牛蒡籽油中脂肪酸成分的气相色谱-质谱联用分析

牛蒡 (ＡｒｃｔｉｕｍｌａｐｐａＬ .)是菊科 (Ｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔａｅ)牛蒡属(ＡｒｃｔｉｕｍＬ .)植物 ,二年生草本 ,普遍分布于全国各地 ,野生或栽培。其根、叶、瘦果和籽均入药 ;茎皮纤维可造纸 ;根部含大量菊糖 ,可酿酒及作蔬菜食用 ;另外 ,还可以作为蜜源和饲料[1～ 4 ] 。据记载 ,其种子含油 2 5 %～ 30 % ;另据文献报道 ,其脂肪酸的主要成分为软脂酸、硬脂酸及油酸的甘油酯[2 ] 。牛蒡是耐盐植物 ,前人虽对其进行了较多的研究 ,但未见其籽油脂肪酸组成的准确报道 ,本文用气相色谱 质谱联用进行分析 ,以期为耐盐植物的开发利用积累部分…     

用气相色谱-质谱联用比较牛耳草代谢物的提取方法

通过比较不同的提取方法对牛耳草新鲜和脱水叶片中代谢物的提取效率,旨在建立一种可以有效鉴定并分析牛耳草脱水过程中关键小分子代谢物的种类和含量变化的方法,为研究植物耐脱水分子机制提供技术方法。本研究以气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)为分析方法,对复苏植物牛耳草代谢物提取方法进行比较。从提取总色谱峰数目、提取效率、代谢物保留时间和提取效率稳定性等方面比较甲醇溶液(A法)和甲醇-氯仿-水溶液(B法)两种提取方法的提取效果。对牛耳草新鲜样品提取结果表明,B法提取的总色谱峰数目多于A法;对9种共有代谢物的提取效率比较结果表明,B法的提取效率高于A法;对10种色谱峰的保留时间和提取效率的方法学考察结果表明,两者保留时间RSD(相对标准偏差)值均小于1%,A法提取效率的RSD值≤10%的比例为50%,B法的为100%。A法对干样的提取色谱峰数目远少于鲜样,而B法对干样的提取色谱峰数目和鲜样没有显著差异,保留时间RSD值均小于1%,提取效率的RSD值与鲜样没有差异,稳定性良好。     

气相色谱—质谱联用技术在植物激素分析中的应用

本文结合自己多年来工作的体会介绍了GC—MS技术如何用于植物激素分析和在分析过程中应注意的关键技术问题。     

气相色谱-质谱联用技术及其在代谢组学中的应用

代谢组学是以高通量、高灵敏度、高分辨率的现代仪器分析方法为手段,对细胞、体液、组织中所有代谢物进行无偏向的定性与定量分析的一门学科。气相色谱-质谱联用技术具有较高的检测灵敏度和鉴定准确度,通过标准谱图库的比对可对代谢物进行快速的鉴定,因此被广泛应用于生物样品的代谢产物的检测中。文中对近年来气相色谱-质谱联用技术的发展以及在代谢组学研究中取得的成果进行了综述。首先介绍了气相色谱-质谱联用技术的分类和常用的样品衍生化方法;继而从样品预处理、定性与定量分析、数据分析三方面介绍了气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析代谢物的方法,并系统地对该技术在微生物、植物、疾病诊断领域的应用实例进行了评述;最后提出了当前气相色谱-质谱联用技术在代谢组学研究中存在的问题并对后续的研究进行了展望。     

压榨法制备牡丹籽油的α-亚麻酸含量检测与抗氧化研究

介绍了物理压榨法制备牡丹籽油的方法，且对制备出的牡丹籽油和市售牡丹籽调和油进行了α-亚麻酸（ALA）含量检测以及对两种牡丹籽油的抗氧化性能进行对比分析。研究结果表明，牡丹籽油的α-亚麻酸含量为43.12%，牡丹籽调和油α-亚麻酸含量为29.99%；清除DPPH自由基能力牡丹籽油是调和油的1.29倍；清除ABTS自由基能力牡丹籽油是调和油的1.51倍；对Fe²⁺还原能力牡丹籽油是调和油的3.62倍；清除-OH自由基能力牡丹籽油是调和油的1.44倍。说明牡丹籽具有更强的抗氧化能力。     

