人尿激酶原基因在大肠杆菌中的高效表达

本文用ＰＣＲ方法对人工合成的尿激酶原ｃＤＮＡ基因５＇端进行改造,将之克隆到表达载体ｐＫＫ２３３－２中,转化大肠杆菌ＪＡ２２１,经ＩＰＴＧ诱导,获得了占总菌体蛋白１５％的高表达。ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ和Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ结果显示表达产物主要为单链尿激酶,并且在菌体内基本上以无活性的包含体形式存在,经体外变复性,从１升培养基中可获得３０００００单位的活性尿激酶原。     

GL—7—ACA酰化酶在大肠杆菌中的分泌表达

利用来自假单胞菌的ＧＬ－７－ＡＣＡ酰化酶的信号肽和表达元件基因片段构建了ＧＬ－０７－ＡＣＡ酰化酶的分泌型高表达质粒ｐＴｒｃＣＡ１Ｓ和ｐＫＫＣＡ１Ｓ,其中ｐＴｒｃＣＡ１Ｓ为ＩＰＴＧ诱导型质粒,ｐＫＫＣＡ１Ｓ为组成型质粒。ｐＴｒｃＣＡ１Ｓ和ｐＫＫＣＡ１Ｓ转入受体菌ＴＧ１中都可高表达ＧＬ－７－ＡＣＡ酰化酶基因并将表达产物转运到周质空间,完整细胞酰楷酶比活力分别为２３．９单位每克菌体和１８．３单位每克菌体     

RGDS-尿激酶原嵌合体的构建与表达

利用定点突变及ＤＮＡ重组技术,构建了在尿激酶原Ｋ区Ｃ端的β发夹区插入了精氨酸－甘氨酸－天冬氨酸－丝氨酸〔ＲＧＤＳ〕片段的尿激酶原嵌合体基因,并利用昆虫杆状病毒表达系统通过感染Ｓｆ９细胞对野生型及嵌合体尿激酶原进行了高效表达,表达量分别为１２００～１８００ＩＵ／（１０６细胞·ｍｌ）和１８００～２４００ＩＵ／（１０６细胞·ｍｌ）．经过ＣＭ－ＳｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅＦＦ离子交换层析、ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－７５凝胶过滤层析及超滤浓缩对野生型及突变型进行了部分纯化,并对其性质进行了初步研究．表明突变体尿激酶原保留了全部尿激酶原的纤溶酶原激活活性,并具有很强的抗血小板聚集活性．ＲＧＤＳ－尿激酶原嵌合体兼有溶栓及抗栓活性     

棒状杆菌2,5—DGK还原酶基因在欧文氏菌中的表达

将能够在大肠杆菌内高效表达棒状杆菌２,５－ＤＫＧ还原酶Ｉ基因的质粒ｐＢＬ４改造成为具有链霉素抗性的质粒ｐＢＬＳ,采用改进的感受态转化法将ｐＢＬＳ导入能够利用葡萄糖高产２,５－ＤＫＧ的欧文氏菌ＳＢ１２５中,通过提高温度诱导,经ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ分析２,５－ＤＫＧ还原酶Ｉ获得了高效表达,占菌体总蛋白的２２％,不形成包涵体。体外酶活测定结果表明表达的酶具有较高的活力。同时,通过凝胶活力染色发现了宿主欧文氏     

人组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（t－PA）突变体FrGGI的构建、表达及特性分析

为了获得半衰期延长,特异活性提高及具有ＰＡＬ－１抗性的新型ｔ－ＰＡ溶栓剂,利用基因重组及定位突变技术构建了ｔ－ＰＡ的Ｋ１、Ｋ２区糖基化位点消除,ＰＡＩ－１结合位点缺失,Ｆ与Ｅ区连接序列Ｈｉｓ４４～Ｓｅｒ５０置换为纤粘蛋白Ⅰ型Ｆ区间连接序列ＧｌｕＳｅｒＬｙｓＰｒｏＧｌｕＡｌａＧｌｕＧｌｕ的ｔ－ＰＡ组合突变体ＦｒＧＧＩ,并在中国仓鼠卵巢细胞中获得了高效表达。对表达产物的生物学特性分析表明,ＦｒＧＧＩ在大鼠血浆中的半衰期延长了１５倍,并获得了ＰＡＩ－１抗性,是一株很有希望的新型溶栓剂候选株。     

