血清IL-13、IL-17、IL-37与慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期无创机械通气患者预后不良的关系分析

摘要 目的：分析慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期（AECOPD）无创机械通气患者血清白细胞介素（IL）-13、IL-17、IL-37的变化并探讨其与患者预后不良的关系。方法：选取2019年1月～2022年2月我院收治的102例接受无创机械通气治疗的AECOPD患者（AECOPD组）,根据预后情况分为预后不良亚组41例和预后良好亚组61例,另选取68例慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期（SCOPD）患者作为SCOPD组和57例体检健康者作为对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清IL-13、IL-17、IL-37水平。采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析AECOPD无创机械通气患者预后不良的影响因素,受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析血清IL-13、IL-17、IL-37水平对AECOPD无创机械通气患者预后不良的预测价值。结果： 对照组、SCOPD组、AECOPD组血清IL-13、IL-17、IL-37水平依次升高（P＜0.05）。预后不良亚组血清IL-13、IL-17、IL-37水平高于预后良好亚组（P＜0.05）。单因素分析显示,预后不良亚组年龄大于预后良好亚组,心功能不全比例和COPD评估测试（CAT）评分、C反应蛋白高于预后良好亚组（P＜0.05）,而两组性别、体质指数、AECOPD病程、吸烟、糖尿病、高血压、冠心病、慢性肾功能不全、第1秒用力呼气容积/用力肺活量（FEV₁/FVC）、白细胞计数、降钙素原组间对比无差异（P＞0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,FEV₁％增加为AECOPD无创机械通气患者预后不良的独立保护因素,年龄增加、CAT评分增加和IL-13、IL-17、IL-37升高独立危险因素（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示,血清IL-13、IL-17、IL-37水平联合预测AECOPD无创机械通气患者预后不良的曲线下面积大于IL-13、IL-17、IL-37水平单独预测。结论：AECOPD无创机械通气患者血清IL-13、IL-17、IL-37水平升高与预后不良密切相关,血清IL-13、IL-17、IL-37可作为AECOPD无创机械通气患者预后评估的潜在生物学指标。     

qSOFA评分、血乳酸及红细胞分布宽度与急性上消化道出血病情严重程度的关系及其预测患者预后的效能分析

摘要 目的：探讨快速序贯器官功能衰竭评估（qSOFA）评分、血乳酸（Lac）及红细胞分布宽度（RDW）与急性上消化道出血（AUGIB）病情严重程度的关系及其预测患者预后的效能。方法：选取2017年6月～2022年6月我院收治的230例AUGIB患者为研究对象,根据病情严重程度分为低危组44例、中危组140例、高危组36例、极高危组10例,且根据其入院28 d内生存情况分为死亡组（n=31）和存活组（n=199）。收集AUGIB患者临床资料,检测血Lac、RDW水平并计算qSOFA评分。采用多因素Logistic回归分析AUGIB患者预后不良的影响因素,受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析qSOFA评分和血Lac、RDW对AUGIB患者预后不良的预测价值。结果：低危组、中危组、高危组、极高危组qSOFA评分和血Lac、RDW水平依次升高（P＜0.05）。230例AUGIB患者入院28 d内死亡率为13.48％（31/230）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄增加、GBS评分≥6分及休克指数、qSOFA评分、血尿素氮、血Lac、RDW水平升高为AUGIB患者预后不良的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示,qSOFA评分、血Lac及RDW联合预测AUGIB患者预后不良的曲线下面积大于qSOFA评分、血Lac及RDW单独预测。结论：AUGIB患者qSOFA评分、血Lac及RDW水平升高与病情加重和预后不良密切相关,qSOFA评分、血Lac及RDW联合预测AUGIB患者预后不良的效能较高。     

