REVIEWS

John Ray, Naturalist: his life and works. B y C. E. RAVEN
The Reproductive Capacity of Plants: Studies in Quantitative Biology. B y E. J. S alisbury .     

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Decay of Timber and its Prevention. By K. S t G. C artwright and W. P. K. F indlay
Hormones and Horticulture: The use of special chemicals in the control of plant growth. B y G eorge S. A very , Jr. and E. B. J ohnson     

Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Annual Review of Phytopathology , vol. 1 (ed. J. G. H orsfall )
Forest refreshed . B y N orman E. H ickin
Hops . B y A. H. B urgess
Plant Virology . Ed. M. K. C orbett and H. D. S isler
Pests of Field Crops . B y F. G. W. J ones and M argaret J ones     

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Field Studies in Ecology . By E. B racher
Practical Bacteriology . By A. C unningham
The Families of Flowering Plants. 2: Monocotyledons; arranged according to a New System based on their Probable Phylogeny . By J. H utchinson
(1) Elements of Botan?y. By R. M. Holman and W. W. Robbins
(2) A Textbook of General Botany f o r Colleges and Universities. By R. M. HOLMAN and W. W. ROBBINS.
Texas Grasses . By W. A S ilveus
Economic Plants . By E. E. S tanford
The Wistar Institute Style Brief
Cellular Respiration . by N orman U. M eldrum     

Review

Book Reviewed in this article:
Organelle Heredity. B y N icolas W. G illham .
Microbodies/Peroxisomen pflanzicher Zellen. By B. G erhardt .
Plant Metabolism. By G erhard R ichter .
Water in Plants Bibliography. Ed. by J. P ospisilova and J. S olarova .
Plant Growth Analysis. By R oderick H unt .
Progress in Botany. Morphology, Physiology, Genetics, Taxonomy, Geobotany. Ed. by H. E llenberg , K. E sser , H. Merxmüller, E. S chnepf and H. Z iegler .
Organisation in Plants. By W. M. M. B aron .
Plant Breeding for Pest and Disease Resistance. By G. E. R ussell .
Incompatibility in Angiosperms. By D. D e N ettancourt .
Soybean Physiology, Agronomy and Utilization. Ed. by A. G. N orman .
Flora of Turkey , Volume 6 ( Lobehaceae to Scrophulariaceae ). Ed. by P. H. D avis , assisted by J. R. E dmondson , R. R. M ill and B.S.P arris .
Tropical Trees and Forests. An Architectural Analysis. By F.H allé , R.A.A. O ldeman and P. B. T omlinson .
Vegetation Mitteleuropas mit den Alpen. By H einz E llenberg .     

Book Reviews

Books review in this article:
Limnology of Mountain Lakes . E dited B y J. Fott (1994)
Colpodea (Ciliophora). Protozoenfauna Vol. 4/1 . E dited B y D. M atthes . W. F oissner (1993)
Taxonomische und Okologische Revision der Ciliaten des Saprobiensystems (Band HI: Hymenostomata, Prostomatida, Nassulida) . W. F oissner , H. B erger , F. K ohmann (1994)     

