鸭疫里默氏杆菌外膜蛋白生物学特性研究

血清2型鸭疫里默氏杆菌强毒菌株体外传200代获得了无毒力无免疫原性菌株,采用超声波裂解和超速离心法提取二株菌的外膜蛋白, 以比较分析鸭疫里默氏杆菌外膜蛋白的生物学特性。电镜观察细菌超微结构显示传代菌株外膜膜密度降低, 外膜泡的数量明显减少, 细胞质不均匀、内有空泡产生;免疫印迹结果表明二株菌的外膜蛋白免疫原性多肽存在明显区别;原代菌株的外膜蛋白仅与2型RA抗体出现特异性凝集, 而传代菌株的外膜蛋白与 1、2、10与11型RA抗体均出现凝集;二株菌的外膜蛋白均可诱导雏鸭产生抗体, 但原代菌株外膜蛋白诱导雏鸭产生抗体滴度显著高于200代次菌株;原代菌株外膜蛋白免疫鸭对同源RA菌株的攻击可产生100%的免疫保护, 而传代菌株外膜蛋白免疫鸭对同源RA菌株的攻击不产生免疫保护。序列分析显示两者的外膜蛋白A同源性达到99.9%。结果表明强毒菌株的外膜蛋白为良好的亚单位疫苗候选, 体外连续传代对RA外膜蛋白生物学特性影响显著。     

鸭疫里默氏杆菌强、弱菌株外膜蛋白的比较蛋白质组学研究

应用双向电泳及质谱技术对血清2型鸭疫里默氏杆菌强毒株及其体外传代200代(RA200)的弱毒菌株的外膜蛋白进行比较蛋白质组学研究,借此分析鸭疫里默氏杆菌的外膜蛋白表达特点,研究差异表达蛋白与细菌毒力的关系.在实验中检测到血清2型鸭疫里默氏杆菌原代及其体外传代获得的弱毒菌株的外膜蛋白约表达60个蛋白质点(n=3),其中相差5倍以上3个.胶内酶解和肽质量指纹图谱分析后鉴定,W1为热休克蛋白Hsp20家族成员,W2、W3为转座酶,推测它们可能与里默氏杆菌的毒力密切相关.     

基于响应面分析的高抗原活性鸭疫里默氏杆菌疫苗培养基的研制及其效果评价

【背景】鸭疫里默氏杆菌广泛存在于养殖场,引起雏鸭发生传染性浆膜炎,严重危害养鸭业的发展。【目的】提高鸭疫里默氏杆菌发酵培养水平和抗原活性,为鸭疫里默氏杆菌灭活疫苗的研制提供技术指引。【方法】利用单因素及响应面的试验设计方法,针对鸭疫里默氏杆菌进行疫苗培养基的研制,并探究不同发酵时间点该菌的抗原活性,选择抗原活性最高点时制备灭活疫苗,通过动物免疫保护试验评价疫苗免疫效果。【结果】使用研制的疫苗培养基发酵培养鸭疫里默氏杆菌,其活菌数能够达到4.68×1010 CFU/mL,较市面上该菌专用的培养基提高2.29倍。该菌发酵12 h后抗原活性达到最高,在此时制备的灭活疫苗诱导小鼠产生的抗体水平显著高于商品化灭活疫苗,攻毒保护率达到了100%。【结论】本研究研制的培养基具有优异的增菌效果,可作为生产鸭疫里默氏杆菌灭活疫苗抗原的发酵培养基,疫苗生产过程中可选择菌株抗原活性达到最高时收集菌体。     

鹅源鸭疫里默氏杆菌的分离、鉴定与生物学特性研究

【目的】从疑似鸭疫里默氏杆菌病的病死雏鹅分离病原菌进行鉴定。【方法】根据细菌培养特性、生化特性、动物试验、血清型鉴定及分子生物学特性对分离菌株进行鉴定。【结果】分离菌株为革兰氏阴性菌,不发酵糖类和醇类,尿素酶试验和氧化酶还原试验为阳性,致病,不同分离株的16S rRNA基因经多重序列比对分析,结果显示鹅源分离株与鸭源鸭疫里默氏杆菌处于同一进化支上,与鸡源鸭疫里默氏杆菌进化关系稍远,血清型鉴定为1型。【结论】分离菌株为血清1型的鸭疫里默氏杆菌,对鸭和鹅均有高致病性,自家疫苗能够较好地保护雏鹅。     