终末期肾病维持性血液透析患者β2-MG、EOS水平与颈动脉粥样硬化及预后的关系

摘要 目的：探讨终末期肾病维持性血液透析（MHD）患者β2微球蛋白（β2-MG）、嗜酸性粒细胞（EOS）计数水平与颈动脉粥样硬化（CAS）及预后的关系。方法：选取2018年1月至2019年6月河北燕达医院收治的121例终末期肾病MHD患者,根据颈动脉粥样硬化发生情况分为CAS组（58例）和无CAS组（63例）,检测并比较两组患者的血清?茁2-MG水平、EOS计数。所有患者出院后随访3年。多因素Logistic回归分析影响终末期肾病MHD患者预后的因素,受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析β2-MG、EOS预测终末期肾病MHD患者预后的价值。结果：CAS组血清β2-MG水平,外周血中EOS计数高于无CAS组（P＜0.05）。死亡组血清β2-MG水平,外周血中EOS计数高于生存组（P＜0.05）。合并CAS、高β2-MG、高EOS计数是终末期肾病MHD患者死亡的危险因素（P＜0.05）。β2-MG、EOS联合预测终末期肾病MHD患者预后的曲线下面积为0.904,高于单独指标预测。结论：终末期肾病MHD伴CAS患者血清β2-MG水平和外周血EOS计数增高,且与预后有关,联合检测β2-MG和EOS可提高终末期肾病MHD患者预后的预测效能。     

复杂性腹腔感染的病原菌分布及APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分联合PCT检测的预后评估价值研究

摘要 目的：探讨复杂性腹腔感染的病原菌分布及急性生理和慢性健康状况Ⅱ（APACHEⅡ）评分、序贯器官衰竭（SOFA）评分联合降钙素原（PCT）检测的预后评估价值。方法：选择合肥市第二人民医院2016年1月至2020年10月收治的80例复杂性腹腔感染患者,分析腹腔细菌的病原菌分布情况。根据患者预后情况分为生存组（n=45）、死亡组（n=35）,比较两组APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分、PCT、C反应蛋白（CRP）、白细胞计数（WBC）、中性粒细胞比例、血乳酸水平。分析患者预后的影响因素,并应用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分、PCT及三者联合检测对预后的预测价值。结果：80例复杂性腹腔感染患者共培养出病原菌112株,其中革兰氏阳性球菌20株（占比17.86%）,革兰氏阴性杆菌64株（占比57.14%）,真菌28株（占比25.00%）。死亡组白色念珠菌、铜绿假单胞菌感染比例显著高于存活组,大肠杆菌感染比例显著低于存活组（P<0.05）,死亡组血清APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分、PCT、CRP、血乳酸水平显著高于存活组,WBC、中性粒细胞比例显著低于存活组（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,铜绿假单胞菌感染、白色念珠菌感染、APACHEⅡ评分≥20分、SOFA评分≥14分、PCT≥7.00 ng/mL、CRP≥100.00 mg/L、血乳酸≥4 mmol/L、WBC<6.00×10⁹、中性粒细胞比例<80.00%是患者死亡的危险因素（P<0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分联合PCT检测对患者预后评估的敏感度为95.93%,特异度为92.38%。结论：复杂性腹腔感染以革兰氏阴性杆菌为主,其死亡危险因素较多,联合检测APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分及PCT评估预后价值较高。     

PLR、NLR、CRP与老年AECOPD患者病情严重程度、近期预后的关系

摘要 目的：探讨血小板/淋巴细胞比值（PLR）、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值（NLR）、C反应蛋白（CRP）与老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期（AECOPD）患者病情严重程度、近期预后的关系。方法：选取97例老年AECOPD患者为疾病组,另取同期31例体检健康者为对照组。测定两组受试者PLR、NLR、CRP水平,比较不同病情严重程度患者PLR、NLR、CRP水平,并分析PLR、NLR、CRP与患者近期预后的关系以及三者联合评估患者预后的价值。结果：疾病组PLR、NLR、CRP水平高于对照组（P<0.05）;随着病情严重程度加重,PLR、NLR、CRP水平依次升高（P<0.05）;预后不良组PLR、NLR、CRP水平高于预后良好组（P<0.05）;ROC曲线结果显示,PLR、NLR、CRP联合评估患者预后的AUC为0.943,高于单项评估（P<0.05）。结论：PLR、NLR、CRP水平变化均可以反映老年AECOPD患者病情严重程度,且可以用来评估预后,联合评估其价值更高。     