现代气相色谱- 质谱联用技术 在分析不同果品香气成分中的应用

本文概述了现代气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）联用技术在测定不同果品香气成分中的应用,以期为果品的鲜食与加工提供参考依据。     

越鞠丸石油醚提取物的气相色谱-质谱分析

采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对中药复方越鞠丸石油醚提取物中的成分进行鉴定,共鉴定出60种成分,并采用峰面积归一化法确定了各成分的相对含量。     

苦豆子豆籽油化学成分研究

采用气相色谱/质谱联用,首次对苦豆子豆籽油化学成分进行了研究,检出了43种化学成分鉴定了25种成分。苦豆子豆籽油的主要成分为生物碱、有机酸及甾体类化合物。     

凤丹籽油理化特性及脂肪酸GC-MS分析

凤丹,因产于安徽铜陵凤凰山而得名。采用索氏提取法提取得到凤丹籽油,并对其部分理化特性进行测定;经甲酯化处理后,应用气相色谱/质谱(GC-MS)联用仪分析鉴定其组分,采用峰面积归一化法确定各组分含量。结果表明:凤丹籽含油率为34.86%;凤丹籽油的相对密度(d204)0.91、酸值(KOH)3.85 mg/g、碘值(I)175.63 g/100 g、皂化值(KOH)113.66 mg/g、过氧化值2.91 meq/kg;凤丹籽油中共分离鉴定出21种组分,主要是亚油酸、亚麻酸、棕榈酸和硬脂酸等,不饱和脂肪酸占89.00%,饱和脂肪酸占10.77%;除脂肪酸外,还检测出少量的酚类和烷烃。凤丹籽油是一种高不饱和脂肪酸含量的油脂,可作为油脂新资源进行深度开发。     

基于气相色谱-质谱联用技术的代谢组学方法在转植酸酶基因玉米代谢物指纹图谱分析中的应用

目的:建立气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)的代谢组学方法,初步研究转基因株系与对照株系之间代谢物指纹图谱的差异性,为转基因作物安全的评价提供参考。方法:优化提取条件,考察色谱条件,并采用主成分分析(PCA)数据处理方法对转基因株系及对照进行模式识别。结果:优化了提取条件及色谱条件,建立了GC-MS的代谢组学方法,获得了小分子的代谢产物的表达谱,发现转基因与其对照之间呈现出显著性差异。结论:优化的GC-MS的代谢组学方法可以从代谢水平检测转基因作物,找出差异性,为转基因作物的检测与评价提供技术支持。     

共轭亚油酸甘油酯对大鼠血清脂肪酸组成影响的研究

目的：研究共轭亚油酸甘油酯对高脂饮食大鼠血清脂肪酸组成变化的影响;方法：60 只SD 大鼠随机分为5 组：正常对照 组、高脂对照组,共轭亚油酸甘油酯低（2 g/kg·bw）、中（4 g/kg·bw）、高（6 g/kg·bw）剂量组,除基础对照组外其余各组均喂饲高脂 饲料,建立高脂模型,以灌胃方式给予受试物,6 周后取血清测定其脂肪酸组成。采用一步法直接对血清中脂肪酸进行甲酯化,气 相色谱毛细管柱分离,氢火焰离子化检测器（FID）定性定量分析;结果：共轭亚油酸甘油酯低、中、高剂量组大鼠血清中单不饱和 脂肪酸含量为25.66%,18.74%,17.72%,与高脂对照组相比显著性下降（P<0.01）,各剂量组饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸含量分 别为48.08%,48.52%,51.15%和27.03%,29.28%,31.13%,与高脂对照组相比显著性升高（P<0.01）。几种代表性脂肪酸如各剂量 组中的油酸、亚油酸与高脂对照组相比分别增加了26.48%,41.56%,51.26% 和9.18%,8.61%,8.73%,各剂量组中棕榈酸与高脂对 照组相比降低了5.28%, 8.80%, 10.92%。结论：共轭亚油酸甘油酯能够增加大鼠血清中饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸的含量,减 少单不饱和脂肪酸含量,改变血清脂肪酸组成。     