血清2型鸭疫里默氏杆菌脂多糖单克隆抗体的研制及特性鉴定

【背景】鸭疫里默氏杆菌(Riemerella anatipestifer,RA)可感染雏鸭、鹅、火鸡等多种禽类,引起急性或慢性传染病。RA血清型众多且各血清型之间缺乏有效的交叉保护。细菌脂多糖(Lipopolysaccharide,LPS)位于革兰氏阴性菌细胞壁的外侧,其组成和结构变化决定了细菌表面抗原决定簇的多样性。【目的】制备血清2型鸭疫里默氏杆菌LPS单克隆抗体并对其特性进行研究。【方法】以血清2型RA NJ3株免疫BALB/c小鼠,细胞融合后以RA NJ3株LPS作为包被抗原,筛选出能够稳定分泌单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,通过体内诱生腹水法制备抗体,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测单克隆抗体效价,玻片凝集试验和Westernblot检测单抗特异性。【结果】获得两株能稳定分泌抗血清2型鸭疫里默氏杆菌LPS单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为8G5和8G10;两株单抗的亚型均为IgM/κ链。ELISA结果表明,8G5和8G10腹水效价分别为1:32 000和1:16 000。Western blot结果显示,两株单抗仅与血清2型RA菌株发生特异性反应,而与其他血清型RA菌株和禽源致病菌无反应性。【结论】研究获得的单克隆抗体具有良好的反应性和血清型特异性,可用于RA致病机制的基础研究和进一步建立RA血清型快速检测方法。     

江苏地区10株鹅源鸭疫里默氏杆菌的耐药性及致病性特征分析

[背景] 鸭疫里默氏杆菌感染是危害水禽业最严重的细菌传染性病之一,鹅源鸭疫里默氏杆菌病的发病率有逐渐增高趋势,给养鹅业带来了巨大经济损失。[目的] 为更好地预防控制鹅源鸭疫里默氏杆菌病、解决鹅养殖场临床用药问题及进一步探究鸭源和鹅源鸭疫里默氏杆菌之间的关系。[方法] 对江苏地区的发病鹅进行鸭疫里默氏杆菌的分离培养、多重PCR方法鉴定及生化试验,并对分离获得的10株鸭疫里默氏杆菌进行药敏试验、血清型鉴定及雏鸭致病性试验。[结果] 药敏试验结果显示,鹅源分离菌株对大观霉素、磺胺异噁唑、头孢曲松、头孢拉定、氟苯尼考最敏感,对新霉素、卡那霉素、丁胺卡那霉素、庆大霉素和克林霉素耐药性最高且多重耐药性严重。血清型鉴定表明,江苏地区分离的10株鹅源鸭疫里默氏杆菌主要以血清型2型为主。雏鸭致病性试验表明,鹅源鸭疫里默氏杆菌分离株均引起雏鸭不同程度发病,其中3株鹅源临床分离株经1×10⁷ CFU/羽攻毒后可引起雏鸭100%的致死率。[结论] 为鹅源鸭疫里默氏杆菌的预防控制、临床治疗及进一步研究鸭源和鹅源鸭疫里默氏杆菌之间的关系提供依据。     