脓毒症患者短期预后的影响因素及YAP联合STAT3检测的预测价值研究

摘要 目的：研究脓毒症患者短期预后的影响因素及Yes相关蛋白（YAP）联合信号转导子和转录激活子3（STAT3） 信使RNA（mRNA）检测的预测价值。方法：选择我院2019年3月～2021年1月收治的131例脓毒症患者,将其按照28d预后情况的差异分成死亡组以及生存组。比较两组各项基线资料,外周血单个核细胞YAP、STAT3 mRNA表达水平。采用多因素Logistic回归分析脓毒症患者短期预后的影响因素。此外,通过受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析外周血单个核细胞YAP、STAT3 mRNA表达预测脓毒症患者短期预后的效能。结果：死亡组患者的外周血单个核细胞YAP、STAT3 mRNA相对表达量均高于生存组患者（P＜0.05）。死亡组年龄大于生存组,住院时间短于生存组,APACHEⅡ评分高于生存组,合并基础疾病、机械通气的患者比例高于生存组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、APACHEⅡ评分、合并基础疾病、机械通气以及外周血单个核细胞YAP、STAT3 mRNA表达水平是脓毒症患者短期预后的影响因素（P＜0.05）。外周血单个核细胞YAP、STAT3 mRNA联合检测预测脓毒症患者短期预后的曲线下面积为0.845,高于两指标单独检测的0.623、0.687。结论：脓毒症患者短期预后的影响因素包括年龄、APACHEⅡ评分、机械通气以及合并基础疾病等,联合检测外周血单个核细胞YAP、STAT3 mRNA表达对脓毒症患者短期预后具有一定预测价值。     

甘油三酯葡萄糖乘积指数、红细胞分布宽度、血清尿酸、降钙素原与冠心病患者冠状动脉狭窄程度和短期预后的关系分析

摘要 目的：探讨甘油三酯葡萄糖乘积（TyG）指数、红细胞分布宽度（RDW）、血清尿酸（UA）、降钙素原（PCT）与冠心病患者冠状动脉狭窄程度和短期预后的关系。方法：选取2017年1月至2021年12月我院收治的150例冠心病患者,均行冠状动脉造影并以Gensini积分系统评估冠状动脉狭窄程度,分为轻度组、中度组和重度组,比较各组的TyG指数、RDW、UA、PCT水平,以Pearson相关系数分析上述指标与Gensini积分的相关性。患者出院后均随访6个月,根据有无发生主要心血管不良事件（MACE）分为预后良好组和预后不良组,以多因素Logisitc回归分析预后的影响因素,以受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析对预后的预测效能。结果：不同冠状动脉狭窄程度患者的TyG指数、RDW、UA、PCT水平差异均表现为,从轻度到重度依次升高（P＜0.05）。Pearson相关性分析显示,冠心病患者的TyG指数、RDW、UA、PCT水平与Gensini积分均呈正相关（P＜0.05）。预后不良组的甘油三酯（TG）、Gensini积分、TyG指数、RDW、UA、PCT水平均高于预后良好组（P＜0.05）;多因素Logistic回归分析显示,TG≥3.5 mmol/L、Gensini积分≥30分、TyG指数≥5、RDW≥12.8%、UA≥380 μmol/L、PCT≥35 μg/L是冠心病患者预后不良的危险因素（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示,TyG指数、RDW、UA、PCT单独及联合预测冠心病患者预后不良的曲线下面积分别为0.786、0.793、0.794、0.789和0.948,联合预测效能明显更高。结论：冠心病患者的TyG指数、RDW、血UA、PCT水平与冠状动脉狭窄程度呈正相关,其均为患者短期预后的影响因素,联合检测上述指标对患者短期预后有一定预测价值。     