人组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（t—PA）突变体FrGGI的构建,表达及特性…

为了获得半衰期延长,特异活性提高及具有ＰＡＩ－１抗性的新型ｔ－ＰＡ溶性剂,利用基因重组及定位突变技术构建了ｔ－ＰＡ的Ｋ１、Ｋ２区糖基化位点消除,ＰＡＩ－１结合位点缺失,Ｆ与Ｅ区连接序列Ｈｉｓ４４￣Ｓｅｒ５０置换为纤粘蛋白Ｉ型Ｆ区间连接序列Ｇｌｕ Ｓｅｒ Ｌｙｓ Ｐｒｏ Ｇｌｕ Ａｌａ Ｇｌｕ Ｇｌｕ的ｔ－ＰＡ组合突变体ＦｒＧＧＩ,并在中国仓鼠卵巢细胞中获得了高效表达,对表达产物的生物学特性分析表明     

江浙蝮蛇神经生长因子在家蚕幼虫中的表达

江浙蝮蛇神经生长因子（ＮＧＦ）基因克隆于昆虫病毒转移栽体ｐＢａｃＰＡＫ８中,获得重组转移栽体ｐＢａｃ－ＰＡＫ－ＮＧ〈与线性化Ｂｍ－ＡａｃＰＡＫ６修饰病基因组ＤＮＡ共转染家蚕细胞,经过体内重组,筛选到重组病毒。用重组病毒洒家蚕幼虫,５天后收集血淋巴,经ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ检测及利用ＰＣ１２细胞进行ＮＧＦ生物活力测定证明,神经生长因子在家蚕幼虫中得到较高表达,且表达产物具有良好的生物学活性     

重组人尿激酶原的分离纯化及性质研究

本文报道从人尿激酶原（ｐｒｏ－ｕｒｏｋｉｎａｓｅ,ｐｒｏ－ＵＫ）基因重组工程菌Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉＪＡ２２１表达产物的复性液中纯化尿激酶原的方法。复性产物经Ｚｎ＾２＋选择性沉淀,尿激酶抗体亲和柱层析,ｂｅｎｚａｍｉｄｉｎｅ－Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ ＣＬ ４Ｂ亲和吸附,即得比活达１１００００ＩＵ／ｍｇ的纯化产品。样品经ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ鉴定,在还原及非还原条件下,均表现为分子量为４３ｋｄ的单一条带。动力学研究测得     

固氮粪产碱菌谷氨酰胺合成酶的分离纯化及其特性

联合固氮细菌粪产碱菌Ａ１５０１菌体经超声破碎后,无细胞粗提液以ＰＥＧ－６０００分级沉淀,丙酮沉淀,再经蓝球脂糖亲和层析分离、纯化。获得的纯谷氨酰胺合成酶（ＧＳ）在ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ和４－３０％梯度ＰＡＧＥ上均呈均一的一条带。ＧＳ亚基及整酶分子量分别为５５ＫＤ和６４５ｋＤ,亚基由４５６个氨基酸残基组成。ＧＳ的Ｋｍ值。在以Ｇｌｕ为源的介质中培养时分别为２０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ（Ｇｌｕ）,５０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ（ＡＴＰ     

T7 启动子作用下人尿激酶原 cDNA 在大肠杆菌中的高效表达及分离纯化

化学合成的人尿激酶原ｃＤＮＡ克隆在表达质粒ｐＥＴ－１１ｄ中,在Ｔ７启动子的作用下,经０．１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＩＰＴＧ诱导,在大肠杆菌ＢＬ２１（ＤＥ３）ｐＬｙｓＳ中获得表达。其表达量占菌体总蛋白的１５％,表达产物以无活性的包涵体形式存在。经体外变复性,Ｚｎ＾２＋选择性沉淀,抗体亲和柱层析,及Ｂｅｎｚａｍｉｄｉｎｅ亲和吸附,所表达的人尿激酶原被纯化为单一条带,其比活约１１００００ＩＵ／ｍｇ。     

Expression of full-length human pro-urokinase in mammary glands of transgenic mice

Human pro-urokinase expressed in the mammary glands of transgenic animals is quickly activated and converted to urokinase by proteases that are present in the milk. Thus, it is nearly impossible to isolate full-sized pro-urokinase from the milk of transgenic animals. To solve this problem, we constructed transgenic mice that express human pro-urokinase and modified ecotin, which is a potent serine protease inhibitor from E. coli, in their mammary glands. The gene encoding ecotin was modified so as to enhance its specificity for the human urokinase-type plasminogen activator. Co-expression of modified ecotin and human pro-urokinase in the mammary glands allows for purification of full-length human pro-urokinase from these transgenic mice. The results described here suggest a general way of preventing the activation of zymogens that are expressed in the mammary glands of transgenic animals by co-expression of a zymogen along with a protease inhibitor.     

