6—BA诱导的带正电荷的葡萄叶过氧化物酶

河岸葡萄叶的带正电荷过氧化物酶可受６－ＢＡ诱导,但盐,Ｈ２Ｏ２或Ｆｅ＾２＋＋Ｈ２Ｏ２均使叶片ＣＯＰＤ活性明显下降,而高浓度的无机盐明显刺激纯ＣＯＰＤ活性增加。在以愈创木酚为底物时ＣＰＯＤ最适ｐＨ为４．６０－５．７５,对Ｈ２Ｏ２的表面Ｖｍａｘ和Ｋｍ值分别为１１０Ｕ／ｍｇ蛋白和１．１５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ。     

N~ 离子注入对不同辐射敏感性微生物超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性的影响

以Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ和耐辐射微球菌（Ｄｅｉｎｏｃｏｃｃｕｓｒａｄｉｏｄｕｒａｎｓ）为试材,研究了Ｎ＋离子注入对其ＳＯＤ、ＣＡＴ和ＰＯＤ活性的影响及其对自由基的清除。结果表明：Ｄ．ｒａｄｉｏｄｕｒａｎｓ经Ｎ＋离子注入后ＳＯＤ和ＣＡＴ酶活高于Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ的,而ＰＯＤ酶活不仅很低也低于Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ的;随剂量的增大,两者ＳＯＤ和ＣＡＴ酶活均为先增后减,只是其ＳＯＤ酶活的变化峰值对应剂量分别为６×１０１５Ｎ＋／ｃｍ２和２×１０１５Ｎ＋／ｃｍ２,而ＣＡＴ的则均为４×１０１５Ｎ＋／ｃｍ２;它们的ＰＯＤ酶活变化则不同,各处理耐辐射微球菌ＰＯＤ酶活保持低而恒定的水平,而大肠杆菌的则是中低剂量较恒定,较高剂量逐渐增大;对１０１６Ｎ＋／ｃｍ２注入的细胞培养到后对数期,再测其自由基ＥＳＲ波谱信号强度,发现比同剂量注入、未进行培养的要弱的多。     

大豆液泡膜H~+-ATPase泵质子活性的研究

研究了大豆液泡膜Ｈ＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ泵质子特性。液泡膜Ｈ＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ泵质子活性受ＮＥＭ、ＮＢＤ－Ｃｌ、ＤＣＣＤ和ＮＯ３－的抑制。泵质子活性由二价阳离子启动,其有效性依次为Ｆｅ２＋＞Ｍｇ２＋＞Ｍｎ２＋,它以ＡＴＰ为最适底物,ＡＤＰ为竞争性抑制剂;最适ｐＨ为７．０,最适温度为５０°Ｃ。     

蚯蚓体内一种纤溶酶原激活剂(e-PA)对ATEE的降解

赤子爱胜蚓（Ｅｉｓｅｎｉａｆｅｔｉｄａ）体内的一种纤溶酶原激活剂（ｅ－ＰＡ）能够降解人工合成底物Ｎ－乙酰－Ｌ－酪氨酸乙酯（ＡＴＥＥ）,该降解反应的最适ｐＨ为８．５,而且在０．２ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａ２ＨＰＯ４中的活性要强于在０．０５ｍｏｌ／ＬＴｒｉｓ－ＨＣｌ（ｐＨ８．５）中．分别测定了ｅ－ＰＡ的大小亚基及全酶在０．２ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａ２ＨＰＯ４与０．０５ｍｏｌ／ＬＴｒｉｓ－ＨＣｌ（ｐＨ８．５）两种体系中的Ｋｍ和Ｋｃａｔ．结果表明,在０．２ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａ２ＨＰＯ４中,全酶的ＡＴＥＥ活性远远高于大小亚基单独的ＡＴＥＥ活性,而在０．０５ｍｏｌ／ＬＴｒｉｓ－ＨＣｌ（ｐＨ８．５）中则没有这种现象．从蛋白质结构的角度对这一结果作了解释．用不同抑制剂和ｅ－ＰＡ作用,结果表明,ｐｅｐｓｔａｔｉｎ,Ｅ－６４和ＥＤＴＡ对ｅ－ＰＡ的ＡＴＥＥ活性都有不同程度的抑制,这一点与ｅ－ＰＡ的ＢＡＥＥ活性不同．     