鸭疫里默氏杆菌RecA作为一种内参蛋白的评价

由于缺少适合的内参蛋白,所以用Western blot的方法来研究鸭疫里默氏杆菌蛋白表达的调节尚未见报道。以鸭疫里默氏杆菌基因组为模板,PCR扩增含有组氨酸标签His-tag的rec A基因和截段的rec AP基因,并分别将其克隆于原核表达载体p ET32a。将重组质粒转化到表达菌Rosetta中,经1mmol/L的IPTG诱导进行蛋白质表达。用组氨酸标签亲和试剂镍-琼脂糖进行重组蛋白质的纯化。用纯化的重组蛋白对4周龄的昆明鼠进行免疫,制备多克隆抗体。Western blot实验表明,截段表达的Rec AP的多克隆抗体血清比全长Rec A蛋白的多克隆抗体血清与鸭疫里默氏杆菌总蛋白反应更特异;在铁离子限制性环境和血红素丰富环境中培养的鸭疫里默氏杆菌的Rec A蛋白表达量一致。因此,鸭疫里默氏杆菌的Rec A蛋白可以在铁离子和血红素代谢等研究中作为Western blot的内参蛋白。     

鸭疫里默氏菌DnaK、OmpA和OmpA-DnaK蛋白的免疫原性

【背景】鸭疫里默氏菌(Riemerella anatipestifer,RA)可引起鸭等多种禽类败血症和浆膜炎,给禽养殖业造成严重经济损失。蛋白疫苗是预防RA感染的重要策略之一。目前,有关RA重组蛋白免疫原性报道较少,且其应用也受到单一蛋白抗原诱导的特异性免疫反应不足的限制。【目的】探究分子伴侣DnaK、外膜蛋白A (outer membrane protein A,OmpA)和OmpA-DnaK蛋白疫苗在鸭体内诱导的免疫应答,评估其免疫原性,为RA疫苗抗原研发提供依据。【方法】克隆DnaK和OmpA基因并分别与pET-32a(+)载体相连,利用限制性酶切位点Nco I和Bam H I将OmpA连接至DnaK基因上游,经原核表达和纯化制得重组蛋白DnaK、OmpA和OmpA-DnaK。3种重组蛋白分别皮下免疫雏鸭2次,检测其血清抗体滴度、淋巴细胞增殖和细胞因子(IL-2和IL-4)水平;以RA-GH5肌肉注射攻毒,检查其组织病理学变化及免疫保护率。【结果】成功表达了DnaK、OmpA和OmpA-DnaK重组蛋白,分子量分别约为90、60和130 kDa。3种蛋白疫苗均能诱导宿主产生体液...     

大肠杆菌-鸭疫里默氏杆菌高效穿梭质粒pFY02的构建和应用

鸭疫里默氏杆菌(Riemerella anatipestifer,RA)是引起鸭、鹅、火鸡等家禽传染性败血症及浆膜炎的主要病原。目前主要通过基因缺失及基因回补的方法对鸭疫里默氏杆菌的基因功能进行研究。然而,目前使用的穿梭质粒pLMF03存在结合转移效率低、酶切位点少等缺陷,不能用于所有鸭疫里默氏杆菌基因的回补。为解决这一问题,文中将结合转移位点oriT、鸭疫里默氏杆菌复制起始基因pRA0726ori、高表达启动子基因及多种酶切位点逐一克隆至质粒pPM5,构建了新的穿梭质粒pFY02。结果表明,该质粒能够稳定存在于鸭疫里默氏杆菌,且具有较高的结合转移效率。通过回补鸭疫里默氏杆菌tonB2基因缺失株表明,该质粒可用于鸭疫里默氏杆菌基因的回补。总之,文中构建的穿梭质粒pFY02更加完善了用于鸭疫里默氏杆菌基因回补的材料。     

