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1.
D. A. Balashov A. V. Recoubratsky L. N. Duma E. V. Ivanekha V. V. Duma 《Russian Journal of Developmental Biology》2017,48(5):347-353
Fertility of backcross triploid hybrids containing one genome of Prussian carp and two genomes of common carp is investigated. The females of hybrids of Prussian carp and common carp (Prussian × common carp) are prolific and produce diploid gametes. Since males of such hybrids are sterile, their reproduction is realized by means of induced gynogenesis. Triploid progeny is obtained by backcrossing female Prussian × common carp with carp males. Among triploids obtained from hybrids F1 and among hybrids of the first gynogenetic generation, there were no prolific specimens. However, in reproduction of diploid hybrids by means of gynogenesis during six generations, the female fertility in the backcross progeny is restored. From backcross triploid females (daughters of Prussian × common carp of the sixth gynogenetic generation), a viable triploid gynogenetic progeny and a tetraploid backcross (by carp) progeny are obtained. The obtained data may be considered as the experimental proof of the hypothesis of reticular speciation. 相似文献
2.
O. A. Torgunakova V. E. Chrisanfov V. K. Prizenko A. K. Bogeruk T. A. Egorova S. K. Semyenova 《Russian Journal of Genetics》2012,48(1):93-100
Polymorphism of the mitochondrial cyt b gene was examined in 35 individuals of common carp and wild common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). The fish examined represented two natural populations from Khabarovsk krai (Ac and Am), Volga wild common carp, Don
wild common carp, and two common carp breeds, Ropsha (strains BB and MM) common carp and Hungarian common carp. The highest
level of nucleotide (π) and haplotype (h) diversity was detected in two strains of Ropsha common carp (MM, π = 0.67%, h = 0.7; and BB, π = 0.21%, h = 0.9) and in one population (Am) of Amur wild common carp (π = 0.26%; h = 0.6). The second population of Amur wild common carp (Ac) and Hungarian common carp were characterized by lower variation
estimates (π = 0.035%, h = 0.4; and π = 0.09%, h = 0.7, respectively). Genetic homogeneity was demonstrated for the populations of Volga and Don wild common carp (π = 0,
h = 0). In the sample of the cyt b sequences examined, three lineages were identified. Lineages I and II united all haplotypes of the Am Amur wild common carp
along with two haplotypes of Ropsha common carp, strain MM. The third lineage (III) was formed by the haplotypes of three
individuals of Ropsha common carp strain MM, all representatives of Ropsha common carp strain BB, Hungarian common carp, Ac
Amur wild common carp, and Don and Volga wild common carps. Statistically significant amino acid differences were observed
only for the sequences, corresponding to haplotypes of lineage III, and the sum of sequences of lineages I and II. Effectiveness
of different types of markers to differentiate the two subspecies of European and Amur wild common carp (C. c. carpio and C. c. haematopterus) is discussed, as well as the issues of the origin and dispersal of Russian common carp and wild common carp breeds. 相似文献
3.
This paper discusses a number of experiments performed, involving the fusion by an electric field of mesophyll protoplasts
from Solanum tuberosum cv. Bintje, S. tuberosum dihaploid clones 243, 299 and the wild tuberous disease-resistant species S. bulbocastanum and S. pinnatisectum. Three fusion experiments (S. bulbocastanum + S. tuberosum dihaploid 243, S. pinnatisectum + S. tuberosum cv. Bintje and S. pinnatisectum + S. tuberosum dihaploid 299) yielded 542 calli, the 52 ones of which produced shoots. Obtained regenerants were estimated by the flow-cytometry (FC)
and RAPD analysis to determine hybrid plants.The utilisation of the FC as a useful method for detecting somatic hybrids is
also discussed in this paper. The combination S. bulbocastanum + S. tuberosum dihaploid 243 led to the creation of eight somatic hybrids, the combination S. pinnatisectum + S. tuberosum cv. Bintje yielded four somatic hybrids and the combination S. pinnatisectum + S. tuberosum dihaploid 299 resulted in no hybrid regenerants. Morphology in vitro, growth vigour and production of tuber-like structures
were evaluated in hybrid plants. Plants were transferred in vivo for further estimation (acclimatization, habitus evaluation
and tuberization ability). 相似文献
4.
Crop to weed transgene flow, which could result in more competitive weed populations, is an agricultural biosafety concern.