Changes in Lipid Peroxide Level in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells In Vitro Upon Addition of Linoleic Acids or Linoleic Acid Hydroperoxides Under Varying Concentrations of Oxygen

We previously observed the presence of autofluorescent lipofuscin or its like in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, which were incubated with linoleic acid hydroperoxides (LHP). We studied the effect of oxygen on the level of lipid peroxides in RPE cells in the presence of linoleic acids (LA) or LHP. The level of lipid peroxides in these cells was determined by use of the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS), which responded to oxygen concentrations qualitatively, and a linear regression analysis. Multiple linear regression analysis disclosed that treatment with LA for 24 hr resulted in detectable increase in the level of TBARS in the cells, whereas treatment with LA or LHP for 48 hr caused detectable decrease. Stepwise linear regression analysis showed that the level of TBARS decreased in an oxygen-tension dependent manner in the cells incubated with LA for 48 hr. Thus, it was shown that short-term incubation with LA increased the level of TBARS in the cells and that LA decreased its level in an oxygen-tension dependent manner. For these results, the postulation was made that the prolonged auto-oxidation of LA caused production of lipofuscin-like materials, a complex of lipid peroxides and proteins that were insoluble in SDS and acetic acid solution.     

Genetic control of polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in flax (Linum usitatissimum) seed oil

Summary The inheritance of two mutants of flax (Linum usitatissimum), having altered proportions of the C18 polyunsaturated fatty acids, linoleic and linolenic, was examined. Both lines, M1589 and M1722, are homozygous for a single gene mutation which reduces linolenic acid content from 34% to 22% and raises linoleic acid from 15% to 27%. Genetic analysis of crosses involving M1589, M1722 and their parental cultivar Glenelg revealed that these mutations are in different unlinked genes and exhibit additive (codominant) gene action. The symbolsLn1 andLn2 are proposed for the mutated genes in M1589 and M1722, respectively. Recombinant genotypes homozygous for the mutant alleles at both loci are very low in linolenic acid (2%) and high in linoleic acid (48%), with unaltered proportions of other fatty acids. The complete inverse correlation between linoleic and linolenic acids (r=-0.98) indicates that the mutations block the synthesis of linolenic acid at the linoleic desaturation step.     

楮实子油精提前后脂肪酸的GC-MS分析比较

首次采用皂化、水解和冷冻等方法纯化楮实子油中的不饱和脂肪酸,确定较好的皂化条件为:碱含量为原油重的35%,温度为80~90℃;冷冻处理的最佳条件为:加5倍楮实子油重的丙酮溶解后,置入-8~-10℃保持48 h,去掉饱和脂肪酸,可使不饱和脂肪酸的含量由65%提高到88%。     

Brain Quinolinic Acid in Huntington''s Disease

Concentrations of the endogenous neurotoxic tryptophan metabolite, quinolinic acid (QA), were measured in postmortem brain tissue obtained from patients with Huntington's disease (HD) and matched controls, using a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method. There was no significant difference in either the putamen or the frontal cortex between the HD and control groups. These results do not support the hypothesis that increased QA is responsible for neuronal degeneration in HD.     

不同浓度维生素C对亚油酸微团的促过氧化和抗过氧化作用

不同浓度维生素Ｃ对亚油酸微团的促过氧化和抗过氧化作用于颖彦（河北医学院附属第二医院病理科石家庄０５００００）冈田茂（日本冈山大学医学部病理学教室７００）关键词亚油酸,脂质过氧化,铁离子,维生素Ｃ维生素Ｏ（简称Ｖｃ）在人体内除了参与激素、神经传导介质和...     