Activation of plasminogen by pro-urokinase. I. Mechanism

The mechanism of the activation of plasminogen by recombinant pro-urokinase (Rec-pro-UK), obtained by expression of the human pro-urokinase gene in Escherichia coli, was investigated in purified systems. In mixtures of Rec-pro-UK and plasminogen, both active urokinase and plasmin are quickly generated. Addition of plasmin inhibitors (aprotinin or alpha 2-antiplasmin) abolishes the conversion of Rec-pro-UK to urokinase but not the activation of plasminogen to plasmin, suggesting that Rec-pro-UK activates plasminogen directly. Human plasma competitively inhibits the activation of plasminogen by pro-urokinase with a Ki of 0.2% (v/v). This explains the relative stability of Rec-pro-UK in plasma and the lack of activation of the plasma fibrinolytic system in the absence of fibrin. The competitive inhibition by plasma is abolished by the addition of CNBr-digested fibrinogen although Rec-pro-UK has no specific affinity for fibrin. These findings suggest that the fibrin specificity of the activation of plasminogen by pro-urokinase is due to neutralization by fibrin of the competitive inhibition exerted by plasma and not to fibrin-enhanced activation of plasminogen.     

Soluble expression of a strong thrombolytic pro-urokinase mutant in Escherichia coli

A recombinant pro-urokinase mutant GZ5-sPA was successfully constructed by fusion of a high fibrin-affinity fragment GZ5 to the N-terminus of the serine protease domain of pro-urokinase (sPA). The fragment GZ5 contains a tetrapeptide GPRP and a tripeptide RGD, and was synthesized in bacterial preferred expressing codons. The mutant was then fused to the C-terminus of maltose binding protein (MBP) carried by pMAL-C2x vector, and expressed in Escherichia coli strain Origami (DE3). The produced fusion protein was highly soluble in the cytoplasm of the bacteria. After being cleaved with PreScission Protease to remove MBP tag, GZ5-sPA showed a molecular weight of 31 kDa on SDS-PAGE. GZ5-sPA maintained the same epitope as wild-type pro-urokinase and possessed a thrombolytic activity three times higher than standard urokinase did after being activated as two-chain form. The results could be a clue to other complicated heterogenous proteins similar to pro-urokinase.     

Activation of pro-urokinase by the human T cell-associated serine proteinase HuTSP-1

The human T cell-associated serine proteinase-1 (HuTSP-1) is expressed by activated T lymphocytes and is exocytosed upon their interaction with target cells. Here, we report that HuTSP-1 is able to convert single-chain human pro-urokinase into the active two-chain enzyme. Time-dependent activation by HuTSP-1 of recombinant human pro-urokinase as well as natural pro-urokinase derived from human melanoma cells was demonstrated in a chromogenic assay specific for active urokinase type plasminogen activator and in immunoblotting experiments revealing the conversion of single-chain into two-chain urokinase. Control experiments excluded plasmin as the activating agent. These data suggest a novel pathway for plasmin generation during T cell-mediated processes such as immune responses and extravasation of immune cells.     

Stable production of recombinant pro-urokinase by human lymphoblastoid Namalwa KJM-1 cells: Host-cell dependency of the expressed-protein stability

Human pro-urokinase (pro-UK) gene was engineered for expression in mammalian cells. The stability of recombinant pro-UKs produced by two kinds of cells, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and human lymphoblastoid Namalwa KJM-1 cells, were compared. The pro-UK expressed in CHO cells in serum-free medium was degraded by cysteine endopeptidase secreted by CHO cells. This endopeptidase was inhibited by pchloromercuribenzonate (PCMB) and leupeptin more efficiently than by aprotinin. On the other hand, the pro-UK expressed in Namalwa KJM-1 cells was not degraded, resulting in the stable production of pro-UK at a rate of 2–3 g/10⁶ cells/day by use of a gene amplification method with dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) in serum-free medium. Thus, Namalwa KJM-1 cells showed the desired characteristics as a host cell for the production of recombinant proteins. The stability of recombinant proteins produced in heterologous systems may vary depending on the host cells.Abbreviations ABTS 2,2-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline) sulfonic acid diammonium salt - AMC 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin - CHO Chinese hamster ovary - DFP diisopropylfluorophosphate - DHFR dihydrofolate reductase - ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay - MCA 4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide - MTX methotrexate - NEAA non essential amino acid - NEM N-ethylmaleimide - PCMB p-chloromercuribenzonate - PMSF phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride - pro-UK pro-urokinase     