AIMS65评分联合血清GAS、PGE2、BAR对急性非静脉曲张性上消化道出血患者预后的评估价值

摘要 目的：探讨AIMS65评分联合血清胃泌素（GAS）、前列腺素E₂（PGE₂）、血尿素氮/白蛋白比值（BAR）对急性非静脉曲张性上消化道出血（ANVUGIB）患者内镜下止血治疗后预后的评估价值。方法：选取2020年5月～2022年5月北京市和平里医院消化内科收治的108例的ANVUGIB患者,根据患者住院28 d内的预后分为预后不良组和预后良好组。收集患者临床资料,检测血清GAS、PGE₂水平和计算AIMS65评分、BAR。采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析ANVUGIB患者内镜下止血治疗后预后不良的影响因素,受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析AIMS65评分、GAS、PGE₂和BAR对ANVUGIB患者内镜下止血治疗后预后不良的评估价值。结果：108例ANVUGIB患者预后不良发生率为37.96％（41/108）。单因素分析显示,预后不良组年龄大于预后良好组,心率、休克指数、AIMS65评分、GAS、BAR高于预后良好组,PGE₂水平低于预后良好组（P均＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄增加和休克指数、AIMS65评分、GAS、BAR升高为ANVUGIB患者内镜下止血治疗后预后不良的独立危险因素,PGE₂升高为其独立保护因素（P均＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示,AIMS65评分联合GAS、PGE₂和BAR评估ANVUGIB患者内镜下止血治疗后预后不良的曲线下面积大于AIMS65评分、GAS、PGE₂和BAR单独评估。结论：预后不良的ANVUGIB患者AIMS65评分、GAS、BAR均高于预后良好的患者,AIMS65评分联合GAS、PGE₂和BAR评估ANVUGIB患者内镜下止血治疗后预后的价值较高。     

NLR、RDW和PCT评估老年社区获得性肺炎患者病情严重程度及预后的临床价值

摘要 目的：探讨中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值（NLR）、红细胞分布宽度（RDW）及降钙素原（PCT）在老年社区获得性肺炎（CAP）患者病情严重程度及预后评估中的临床价值。方法：回顾性分析2018年1月～2020年11月期间我院收治的127例老年CAP患者的临床资料,根据英国胸科协会改良肺炎评分(CURB-65)分为低危组（CURB-65评分＜3分,n=69例）和高危组（CURB-65评分≥3分,n=58例）;根据患者转归分为存活组（n=114例）和死亡组（n=13例）,比较各组患者的基线资料、NLR、RDW、PCT及其他实验室检查指标,并分析NLR、RDW、PCT与CURB-65评分的相关性以及预后的影响因素。结果：高危组NLR、RDW和 PCT水平均显著高于低危组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。经Pearson相关性分析可得：NLR、RDW、PCT与CURB-65评分均呈正相关关系（P＜0.05）。生存组患者白细胞计数（WBC）、中性粒细胞（NEU）、NLR、RDW、PCT和D-二聚体（D-Dimer）水平均低于死亡组,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,经多因素Logistic回归分析可得：NLR、RDW、PCT均是老年CAP患者预后的影响因素（均OR＞1,P＜0.05）。结论：NLR、RDW和PCT与CURB-65评分相关,且均是老年CAP患者预后的影响因素,NLR、RDW和PCT对老年CAP患者病情严重程度及预后具有一定的评估价值。     