Formation of Keto and Hydroxy Compounds of Linoleic Acid in Submitochondrial Particles of Bovine Heart

To observe lipid peroxidation of additive-free submitochondrial particles, we incubated submitochondrial particles in the absence of exogenous irons and t-butyl hydroperoxide. After the incubation, the phospholipids were hydrolyzed by phopholipase A₂, and the fatty acid constituents were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Contrary to a commonly accepted theory, lipid peroxidation in the submitochondrial particles did not need the addition of NADH. In the phospholipid constituent fatty acids of the oxidized submitochondrial particles, derivatives of hydroperoxides of linoleic acid such as keto, hydroxy, trihydroxy, and hydroxyepoxy compounds were generated. Lipid peroxidation in the submitochondrial particles was not inhibited by the addition of catalase, superoxide dismutase, hydroxyl radical scavengers, or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, but was inhibited by the addition of KCN, antimycin-A, NADH, ubiquinol, deferoxamine mesylate, ascorbic acid, and -tocopherol. The cardiolipin–cytochrome c lipid peroxidation system could mimic the lipid peroxidation of the submitochondrial particles, in terms of linoleic acid products and the inhibitory patterns of radical scavengers and electron transfer chain inhibitors. Thus, lipid peroxidation in the submitochondrial particles seems to be due to phospholipid–hemoprotein lipid peroxidation systems such as the cardiolipin–cytochrome c system.     

GC-MS分析伊犁绢蒿挥发油化学成分

利用水蒸气蒸馏法提取伊犁绢蒿挥发油,出油率为0．25％。采用色谱-质谱-计算机联用技术,从检出的30个成分中鉴定出28个,所鉴定成分占挥发油色谱总峰面积的98．66％。其主要化学成分为α-苎酮(78．74％)、樟脑(6．17％)、桧烯醇乙酸酯(1．94％)、β-苎酮(1．40％)、乙酸乙酯(1．14％)等,占总挥发油成分的89．46％。     

循环亚油酸水平与动脉粥样硬化风险的因果关联：一项两样本孟德尔随机化研究

摘要 目的：本文拟探讨遗传预测的循环亚油酸水平与不同部位动脉粥样硬化的因果关联。方法：采用两样本孟德尔随机化（Mendelian randomization, MR）研究方法,选择与亚油酸相关联的单核苷酸多态性位点（single nucleotide polymorphism, SNPs）作为工具变量（Instrument Variables, IVs）,评估遗传预测的循环亚油酸水平与不同部位动脉粥样硬化的因果关联。结果：逆方差加权法（Inverse Variance Weighted, IVW）分析结果显示,遗传预测的循环亚油酸水平与冠状动脉粥样硬化风险存在显著正相关（OR=1.32, 95% CI: 1.09-1.61, P=0.005）;循环亚油酸水平与脑动脉粥样硬化风险之间无因果关联 （OR=1.18, 95% CI: 0.63-2.23, P=0.602）。循环亚油酸水平与外周动脉粥样硬化风险存在显著负相关（OR= 0.55, 95% CI: 0.39-0.77, P=0.001）。循环亚油酸水平与其他动脉粥样硬化（不包括脑、冠状动脉和外周动脉）之间无显著的因果关联（OR=0.99, 95% CI: 0.81-1.21, P=0.916）。结论：遗传预测的循环亚油酸水平与冠状动脉粥样硬化及外周动脉硬化存在因果关联,亚油酸在动脉粥样硬化防治中的作用值得重视及进一步研究。     

杜仲籽油与紫苏籽油脂肪酸组成的比较研究

利用气相色谱法,对杜仲籽油和紫苏籽油的脂肪酸组成、α-亚麻酸含量等进行了比较研究。结果发现,两者不仅脂肪酸GC指纹图谱较为相似(脂肪酸组成、含量基本相同),而且外观、气味、折光率等质量指标也非常相近。说明了杜仲籽油具有与紫苏籽油同样的开发价值。