重组尿激酶原的纯化和性质研究

CHO工程细胞11G持续表达的pro-UK分泌在细胞培养液的上清中,培养液上清经过微孔玻璃(MPG)吸附色谱,羧甲基阳离子交换色谱,高压液相凝胶色谱三步纯化,纯化倍数可达700倍以上,总回收率为46％．再经过Benzamidine-Sepharose 6B亲和层析去掉少量的双链尿激酶,得到纯化尿激酶原．终产物经SDS-PAGE银染分析,纯度达90％以上,分子量为52 ku,其比活性为51 220 U/mg．抗体中和、二异丙基氟磷酸(DFP)抑制等实验证明重组pro-UK的性质和天然pro-UK的性质相一致．     

11G工程细胞株人尿激酶原(pro-UK)基因拷贝数的测定

采用Southernblot和狭缝（Slotblot）杂交的方法,对高效表达人尿激酶原（pro-UK）的工程细胞──11G原代细胞及传134代后细胞含有的pro-UK基因拷贝数进行了测定。结果显示,11G工程细胞株内所含的pro-UK的拷贝数为100—200拷贝／细胞,传134代后其拷贝数基本不变,说明11G细胞株是稳定高表达pro-UK的工程细胞,符合WHO规定的关于重组DNA转化细胞用于生产的要求。     

Activation of plasminogen by pro-urokinase. II. Kinetics

The kinetics of the activation of plasminogen by recombinant pro-urokinase obtained by expression of human urokinase cDNA in Escherichia coli was studied. The conversion of pro-urokinase (U) and plasminogen (P) to urokinase (u) and plasmin (p) is represented by a sequence of three reactions which each obey Michaelis-Menten kinetics, i.e. (Formula: see text). In this model, pro-urokinase formally behaves as an enzyme in Reaction I and as a substrate in reaction II. The experimentally measured overall rates of formation of urokinase and plasmin are in good agreement with those calculated from the kinetic parameters and the initial concentrations of pro-urokinase and plasminogen, confirming the validity of the model. It appears that recombinant pro-urokinase is an equally potent activator of plasminogen (k2/Km = 0.05 microM-1 s-1), as in urokinase (k"2/K"m = 0.02 microM-1 s-1). This is due to the fact that the proenzyme, which is virtually inactive toward low Mr substrates for urokinase, forms an intermediate of the Michaelis-Menten type with plasminogen, with a much higher affinity than that of the active enzyme with its substrate. This is an exceptional phenomenon among the serine proteases.     

High-level expression of recombinant genes in Escherichia coli is dependent on the availability of the dnaY gene product

We have observed that proteins, such as human tissue-type plasminogen activator, pro-urokinase or gp41 of human immunodeficiency virus, which have a high content of rare codons in their respective genes, are not readily expressed in Escherichia coli. Furthermore induction of these heterologous genes leads to growth inhibition and plasmid instability. Supplementation with tRNA(AGA/AGG(Arg)) by cotransfection with the dnaY gene, which supplies this minor tRNA, resulted in high-level production with greatly improved cell viability and plasmid stability.     

Expression of a novel chimeric protein containing the A chain of tissue-type plasminogen activator and the B chain of pro-urokinase in insect cells using the baculovirus system.

A hybrid cDNA tu-pa, which contains Ser1-Thr263 of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and Ser138-Leu411 of pro-urokinase (pro-UK) was constructed and expressed in the Sf9-AcNPV system. The expression level was approximate 2.5 mg/L. Tu-PA was purified via one-step affinity column conjugated with monoclonal antibody against the B chain of pro-UK, which showed a single band of approximate 60 kDa in SDS-PAGE. The specific activity of the chimeric protein on fibrin plate was 200,000 IU/mg protein. Tu-PA had a higher selectivity for fibrin than UK and pro-UK. Its activity can be promoted by CNBr degraded fibrin fragments as t-PA.