血清白蛋白、降钙素原联合红细胞分布宽度对重型颅脑损伤患者住院期间死亡风险的预测价值研究

摘要 目的：探讨血清白蛋白（Alb）、降钙素原（PCT）联合红细胞分布宽度（RDW）对重型颅脑损伤（sTBI）患者住院期间死亡风险的预测价值。方法：选取2019年1月～2022年2月长沙市第一医院收治的120例sTBI患者,根据住院期间预后情况分为死亡组和存活组。收集sTBI患者临床资料并检测其血清Alb、PCT、RDW水平。采用多因素Logistic回归分析sTBI患者住院期间预后的影响因素,受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析血清Alb、PCT、RDW对sTBI患者住院期间死亡风险的预测价值。结果：120例sTBI患者住院期间死亡率为45.83％（55/120）。体温升高、糖尿病、瞳孔散大、基底池异常、中线移位≥5 mm、蛛网膜下腔出血和PCT、RDW升高为sTBI患者住院期间死亡的独立危险因素,Alb升高、格拉斯哥昏迷量表（GCS）评分增加为独立保护因素（P＜0.05）。血清Alb、PCT、RDW联合预测sTBI患者住院期间死亡风险的曲线下面积大于Alb、PCT、RDW单独预测。结论：临床应重视sTBI患者住院期间预后的影响因素,并采取对应措施进行干预。血清Alb、PCT、RDW联合预测sTBI患者住院期间死亡风险的价值较高,可作为sTBI患者住院期间死亡风险的预警指标。     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

Prostaglandin and thromboxane production by human and guinea-pig macrophages and leucocytes

The ability of partially purified human and guinea-pig haematogenous cell populations, when cultured in vitro, to metabolise arachidonic acid (AA) has been studied. Supernatants from 24 hour cell culture have been subjected to analysis for products of AA metabolism by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.The cell types studied were human peripheral blood monocytes (both glass adherent and non-adherent), neutrophils, eosinophils and leukemic leucocytes; thoracic duct lymphocytes and lung alveolar macrophages. From the guinea-pig, induced and non-induced macrophage or neutrophil enriched peritoneal exudate populations, lymph node cells, peritoneal eosinophils and peripheral blood platelets were examined. Supernatants were assayed for the presence of PGE₂, PGD₂, PGF_2α, TXB₂ and 6-keto-PGF_1α. In all types studied PGE₂ and TXB₂ were the major products formed. The identification of PGE₂ and TXB₂ was confirmed by GC/MS with multiple ion monitoring.The results have been compared with other reports and their possible significance discussed in relation to the proposed role of prostaglandins as mediators and modulators in immunopathology.     

Chemokines and cytokines: axis and allies in asthma and allergy

Allergic asthma can be precipitated by many factors. For the atopic person, fungus, pollen, dust mites, cockroach antigens, and diesel exhaust are all agents that may trigger an allergic attack. Cytokines and chemokines are integral mediators of fungal asthma. From the earliest time points, they recruit and activate the cells required for the clearance of fungus as well as being critical factors involved in the immunopathology of this disease. In the final analysis, it is clear that these mediators can act to the benefit or the detriment of the host.     

Oxidation and nitration of ribonuclease and lysozyme by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase

In spite of the many studies on protein modifications by reactive species, knowledge about the products resulting from the oxidation of protein-aromatic residues, including protein-derived radicals and their stable products, remains limited. Here, we compared the oxidative modifications promoted by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/nitrite in two model proteins, ribonuclease (6Tyr) and lysozyme (3Tyr/6Trp). The formation of protein-derived radicals and products was higher at pH 5.4 and 7.4 for myeloperoxidase and peroxynitrite, respectively. The main product was 3-nitro-Tyr for both proteins and oxidants. Lysozyme rendered similar yields of nitro-Trp, particularly when oxidized by peroxynitrite. Hydroxylated and dimerized products of Trp and Tyr were also produced, but in lower yields. Localization of the main modified residues indicates that peroxynitrite decomposes to radicals within the proteins behaving less specifically than myeloperoxidase. Nitrogen dioxide is emphasized as an important protein modifier.