N^＋离子束注入烟草愈伤组织对膜脂过氧化及相关酶活性的影响

首次采用烟草愈伤组织,经不同剂量的Ｎ＋离子束注入处理,与对照组（非注入非真空组、真空处理组）比较分析结果表明：超氧自由基（Ｏ．－２）产生速率升高、过氧化氢（Ｈ２Ｏ２）和丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量增加。在低剂量（１３×１０１５Ｎ＋／ｃｍ２）注入时,超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）、过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）的活性升高;随着剂量加大（≥４×１０１５Ｎ＋／ｃｍ２）,它们的活性反而降低。同时Ｎ＋离子束注入有直接钝化酶的效应,从而导致离子束注入组的酶活性比对照组酶活性低,对过氧化物酶尤其如此。     

DOPE、DOPC对重组去脂肌质网Ca~(2+)-ATPase活力和构象的影响

经磷脂酶Ａ２ 去脂的肌质网Ｃａ２ ＋ － ＡＴＰａｓｅ 重组于不同比例的二油酰磷脂酰胆碱（Ｄｉｏｌｅｏｙｌｐｈｏｐｈａｔｉｄｙｌｃｈｏｌｉｎｅ,ＤＯＰＣ） 和二油酰磷脂酰乙醇胺（Ｄｉｏｌｅｏｙｌｐｈｏｐｈａｔｉｄｙｌｅｔｈａｎｏｌａｍｉｎｅ,ＤＯＰＥ） 形成脂酶体,研究了不同磷脂环境中Ｃａ２ ＋ － ＡＴＰａｓｅ 的ＡＴＰ 水解和Ｃａ２ ＋ 转运活力。结果表明,ＤＯＰＣ 和ＤＯＰＥ 分别有利于ＡＴＰ 水解和Ｃａ２ ＋ 的转运,ＤＯＰＥ 可以增强Ｃａ２ ＋ － ＡＴＰａｓｅ 的ＡＴＰ水解和Ｃａ２ ＋ 转运之间的偶联效率。利用内源荧光、荧光淬灭及Ｆｏｒｓｔｅｒ 能量转移原理测定Ｃａ２ ＋ －ＡＴＰａｓｅ 相应的构象变化, 发现随着ＤＯＰＥ／ ＤＯＰＣ 比例的改变使Ｃａ２ ＋ － ＡＴＰａｓｅ 构象发生相应的变化。     

氮离子注入对耐辐射异常球菌SOD活性的影响及其对Mn—SOD的诱导

研究了氮离子注入对耐辐射异常球菌（Ｄｅｉｎｏｃｏｃｃｕｓｒａｄｉｏｄｕｒａｎｓ）细胞内超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性的影响及其对ＭｎＳＯＤ的诱导。结果表明,当２０ｋｅＶ氮离子的注入剂量低于８×１０１４ｉｏｎｓ／ｃｍ２时,Ｄ．ｒａｄｉｏｄｕｒａｎｓ中ＳＯＤ活性变化不大,当剂量在８×１０１４～６０×１０１４ｉｏｎｓ／ｃｍ２范围内时,ＳＯＤ的活性随着注入剂量的增大逐渐提高,但大于６０×１０１４ｉｏｎｓ／ｃｍ２时,则逐渐下降;加入对不同金属辅基的ＳＯＤ同工酶活性抑制剂Ｈ２Ｏ２和氯仿乙醇的研究表明,中高剂量下氮离子注入诱导的是Ｄ．ｒａｄｉｏｄｕｒａｎｓ中ＭｎＳＯＤ活性的提高,在正常生理条件及小于８×１０１４ｉｏｎｓ／ｃｍ２的剂量下,Ｄ．ｒａｄｉｏｄｕｒａｎｓ中ＳＯＤ总活性主要由ＦｅＳＯＤ构成     