Crop Brassica napus to weedy Brassica rapa hybridization has been extensively characterized to better understand the transgene flow and its consequences. In this study,
weedy accessions of B. rapa were transformed with Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cry1Ac- and green fluorescence protein (gfp)-coding transgenes using Agrobacterium to assess ecological performance of the wild biotype relative to introgressed hybrids in which the transgenic parent was
the crop. Regenerated transgenic B. rapa events were characterized by progeny analysis, Bt protein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Southern blot analysis,
and GFP expression assay. GFP expression level and Bt protein concentration were significantly different between independent
transgenic B. rapa events. Similar reproductive productivity was observed in comparison between transgenic B. rapa events and B. rapa × B. napus introgressed hybrids in greenhouse and field experiments. In the greenhouse, Bt transgenic plants experienced significantly
less herbivory damage from the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella). No differences were found in the field experiment under ambient, low, herbivore pressure. Directly transformed transgenic
B. rapa plants should be a helpful experimental control to better understand crop genetic load in introgressed transgenic weeds. 相似文献
5.
Interspecific somatic hybrids between a dihaploid potato clone H-8105 susceptible to Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary and a resistant diploid tuberizing species Solanum bulbocastanum were generated and analysed. Only ten regenerants displaying the intermediate morphology with dominating characteristics
of the wild parent (simple leaves, anthocyanin pigmentation) were produced in 15 weeks after a single PEG-mediated fusion
event. The RAPD patterns confirmed the hybridity of all of them. The hybrids rooted poorly and grew slowly in vitro. The cytological analysis revealed a high degree of aneuploidy in the hybrids with morphological and growth anomalies in vitro, while the morphologically normal hybrids were tetraploids. All the S. bulbocastanum (+) H-8105 hybrids were unstable in culture and three of them were consequently lost during three years of propagation in vitro. The possible reasons for instability of somatic hybrids between the distantly related species are discussed. 相似文献
6.
In the present investigation, the interspecific somatic hybridization between tuber mustard and red cabbage was established in order to introduce valuable genes from red cabbage (Brassica oleracea) into Brassica juncea. Prior to fusion treatment, protoplasts of red cabbage were inactivated with 2 mM iodoacetamide to inhibit cell division. Micro-calluses were obtained at a frequency of 10.3% after approximately 5 weeks culture following protoplast fusion. Some of the fusion-derived calluses possessed red pigmented cells after being transferred to proliferation medium, and they were presumably considered to be somatic hybrid cell lines. Plantlets were regenerated from 12 cell lines, of which nine plantlets exhibited characteristics intermediate of both parents in terms of plant morphology. With the exception of common protein bands featured by two parents, there were unique banding patterns produced in the hybrids by using SDS-PAGE analysis. By chromosome countings, it was showed that they ranged approximately from 2n=30 to 42 in chromosome numbers. Their hybridity were further confirmed by RAPD analysis revealing that genes of both parents were partially incorporated into the hybrids. Positively, all these hybrids were capable of seed-setting. The pod-setting was 4.2 in somatic hybrid H7 when backcrossed with tuber mustard. 相似文献
7.
In our early experiments, a variety of Bupleurum scorzonerifolium-like somatic hybrid plants were obtained from protoplast fusion between Arabidopsis thaliana and UV-treated/untreated B. scorzonerifolium. To compare the effects of UV and γ-ray irradiation on the B. scorzonerifolium partner and obtain Arabidopsis-like hybrids, we designed a novel combination of somatic hybridization between A. thaliana and B. scorzonerifolium. Before protoplast isolation and fusion, the suspension cells of B. scorzonerifolium were irradiated by gamma ray (60Co, 50 Gy with 1.3 Gy min−1). Both parental protoplasts lost regeneration capacity, but over 100 somatic hybrids restored the capacity and developed
to Arabidopsis-like inflorescences and flowers with some characteristics of B. scorzonerifolium. Some hybrid flowers showed yellow sepal, petal, or carpel, whose color was similar to the petal of B. scorzonerifolium; the others had silique of Arabidopsis with angularity of B. scorzonerifolium, and their parts possessed five stamens, the same as B. scorzonerifolium. Cytological analysis showed that three hybrids had Arabidopsis-like karyotypes. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) profiles revealed that both parental
fragments were amplified from these hybrids. These results indicated chromatin introgression from B. scorzonerifolium to A. thaliana, which may be related to the complementation of hybrid inflorescence and flower generation. 相似文献
8.