鸭疫里默氏杆菌流行菌株的分离鉴定及生物学特性

【背景】鸭疫里默氏杆菌(Riemerella anatipestifer,RA)是引起雏鸭、鹅、火鸡等多种家禽、野禽发生传染性浆膜炎的病原,在全世界范围内广泛存在,危害养禽业发展,造成严重的经济损失。【目的】了解国内RA的流行现状,探究该菌的生物学特性,更好地指导防控鸭疫里默氏杆菌病。【方法】对2020-2021年从山东省、河北省、广东省、山西省等地分离的RA疑似菌株进行PCR、生化和血清型鉴定,并根据药物敏感性结果分析耐药现象,根据半数致死量(median lethal dose,LD₅₀)测定结果分析致病力差异。【结果】共鉴定78株RA分离株,其中,血清1型4株、2型21株、10型11株、6型3株、7型17株,1株有交叉凝集现象,21株血清型未定型;药敏结果显示78株分离株对多粘菌素B、磷霉素、克林霉素等的耐药性最强,对头孢拉定、多西环素、呋喃唑酮、氟苯尼考等抗生素最为敏感,并且78株分离株均存在多重耐药性,其中77株耐药5重及以上;动物试验结果显示,RA的分离株致病力普遍较强,而且不同地区分离株、同地区不同分离株之间均存在差异,数株RA分离株的LD₅₀在10⁴-10⁷ CFU不等。【结论】RA在国内流行表现了强致病力及严重耐药情况,本研究结果为更好地预防控制、临床用药及后续致病机制研究提供了参考依据。     

Multiple genetic tools for editing the genome of Riemerella anatipestifer using a counterselectable marker

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology - Riemerella anatipestifer (R. anatipestifer, RA) is an important bacterial pathogen of ducks and other birds; infection with RA causes high poultry mortality...     

Extensive cell envelope modulation is associated with virulence in Brucella abortus

Brucella virulence is linked to components of the cell envelope and tightly connected to the function of the BvrR/BvrS sensory-regulatory system. To quantify the impact of BvrR/BvrS on cell envelope proteins, we performed a label-free mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis of spontaneously released outer membrane fragments from four strains of Brucella abortus (wild type virulent, avirulent bvrR- and bvrS- mutants as well as reconstituted virulent bvrR+ (bvrR-/pbvrR+)). We identified 167 differentially expressed proteins, of which 25 were assigned to the outer membrane. Approximately half of the outer membrane proteins decreased in abundance, whereas half increased. Notably, expression of five Omp3 family proteins decreased whereas five lipoproteins increased in the mutant strains. In the periplasmic space, by contrast, approximately 80% of the 60 differentially expressed proteins were increased in at least one avirulent mutant. Periplasmic proteins are primarily involved in substrate uptake and transport, and a uniform increase in this class may indicate a nutritional stress response, possibly a consequence of defective outer membrane function. Virtually all proteins reverted to wild type levels in the reconstituted virulent bvrR+ strain. We propose that the wide changes in cell envelope protein expression relate to the markedly avirulent phenotype of bvrR- and bvrS- mutants and that Brucella virulence depends on regulatory networks involving cell envelope and metabolism rather than on discrete virulence factors. This model may be relevant to other alpha-Proteobacteria harboring BvrR/BvrS orthologous systems known to be essential for parasitism or endosymbiosis.     

鸭疫里氏杆菌多种血清型间接ELISA检测方法的建立

【目的】鸭疫里氏杆菌(Riemerella anatipestifer,RA)是一种重要的禽病病原,分为21个血清型。但一直缺乏一种针对多种血清型广泛适用的抗体检测方法。前期的研究表明,外膜蛋白A (Outer membrane protein A,OmpA)广泛存在于多种血清型的RA菌株中,是一种重要的免疫原性蛋白,并且其基因序列在RA血清型之间具有高度的保守性,提示其可以作为RA感染血清抗体检测的靶点分子。以重组蛋白OmpA建立间接酶联免疫吸附试验检测RA的抗体。【方法】通过诱导表达条件的摸索及蛋白纯化,获得适用于ELISA包被的重组OmpA抗原。通过Western-blot证明重组蛋白OmpA是否与RA多种血清型发生免疫学反应。进行方阵试验以确定ELISA抗原的最佳包被浓度、被检测血清的反应浓度。重复性、特异性和敏感性试验检查该方法的实用性。【结果】实验证实加入1%乙醇的诱导培养基有利于重组蛋白的可溶性表达。Western-blot结果表明,重组蛋白OmpA可以与1、2、6、10、11、13、14和17型多种RA主要流行血清型有良好的免疫反应性。经方阵试验确定抗原的最佳包被浓度为8 mg/L,待检血清的最佳稀释度为1:160。所建立检测方法具有良好的重复性、特异性和敏感性。【结论】实验建立的鸭疫里氏杆菌多种血清型间接ELISA检测方法可以用于免疫后抗体消长以及感染性抗体的检测。     