氮离子注入对耐辐射异常球菌SOD活性的影响及其对Mn-SOD的诱导

研究了氮离子注入对耐辐射异常球菌（Ｄｅｉｎｏｃｏｃｃｕｓｒａｄｉｏｄｕｒａｎｓ）细胞内超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性的影响及其对ＭｎＳＯＤ的诱导。结果表明,当２０ｋｅＶ氮离子的注入剂量低于８×１０１４ｉｏｎｓ／ｃｍ２时,Ｄ．Ｒａｄｉｏｄｕｒａｎｓ中ＳＯＤ活性变化不大,当剂量在８×１０１４～６０×１０１４ｉｏｎｓ／ｃｍ２范围内时,ＳＯＤ的活性随着注入剂量的增大逐渐提高,但大于６０×１０１４ｉｏｎｓ／ｃｍ２时,则逐渐下降;加入对不同金属辅基的ＳＯＤ同工酶活性抑制剂Ｈ２Ｏ２和氯仿乙醇的研究表明,中高剂量下氮离子注入诱导的是Ｄ．Ｒａｄｉｏｄｕｒａｎｓ中ＭｎＳＯＤ活性的提高,在正常生理条件及小于８×１０１４ｉｏｎｓ／ｃｍ２的剂量下,Ｄ．Ｒａｄｉｏｄｕｒａｎｓ中ＳＯＤ总活性主要由ＦｅＳＯＤ构成     

小麦根质膜H^＋—ATPase的部分纯化

以小麦（ＴｒｉｔｉｃｕｍａｅｓｔｉｖｕｍＬ．）根为材料,采用不连续蔗糖密度梯度离心法制备高纯度质膜微囊。质膜经ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ１００和ＫＣｌ处理后,再用Ｚｗｉｔｅｒｇｅｎｔ３１４增溶Ｈ＋ＡＴＰａｓｅ,最后用硫酸铵沉淀得到部分纯化的质膜Ｈ＋ＡＴＰａｓｅ。ＳＤＳＰＡＧＥ结果表明,经过上述步骤纯化,分子量为９４ｋＤ的膜蛋白组分得到富集;与质膜相比,其含量提高１５．７倍。部分纯化的质膜Ｈ＋ＡＴＰａｓｅ可以水解ＡＴＰ,受Ｋ＋刺激,并被Ｎ,Ｎ′ｄｉｃｙｃｌｏｈｅｘｙｌｃａｒｂｏｄｉｍｉｄｅ（ＤＣＣＤ）抑制;ＡＴＰ水解活力被Ｎａ３ＶＯ４抑制９５％,但不被ＮａＮ３、ＮａＮＯ３和Ｎａ２ＭｏＯ４抑制。     

强光及活性氧对大豆光合作用的影响

利用叶绿素荧光技术研究了强光及活性氧对大豆（ Ｇｌｙｃｉｎｅ ｍａｘ Ｌ．） 光合作用的影响。结果表明,大豆叶片在强光（２０００ μｍｏｌ·ｍ － ２·ｓ－ １） 下照射２ ｈ 后,净光合放氧速率下降。随着处理光强的增加,叶绿素荧光参数Ｆｍ／Ｆｏ、Ｆｖ／ Ｆｍ 、ΦＰＳⅡ、ｑＰ 和ｑＮ 均呈下降趋势。在强光处理大豆叶片时,加入外源活性氧Ｈ２Ｏ２ 、Ｏ－·２ 、·ＯＨ 和１Ｏ２ 后,大豆叶片受到伤害。其中１Ｏ２ 和·ＯＨ 的破坏作用十分明显,表现为Ｆｖ／ Ｆｍ 和ΦＰＳⅡ的明显降低。抗氧化剂ＤＡＢＣＯ、甘露醇、抗坏血酸和组氨酸对强光下的大豆叶片有保护作用,但这种保护作用不强。在暗处理叶片时,超氧物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）的抑制剂ＤＤＣ对Ｆｍ／ Ｆｏ 和Ｆｖ／Ｆｍ 的影响不大;抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（ＡＰＸ） 的抑制剂ＮａＮ３ 使Ｆｖ／Ｆｏ、Ｆｖ／ Ｆｍ和ΦＰＳⅡ下降明显。强光处理大豆叶片时,ＤＤＣ明显降低Ｆｍ／ Ｆｏ、Ｆｖ／ Ｆｍ 和ΦＰＳⅡ,ＮａＮ３ 降低Ｆｍ／ Ｆｏ、Ｆｖ／ Ｆｍ 和ΦＰＳⅡ的作用则更大。据此推测,在强光下大豆发生了光抑制,光抑制的发生与活性氧的存在有一定的关系     