The wild species Brassica
maurorum Durieu (MM, 2n = 16) is useful for the improvement of Brassica crops. Herein, interspecific reciprocal crosses between B. maurorum and three cultivated Brassica allotetraploids were carried out with the aid of embryo rescue. Trigenomic hybrids with Brassica
napus (AACC, 2n = 38) and Brassica
carinata (BBCC, 2n = 34) were produced from reciprocal crosses, but the hybrids with Brassica
juncea (AABB, 2n = 36) were obtained only when B. maurorum was used as female. All the hybrids were morphologically intermediate between their parents, and were male and female sterile.
By in vitro chromosome doubling of the trigenomic hybrids, the allohexaploids (AACC.MM/MM.AACC, 2n = 54; BBCC.MM, 2n = 50; MM.AABB, 2n = 52) were established and characterized for their phenotype and cytology. The fertilities of three allohexaploids were different,
for AACC.MM and MM.AACC failed to produce seeds by selfing, but BBCC.MM showed low seed-set and MM.AABB had good seed-set.
They also expressed variable extents of male meiotic regularity as to chromosome pairing and segregation, with MM.AABB > BBCC.MM > AACC.MM/MM.AACC,
the same order as their fertility. So their meiotic behavior contributed to the fertility. Finally, the potential of these
allohexaploids as a bridge for genetic improvement of Brassica crops was discussed. 相似文献
9.
S. V. Mezhzherin S. V. Kokodii A. V. Kulish D. B. Verlatii L. V. Fedorenko 《Cytology and Genetics》2012,46(1):28-35
The hybridization of crucian carp Carassius carassius inhabiting polyspecific carp populations of Ukraine’s water bodies and the genetic structure of its hybrids were studied
using biochemical gene marking and cytometry procedures. The widespread hybridization between C. auratus and C. carassius was justified by a large number of hybrids, which could form populations only represented by hybrid specimens. The hybrids
of C. auratus × C. carassius were diploid, triploid, and, in exceptional cases, tetraploid. Females and males were presented in equal numbers and were
most likely breeding by hybridogenesis. Alongside with that, some clonal hybrids of C. carassius × C. gibelio-1 were represented by tetraploid females, and one triploid female of C. carassius × Tinca tinca was found. Arguments are presented in favour of hybridization of alien C. auratus and endemic C. carassius and that this hybridization may appear as one of the mechanisms of replacement and suppression of the C. carassius species. 相似文献
10.
Karin Sonntag Brigitte Ruge-Wehling Peter Wehling 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2009,96(3):297-305
A method for isolation and shoot regeneration from electrofused protoplasts of L. angustifolius and L. subcarnosus was developed. Viable protoplasts were isolated from leaves of in-vitro grown seedlings at an average yield of 6 × 105 protoplasts g−1 fresh weight. Liquid and agarose solidified B5 media were used for protoplast culture. In the liquid-culture system, all
tested media, VKM, P1 and KM8p, were applicable for inducing cell division (84% of all tested petri dishes at four weeks)
and colony formation. Media containing additional carbohydrates were suitable to produce compact calli with green and brown
pigmentations in different combinations. Analysis of callus with molecular markers allowed to identify six somatic hybrids.
However, none of the parental-protoplast derived cell colonies could develop shoots. This is the first report on protoplast
fusion of L. angustifolius and L. subcarnosus with subsequent shoot regeneration. 相似文献
11.
J. J. Jiang X. X. Zhao W. Tian T. B. Li Y. P. Wang 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2009,99(1):91-95
Intertribal somatic hybrids of Brassica napus and Camelina sativa were developed by protoplast electrofusion. Hybrid identity of the regenerants was determined using flow cytometric analysis
of nuclear DNA content and simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker analysis. Three hybrids exhibited specific bands for B. napus and C. sativa. These hybrids showed intermediate leaf, flower and seed morphology compared with the two parental species. The seeds of
these three hybrids had a modified fatty acid profile, indicating higher level of linolenic and eicosanoic acids than those
of B. napus. Our results suggest that somatic hybridization offers opportunities for transferring entire genomes between B. napus and C. sativa in improving rapeseed breeding. 相似文献
12.