福氏志贺氏2a及Y变种保护性抗原的研究

福氏志贺菌Y变种曾经作为一种痢疾疫苗的候选株,其特有的抗原结构在疫苗的有效性抗原研究中起主要作用。以Y变种毒株与无毒株、野生型F2a株与T32株及失去Ⅱ型抗原结构的T32-1株之间分别进行了各种毒力表型的检测、四种外膜侵袭蛋白表达、菌株的外膜蛋白提取物(OMPs)分析、质粒DNA图谱和小鼠主动免疫、被动保护试验的对比分析,了解其抗原特性。结果显示：细菌外膜蛋白抗原和具有完整型特异性抗原结构的福氏菌LPS在动物机体免疫中都发挥着重要的作用。这些抗原物质的共同存在似乎能达到更好的免疫效果。     

Characterization of intermediate phenotypes induced by chemically undefined laboratory media in virulent Bordetella bronchiseptica strains

The expression of many virulence factors of Bordetella bronchiseptica is regulated by the bvgAS locus and reduced in response to environmental signals called modulators. Virulent strains can alternate between virulent (Bvg(+)), intermediate (Bvg(i)), and modulated (Bvg(+)mod) phenotypes. Potential vaccine antigens can be expressed by Bvg1 strains grown only in the absence of modulators. In the present study we evaluated filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) and outer membrane protein (OMP) expression in Bvg(+) B. bronchiseptica strains grown in chemically undefined media: nutrient agar (NA), tryptic soy agar (TSA), tryptose phosphate broth (TPB), and brain-heart infusion (BHI). Our results suggest that TSA and TPB usually induce semimodulation, since Bvg(+) strains cultured in these media retained the expression of FHA and virulence-associated OMPs in the 30 kDa region, but failed to express other virulence markers such as OMPs in the regions of 90 and 200 kDa, though they expressed flagellin (avirulence marker). On the other hand, NA and BHI usually induce modulation. Thus the assayed chemically undefined media should not be used in vaccine production. Semimodulation induced by TSA and TPB can be accurately detected by SDS-PAGE Sarkosyl-insoluble OMP-enriched profiles. The reduction or absence of OMPs in the regions of 90 and 200 kDa is the most sensitive marker, and in some cases the presence of flagellin in intermediate profiles is another trait of the Bvg(i) phenotypes. Therefore these markers could be useful for selecting media for vaccine production. We also characterized the phenotype of Bvg(+) strains grown in Stainer-Scholte broth, an expensive medium, with and without glutathione, and we have detected no differences; this is the first attempt to reduce the cost of a Bordetella growth medium for veterinary vaccine production.     

Complete genome sequence of Riemerella anatipestifer reference strain

Riemerella anatipestifer is an infectious pathogen causing serositis in ducks. We had the genome of the R. anatipestifer reference strain ATCC 11845 sequenced. The completed draft genome consists of one circular chromosome with 2,164,087 bp. There are 2,101 genes in the draft, and its GC content is 35.01%.     

Chromosome-mediated resistance of Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O9 to intracellular killing by mouse peritoneal macrophages

Abstract The survival of Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O9 within mouse peritoneal macrophages was investigated. To evaluate the role of the virulence plasmid in the resistance to intracellular killing, an isogenic pair of virulent (plasmid-bearing) and avirulent (plasmid-less) O9 strains was used. The virulent strain was able to express plasmid-encoded outer membrane proteins and to colonize the Peyer's patches of orally infected mice. When mice were infected intraperitoneally, both strains were recovered at similar rates and over the same time from the peritoneal cavity. When in vitro assays were performed, both strains showed similar resistance to intracellular killing by monolayers of resident and inflammatory peritoneal macrophages. Previous opsonization of bacteria did not modify their survival within macrophage monolayers. We concluded that serotype O9 strains display a chromosome-mediated resistance to intracellular killing by mouse peritoneal macrophages. Moreover, macrophage resistance does not seem to be of importance for virulence of serotype O9 strains in mice.