Purification and characterization of a cationic peroxidase Cs in Raphanus sativus

A short distance migrating cationic peroxidase from Korean radish seeds (Raphanus sativus) was detected. Cationic peroxidase Cs was purified to apparent homogeneity and characterized. The molecular mass of the purified cationic peroxidase Cs was estimated to be about 44 kDa on SDS-PAGE. After reconstitution of apoperoxidase Cs with protohemin, the absorption spectra revealed a new peak in the Soret region around 400 nm, which is typical in a classical type III peroxidase family. The optimum pH of peroxidase activity for o-dianisidine oxidation was observed at pH 7.0. Kinetic studies revealed that the reconstituted cationic peroxidase Cs has Km values of 1.18 mM and of 1.27 mM for o-dianisidine and H2O2, respectively. The cationic peroxidase Cs showed the peroxidase activities for native substrates, such as coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and scopoletin. This result suggested that cationic peroxidase Cs plays an important role in plant cell wall formation during seed germination.     

裂褶菌F17锰过氧化物酶酶活力影响因素的响应面优化(英文)

锰过氧化物酶是真菌分泌的一种糖基化的含有血红素辅基的胞外蛋白,在染料降解和脱色过程中起着重要作用。本实验利用本实验室保存的的白腐真菌裂褶菌Schizophyllum sp.F17产锰过氧化物酶(MnP),研究MnP的酶学性质,并对酶活条件进行优化。实验通过超滤浓缩、DEAE-纤维素、DE52离子交换层析和Sephadex G-75凝胶过滤等步骤,分离纯化得到电泳纯的锰过氧化物酶。该酶蛋白含量为23μg/mL,分子量大小为49.2kDa,在0.1mmol/L H2O2中半衰期为5~6min。Mn2+、H2O2以及酶的用量可以影响MnP酶促反应的效率,在单因子分析法的基础上,通过全因子中心组合设计响应面分析表明:H2O2以及H2O2与酶用量之间的交互作用对酶促反应的作用是最显著的。在优化条件下,酶对偶氮染料金橙G、刚果红显示出较强的脱色能力。     

Biochemical characterization of the suberization-associated anionic peroxidase of potato.

The anionic peroxidase associated with the suberization response in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers during wound healing has been purified and partially characterized at the biochemical level. It is a 45-kD, class III (plant secretory) peroxidase that is localized to suberizing tissues and shows a preference for feruloyl (o-methoxyphenol)-substituted substrates (order of substrate preference: feruloyl > caffeoyl > p-coumaryl approximately syringyl) such as those that accumulate in tubers during wound healing. There was little influence on oxidation by side chain derivatization, although hydroxycinnamates were preferred over the corresponding hydroxycinnamyl alcohols. The substrate specificity pattern is consistent with the natural substrate incorporation into potato wound suberin. In contrast, the cationic peroxidase(s) induced in response to wound healing in potato tubers is present in both suberizing and nonsuberizing tissues and does not discriminate between hydroxycinnamates and hydroxycinnamyl alcohols. A synthetic polymer prepared using E-[8-(13)C]ferulic acid, H(2)O(2), and the purified anionic enzyme contained a significant amount of cross-linking through C-8, albeit with retention of unsaturation.     