Dongdong Xu Feng You Zhihao Wu Jun Li Jing Ni Zhizhong Xiao Peijun Zhang Yongli Xu 《Genetica》2009,137(2):151-158
Interspecific reciprocal crosses between the two flatfishes Paralichthys olivaceus and P. dentatus yielded hybrids with different viabilities. Specifically, the hybrids of P. olivaceus female and P. dentatus male (HI) were found to be viable, while the reciprocal hybrids from P. dentatus female and P. olivaceus male (HII) were completely inviable. All the HII individuals showed morphological deformities and died before first feeding.
The chromosome analysis showed that HI individuals had the same chromosome number as parents. However, two chromosomes were
missing in HII offspring indicating that the latter were aneuploids. Genomic inheritance from the parents to F1 progeny was also examined by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analyses, and the results showed differences between
reciprocal hybrids. Almost all AFLP bands (97.71%) observed in parents were passed on to HI individuals. In contrast, only
86.64% of the AFLP bands from parents were scored in HII individuals. Frequency of lost parental bands was thus significantly
higher in HII than that in HI and intraspecific crosses, which was probably associated with chromosomal elimination. In addition,
higher segregation distortions were found in hybrids than in controls, although these differences were not significant. The
present study indicates that chromosomal elimination and loss of AFLP loci occurred in inviable HII individuals, while such
genomic changes were not found in viable HI individuals. Possible implications of such difference on genomic changes for asymmetric
viability in reciprocal hybrids are discussed. 相似文献
13.
Wen Liu Xuesen Chen Guanjun Liu Qing Liang Tianming He Jianrong Feng 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2007,88(3):289-299
Embryo rescue technique was used successfully to produce interspecific hybrids by crossing peach (P. persica) as a female parent with apricot (P. armeniaca) and plum (P. salicica). In those crosses that had ‘Yuhualu’ or ‘Zhonghuashoutao’ as female parents, hybrid embryos aborted from the 7th or 8th
week after pollination mainly due to post-pollination incompatibility. An embryo rescue protocol was established to rescue
such embryos and recover hybrid plants. Modified half-strength MS medium containing 4 mg l−1 6-BA and 0.5 mg l−1 IBA produced up to 90% germination in the embryos. Modified MS medium with 1.0 mg l−1 6-BA and 1.0 mg l−1 IBA gave the highest bud induction and multiplication whereas modified MS medium containing 0.5 mg l−1 IAA and 0.2 mg l−1 NAA gave the best rooting percentage. All the hybrids obtained using this embryo rescue technique were verified using simple
sequence repeat (SSR) markers. A series of pollen treatments were carried out to partially overcome pre-pollination incompatibility,
and it was found accidentally that pollen treatment with electrostatic field not only improved pollen germination but also
increased the multiplication coefficient of embryo-induced shoots. 相似文献
14.
To establish a procedure for Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of golden pothos (Epipremnum aureum) plants, the effects of selection antibiotics and the preculture period of stem explants before A. tumefaciens infection were examined. Explants were co-cultivated with A. tumefaciens EHA105, harboring the plasmid pGWB2/cGUS, on a somatic embryo-inducing medium supplemented with acetosyringone. Resulting
transgenic somatic embryos were screened on an antibiotic selection medium, and the transgenic pothos plants were regenerated
on a germination medium. Hygromycin was the optimum selection antibiotic tested. The preculture period significantly affected
the transformation efficiency, with explants precultured for one-day showing the best efficiency (5–30%). Both transformed
hygromycin-resistant embryos and regenerated plants showed β-glucuronidase activity. Southern blot analysis confirmed transgene
integration into the pothos genome. This reproducible transformation system for golden pothos may enable the molecular breeding
of this very common indoor plant. 相似文献
15.
R. A. Komakhin V. V. Komakhina N. A. Milyukova A. A. Zhuchenko 《Russian Journal of Genetics》2012,48(1):23-31
To study and induce meiotic recombination in plants, we generated and analyzed transgenic tomato hybrids F1-RecA and F1-NLS-recA-LicBM3 expressing, respectively, the recA gene of Escherichia coli and the NLS-recA-licBM3 gene. It was found that the recA and NLS-recA-licBM3 genes are inherited through the maternal and paternal lineages, they have no selective influence on the pollen and are contained
in tomato F1-RecA and F1-NLS-RecA-LicBM3 hybrids outside the second chromosome in the hemizygous state. The comparative analysis of the meiotic recombination
frequency (rf) in the progenies of the transgenic and nontransgenic hybrids showed that only the expression of the recA gene of E. coli in cells of the F1-RecA plants produced a 1.2–1.5-fold increase in the frequency of recombination between some linked marker
genes of the second chromosome of tomato. 相似文献
16.
