/dL, the hazard ratio was 0.92 (95% confidence interval 0.85–1.01). Hence, maintaining albumin-corrected high serum calcium levels at > 9.5 mg/dL may correlate with poor prognoses for patients with low intact parathyroid hormone levels.     

Normal responsiveness of serum parathyroid hormone to beta-adrenergic blockade in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism

Infusion of calcium gluconate (15 mg Ca++/kg body weight in 4 h) to 6 patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (due to mild renal insufficiency) decreased serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels to the same degree (on a percent basis) as in normal subjects. Serum PTH values at 4 h were 60 +/- 4.5 (SEM)% of baseline in the patients and 59 +/- 2.9% of baseline in the normal subjects. Infusion of propranolol (1 mg i.v. bolus followed by an infusion of 60 micrograms/min for 2 h) to 7 additional patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism also decreased serum PTH to the same degree as in normal subjects. Serum PTH values at 2 h were 68 +/- 10.4% of baseline in the patients and 68 +/- 3.3% of baseline in the normal subjects. The studies indicate normal responsiveness of serum PTH to calcium or beta-adrenergic blockade in secondary hyperparathyroidism due to mild renal insufficiency.     

Calcium,Parathyroid Hormone,and Vitamin D in Patients with Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Normograms Developed from 10000 Cases

ObjectiveTo better define the typical and atypical biochemical profiles of patients with surgically proven primary hyperparathyroidism.MethodsIn this single-center, prospectively conducted study of consecutive patients with surgically proven primary hyperparathyroidism over a 7-year period, we analyzed serum calcium, parathyroid hormone, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations.ResultsA total of 10 000 patients were included, and more than 210 000 calcium, parathyroid hormone, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D values were evaluated. Both calcium and parathyroid hormone levels demonstrated a Gaussian distribution with the average calcium concentration being 10.9 ± 0.6 mg/dL and the average parathyroid hormone concentration being 105.8 ± 48 pg/mL. The average highest calcium and parathyroid hormone concentrations were 11.4 ± 0.7 mg/dL and 115.3 ± 50 pg/mL, respectively. At least 1 calcium value of 11.0 mg/dL was seen in 87% of patients, but only 21% had 1 or more calcium value above 11.5 mg/dL. Only 7% had a single serum calcium level reaching 12.0 mg/dL. Normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism was seen in just under 3% of patients who had identical findings at surgery. An average parathyroid hormone concentration less than 65 pg/mL was seen in 16%, with 10% of patients who had no high parathyroid hormone values. The average 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was 22.4 ± 9 ng/mL, with levels decreasing as calcium levels increased (P < .001); 36% had 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels below 20 ng/mL.ConclusionsPatients with PHPT present with a number of distinct biochemical profiles, but as a group, they present with a near-normal Gaussian distribution of both calcium and parathyroid hormone levels. Either serum calcium or parathyroid hormone remained normal in 13% of patients, yet the findings at surgery are similar to those of patients with elevated calcium or parathyroid hormone. Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D is an expected finding in patients with PHPT, decreasing as serum calcium levels increase. (Endocr Pract. 2011;17:384-394)     

碳酸镧咀嚼片联合依降钙素对血液透析高磷血症患者冠状动脉钙化及血磷水平的影响

摘要 目的：观察碳酸镧咀嚼片联合依降钙素对血液透析高磷血症患者冠状动脉钙化及血磷水平的影响。方法：选取2019年8月~2021年3月我院接收的血液透析高磷血症患者120例,采用双色球法,将患者分为对照组（60例,依降钙素治疗）和观察组（60例,在对照组基础上结合碳酸镧咀嚼片治疗）,对比两组疗效、血磷、血钙、钙磷乘积、全段甲状旁腺激素（iPTH）、成纤维生长因子23（FGF-23）、冠状动脉钙化积分（CACS）,观察两组不良反应发生情况。结果：观察组临床总有效率（91.67%）优于对照组（70.00%）（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率组间对比无差异（P>0.05）。观察组治疗结束后血磷、iPTH、血钙、FGF-23、钙磷乘积、CACS低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：血液透析高磷血症患者采用碳酸镧咀嚼片联合依降钙素治疗,可延缓冠状动脉钙化,有效降低血磷水平,安全有效。     

高通量血液透析与血液透析滤过在慢性肾功能衰竭患者中的疗效对比

目的：探讨高通量血液透析与血液透析滤过在慢性肾功能患者中的疗效。方法：选取2007年3月~2010年6月在我院进行维持性血液透析患者52例并随机分为2组：高通量透析（HPD）（n=26）和血液透析滤过（HDF）组（n=26）。两组患者均每周透析2次,每次4h,对两组患者进行1年临床观察。比较两组治疗前、后尿毒症患者血肌酐、β2-微球蛋白（β2-MG）、血磷、PTH的清除作用及对血脂的影响。结果：两组患者KT/V及透析前后血BUN、Cr的下降率无显著性差异。HDF组透析1年后β2-MG较透析前增高（5．17±15．09）％,HPD组透析1年后132．MG较透析前下降（12．32±3．27）％,P〈0．01。HDF组透析1年后甲状旁腺激素较透析前增高（6．59±14．13）％,HPD组透析1年后甲状旁腺激素较透析前下降（19．07±5．27）％,P〈0．01。HPD、HDF两组血磷下降率分别为（56．44±14．83）％、（43．94±17．96）％,P〈0．05,HDF组患者透析1年后其血清甘油三酯（TG）水平相比于透析前血清TG水平上升了（22．42±9．52）％,HPD组1年后TG较透析前下降（23．81±9．93）％,P〈0．05。结论：高通量血液透析能有效清除β2-MG、甲状旁腺激素、对血磷的清除效果也优于血液透析滤过,对血脂代谢也有显著改善作用。     

Calcium metabolism in adult outpatients with epilepsy receiving long-term anticonvulsant therapy

Long-term anticonvulsant drug therapy may lead to abnormalities of calcium metabolism resulting in osteomalacia. The prevalence and severity of altered calcium metabolism was studied in an adult outpatient population of persons with epilepsy receiving anticonvulsant therapy for a minimum of 2 years. Assessment of calcium metabolism was based on serum concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and of plasma parathyroid hormone, intestinal absorption of isotopic calcium and skeletal bone mineral mass as determined by in vivo neutron activation or x-ray photodensitometry.Thirty-nine patients who had been receiving anticonvulsant therapy for an average of 20 years were studied; none had clinical evidence of metabolic bone disease. Decreased serum calcium concentration was noted in 10%, decreased serum phosphorus concentration in 10% and elevated serum alkaline phosphatase concentration in 44%. The mean serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol concentration was significantly lower (P < 0.001) than in a control group (11.6 v. 19.6 mg/mL). None of 18 patients studied had an increased plasma concentration of parathyroid hormone, and only 1 of 17 patients had decreased intestinal absorption of isotopic calcium. Bone mineral mass was decreased in 44% of 32 patients studied.It was concluded that long-term treatment with anticonvulsant drugs leads to mild abnormalities of calcium metabolism and decreased bone mineral mass in a substantial percentage of adult outpatients with epilepsy. These abnormalities probably predispose the patients to the development of clinically significant metabolic bone disease.