Purification and characterization of peroxidase from cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis) buds

Peroxidases (EC 1.11.1.7; donor: hydrogen peroxide oxidoreductase) are part of a large group of enzymes. In this study, peroxidase, a primer antioxidant enzyme, was purified with 19.3 fold and 0.2% efficiency from cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.) by ammonium sulphate precipitation, dialysis, CM-Sephadex ion-exchange chromatography and Sephadex G-25 purification steps. The substrate specificity of peroxidase was investigated using 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), 2-methoxyphenol (guaiacol), 1,2-dihydroxybenzene (catechol), 1,2,3-trihyidroxybenzene (pyrogallol) and 4-methylcatechol. Also, optimum pH, optimum temperature, optimum ionic strength, stable pH, stable temperature, thermal inactivation conditions were determined for guaiacol/H(2)O(2), pyrogallol/H(2)O(2), ABTS/H(2)O(2), catechol/H(2)O(2) and 4-methyl catechol/H(2)O(2) substrate patterns. The molecular weight (M(w)) of this enzyme was found to be 44 kDa by gel filtration chromatography method. Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) was performed for isoenzyme determination and a single band was observed. K(m) and V(max) values were calculated from Lineweaver-Burk graph for each substrate patterns.     

Balance between anionic and cationic extracellular peroxidase activities in Sedum album leaves after ozone exposure. Analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography

Peroxidase activity was assayed with different electron donors (guaiacol, ascorbate, syringaldazine) in the intercellular fluid of Sedum album L. leaves after ozone exposure. Anionic and cationic peroxidases were separated and purified by high performance ion-exchange and gel permeation chromatography. Both isoperoxidases were tested as regards their molecular weight and apparent kinetic constants with different substrates. Ascorbate peroxidase activity was rapidly stimulated after ozone exposure, whereas syringaldazine peroxidase activity reached its maximum 24 h later. Increases in ascorbate and syringaldazine peroxidase activities occurred simultaneously with increases in cationic and anionic peroxidase activities, respectively. Apparent K_m values indicate a high affinity of cationic peroxidases for ascorbate and of anionic peroxidases for syringaldazine. The metabolic role of this balance between cationic and anionic peroxidases after ozone exposure is discussed.     

豆壳过氧化物酶的分离纯化及其性质研究

从豆壳抽提液经硫酸铵分级沉淀,ＤＥＡＥ－ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＡ－５０离子交换层析,ＣｏｎＡ－Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ４Ｂ亲合层析和Ｂｉｏ－ＧｅｌＰ－６０凝胶过滤,纯化了豆壳过氧化物酶（ｓｏｙｂｅａｎｈｕｌｐｅｒ－ｏｘｉｄａｓｅ,ＳｈＰ）．纯化酶的比活力为７０７７Ｕ／ｍｇ,在ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ上显示出一条蛋白质带．ＳｈＰ分子量为３８０００,等电点为３．９;ＳｈＰ为一含血红素的糖蛋白,含糖量为１８．７％,光谱学分析揭示,在４０６ｎｍ处有一典型的Ｓｏｒｅｔ带,在５１０ｎｍ和６４０ｎｍ处有特征吸收峰．酶反应的最适ｐＨ在４．０附近,最适温度为４５℃;在ｐＨ２．５～１２．０之间较稳定,７５℃,保温６０ｍｉｎ,酶活力残余６８％,ＳｈＰ是一种良好的耐酸碱、耐热过氧化物酶．动力学分析求得ＳｈＰ的表观Ｋｍ（愈创木酚）为１．６２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,表现Ｋｍ（Ｈ２Ｏ２）为０．３４ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ．在所测定的化学试剂中,Ｎ－３、ＣＮ－、Ｆｅ３＋、Ｆｅ２＋和Ｓｎ２＋对酶有较强烈的抑制作用,而重金属离子Ａｇ＋、Ｈｇ２＋、Ｐｂ２＋、Ｃｕ２＋、Ｃｒ３＋以及ＳＤＳ和ＥＤＴＡ对酶活力无显著影响     

Dimerization of ferulic and caffeic acids by purified peroxidase isolated from Bupleurum salicifolium callus culture

A novel peroxidase that catalyses the transformation of caffeic acid and ferulic acid via oxidative coupling was purified from callus cultures of Bupleurum salicifolium petioles. The enzyme, which was purified over 2,900-fold, is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 38,000, determined by SDS/PAGE and gel filtration. The K(m) values obtained were 2.4x10(-4) M for caffeic and 2.6x10(-4) M for ferulic acid, while the K(m) values for H2O2 with caffeic acid was 4x10(-5) M and for H2O2 with ferulic acid was 4.8x10(-4) M. The purified peroxidase exhibits lower activity with typical peroxidase substrates (guaiacol and pyrogallol) than it does with caffeic and ferulic acids, but does not exhibit any activity with other phenylpropanoids tested (cinnamic acid, coumaric acid, and 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid).     