Studying Pneumocystis has proven to be a challenge from the perspective of propagating a significant amount of the pathogen in a facile manner.
The study of several fungal pathogens has been aided by the use of invertebrate model hosts. Our efforts to infect the invertebrate
larvae Galleria
mellonella with Pneumocystis proved futile since P. murina neither caused disease nor was able to proliferate within G. mellonella. It did, however, show that the pathogen could be rapidly cleared from the host. 相似文献
17.
Background
Three mutations in Arabidopsis thaliana strain Columbia – cpr1, snc1, and bal – map to the RPP5 locus, which contains a cluster of disease Resistance genes. The similar phenotypes, gene expression patterns, and genetic interactions observed in these mutants are related to constitutive activation of pathogen defense signaling. However, these mutant alleles respond differently to various conditions. Exposure to mutagens, such as ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and γ-irradiation, induce high frequency phenotypic instability of the bal allele. In addition, a fraction of the bal and cpr1 alleles segregated from bal × cpr1 F1 hybrids also show signs of phenotypic instability. To gain more insight into the mechanism of phenotypic instability of the bal and cpr1 mutations, we systematically compared the behavior of these unusual alleles with that of the missense gain-of-function snc1 allele in response to DNA damage or passage through F1 hybrids. 相似文献18.
R. I. Ludanny G. G. Chrisanfova V. K. Prizenko A. K. Bogeruk S. K. Semyenova 《Russian Journal of Genetics》2010,46(5):572-577
Using five microsatellite loci, genotyping and genetic diversity estimates were obtained for nine samples representing seven
common carp breeds most widespread in Russia. For comparison, the samples of Amur wild common carp (Cyprinus carpio haematopterus) and a sample of European Hungarian carp were used. In the samples examined (n = 148) a total of 78 alleles were revealed. The highest mean allele number per locus (7.3) was identified in Amur wild common
carp, while the lowest number was found in Cherepets carps (4.0). In different breeds, the observed heterozygosities varied
from 0.819 (Altai carp) to 0.651 (Cherepets scaly carp). Three out of five microsatellite loci (MFW-24, MFW-28, and MFW-19) revealed a high level of population differentiation. In the dendrogram of genetic differences, all breeds clustered into
two groups. One of these groups was composed of the two strains of Ropsha carp, Stavropol carp, Amur wild common carp, and
the two samples of Cherepets carp. The second cluster included Altai carp (Priobskii and Chumysh populations), two Angelinskii
carp breeds (mirror and scaly), and Hungarian carp. The pairs of breeds/populations/strains, having common origin, were differentiated.
Specifically, these were two populations of Altai carp, two strains of Ropsha carp, as well as the breeds of Angelinskii and
Cherepets carps. The reasons for genetic differentiation of Russian common carp breeds, as well as the concordance of the
evolutionary histories of these breeds, some of which originated from the European breeds, while the others contain substantial
admixture of the Amur wild common carp, are discussed. 相似文献
19.
A genetic transformation system has been developed for callus cells of Crataegus
aronia using Agrobacterium
tumefaciens. Callus culture was established from internodal stem segments incubated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with
5 mg l−1 Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 0.5 mg l−1 6-benzyladenine (BA). In order to optimize the callus culture system with respect to callus growth and coloration, different
types and concentrations of plant growth regulators were tested. Results indicated that the best average fresh weight of red
colored callus was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg l−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 1.5 mg l−1 kinetin (Kin) (callus maintenance medium). Callus cells were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium harboring the binary plasmid pCAMBIA1302 carrying the mgfp5 and hygromycin phosphotransferase (hptII) genes conferring green fluorescent protein (GFP) activity and hygromycin resistance, respectively. Putative transgenic calli
were obtained 4 weeks after incubation of the co-cultivated explants onto maintenance medium supplemented with 50 mg l−1 hygromycin. Molecular analysis confirmed the integration of the transgenes in transformed callus. To our knowledge, this
is the first time to report an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system in Crataegus
aronia. 相似文献