Chorion peroxidase-mediated NADH/O(2) oxidoreduction cooperated by chorion malate dehydrogenase-catalyzed NADH production: a feasible pathway leading to H(2)O(2) formation during chorion hardening in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes

A specific chorion peroxidase is present in Aedes aegypti and this enzyme is responsible for catalyzing chorion protein cross-linking through dityrosine formation during chorion hardening. Peroxidase-mediated dityrosine cross-linking requires H(2)O(2), and this study discusses the possible involvement of the chorion peroxidase in H(2)O(2) formation by mediating NADH/O(2) oxidoreduction during chorion hardening in A. aegypti eggs. Our data show that mosquito chorion peroxidase is able to catalyze pH-dependent NADH oxidation, which is enhanced in the presence of Mn(2+). Molecular oxygen is the electron acceptor during peroxidase-catalyzed NADH oxidation, and reduction of O(2) leads to the production of H(2)O(2), demonstrated by the formation of dityrosine in a NADH/peroxidase reaction mixture following addition of tyrosine. An oxidoreductase capable of catalyzing malate/NAD(+) oxidoreduction is also present in the egg chorion of A. aegypti. The cooperative roles of chorion malate/NAD(+)oxidoreductase and chorion peroxidase on generating H(2)O(2) with NAD(+) and malate as initial substrates were demonstrated by the production of dityrosine after addition of tyrosine to a reaction mixture containing NAD(+) and malate in the presence of both malate dehydrogenase fractions and purified chorion peroxidase. Data suggest that chorion peroxidase-mediated NADH/O(2) oxidoreduction may contribute to the formation of the H(2)O(2) required for chorion protein cross-linking mediated by the same peroxidase, and that the chorion associated malate dehydrogenase may be responsible for the supply of NADH for the H(2)O(2) production.     

Induction of an anionic peroxidase in cowpea leaves by exogenous salicylic acid

Two isoperoxidases were detected in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) leaves. Treatment of the primary leaves with 10mM salicylic acid increased the total peroxidase activity contributed by the anionic isoform. To isolate both the anionic and cationic peroxidases the leaf crude extract was loaded on a Superose 12 HR 10/30 column followed by chromatography on Mono-Q HR 5/5. Both enzymes were stable in a pH range from 5 to 7. The optimum-temperatures for the cationic and anionic peroxidase isoforms were, respectively, 20-30 degrees C and 30 degrees C. The dependence of guaiacol oxidation rate varying its concentration at constant H(2)O(2) concentration showed, for both enzymes, Michaelis-Menten-type kinetic. Apparent K(m)(s) were 0.8 and 4.8 microM for the cationic and anionic isoperoxidases, respectively.     

Purification and properties of peroxidase from Nitrosomonas europaea

Peroxidase from the obligate chemosynthetic bacterium Nitrosomonas europaea was purified 1,500-fold, and its properties were examined. The enzyme had a molecular weight of 53,000 and exhibited characteristic absorption maxima at 410, 524, and 558 mmu. The optimal pH and temperature were 7.5 and 44 C, respectively. The peroxidase reaction had an energy of activation of 5,850 cal/mole and required a primary substrate (H(2)O(2)) concentration of 7 x 10(-6)m to proceed at half maximal velocity (K(m)). Reduced cytochrome, c,p-phenylenediamine and pyrogallol acted as hydrogen donors to the purified peroxidase-H(2)O(2) complex. Conditions most suitable for the chemical oxidation of ammonium by H(2)O(2) were determined. The reaction was rapid and produced nitrite but no nitrate. Hydroxylamine was not detected as an intermediate, but it could substitute for ammonium in the system. Neither the rate nor the extent of these reactions was influenced by purified peroxidase, and no evidence was obtained to support a conclusion that the enzyme performs a vital role in the transformation of ammonium to nitrite by N. europaea.