Reviews

Book Reviewed in This Article:
Tropische Nutzpflanzen. By H einz B rücher .
The Molecular Biology of Plant Cells. Ed. by H. S mith .
Plant Metabolism. By H. D. K umar and H. N. S ing h.
The Ribonucleic Acids. Ed. by P. R. S tewart and D. S. L etham .
Transport Phenomena in Plants. By D. A. B aker .
Transport of Ions and Water in Animals. Ed. by B. L. G upta , R. B. M oreton , J. L. O scham and B. J. W all .
Water in Plants Bibliography. Ed. by J. P ospisilova and J. S olarova .
Advances in Botanical Research. Vol. 4. Ed. by R. D. P reston and H. W. W oolhouse .
Progress in Botany: Morphology: Physiology: Genetics: Taxonomy: Geobotany. Ed. by H einz E llenerg , K arl E sser , H ermann M erxmuller , E berhard S chnepf and H ubert Z eigler .
Progress in Botany – Morphology, Physiology, Genetics, Taxonomy, Geobotany. Ed. by H. E llenberg , K. E sser , H. M erxmüller , E. S chnepf and H. Z iegler .
Plant Root Systems. By R. S cott R ussell .
Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises. Edited by K enneth S. N orris .     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
L egionella : C urrent S tatus and E merging P erspectives (1993). Edited by J.M. Barbaree, R.F. Breiman and A.P. Dufour.
Pseudomonas: M olecular B iology and B iotechnology (1992). Edited by E. Galli, S. Silver and B. Witholt.
A dvances in B iochemical E ngineering / B iotechnology 45 (1992). Edited by A. Fiechter.
A dvances in M icrobial E cology (1993). Edited by K.C. Marshall.
T he B iology of H alophilic B acteria (1993). Edited by R.H. Vreeland and L.I. Hochstein.
B akterienviren (1992). By S. Klaus, D. Krüger and J. Meyer.     

Studies on Coli-aerogenes and Other Gram-negative Intestinal Bacteria in Various Animals and Birds

S ummary . Some faecal material from native animals and birds (especially) showed either no coli-aerogenes bacteria or contained types other than Escherichia coli I.
Amongst coli-aerogenes isolates, E. coli I was frequent but the high percentage of other biotypes indicated that the animal host may serve as a pool of intermediate and irregular strains. Paracolons and Proteus spp. were abundant, and Salmonella spp. were isolated from dogs and native animals possibly in contact with man.
Animals were only occasionally carriers of enteropathogenic E. coli serotypes and seldom of types locally important in the etiology of infantile diarrhoea, such as E. coli O26:B6 and O55:B5. In this series O86 serotypes other than the diarrhoeal strain isolated from babies were found. The results of the study indicated some degree of host specificity. In the group of 20 O serotypes (referred to as specific E. coli ), O8 was most commonly listed. Most strains were sensitive to chemotherapeutic agents but resistance of some strains especially to sulphonamide was recorded.
The implication of the presence in the animal gut of coli-aerogenes bacteria other than E. coli type I is discussed in relation to bacterial standards for drinking water.     

中国实蕨属的分类修订

对实蕨属Bolbitis的17种植物的孢子进行了扫描电镜观察。根据孢子周壁特征,中国产实蕨属的孢子明显可分为3种类型：A型孢子具网状周壁,B型孢子具鸡冠状-波状周壁,C型孢子具平滑的波状周壁。孢子周壁特征、叶脉式样和叶片顶部的形态是实蕨属中最有价值的分类学性状。根据标本检查,结合野外调查和孢子形态观察,对中国产实蕨属的分类进行了修订,确定中国有实蕨属植物20种和3杂交种,其中包括2个新组合B. fengiana (Ching) S. Y. Dong和B. medogensis (Ching &; S. K. Wu) S. Y. Dong,以及2个中国新分布B. costata Ching ex C. Chr.和B. hookeriana K. Iwats.。将B. latipinna Ching、B. media Ching &; Chu H. Wang、B. yunnanensis Ching、Egenolfia crassifolia Ching、E. crenata Ching &; P. S. Chiu、E. fengiana Ching、E. medogensis Ching &; S. K. Wu和E. ×yunnanensis Ching &; P. S. Chiu等8个名称处理为新异名。文中给出了分种检索表、每个种的生境和分布资料、大多数种的特征集要和孢子扫描电镜照片。     

Conserved portion in bacterial ribosomal RNA

The conserved portion in bacterial ribosomal RNA was studied by the DNA-RNA hybridization method. The hybridization percentages were as follows: Bacillus subtilis DNA and B. subtilis 23S rRNA, 0.16; Escherichia coli DNA and E. coli 23S rRNA, 0.15; B. subtilis DNA and E. coli 23S rRNA, 0.03; E. coli DNA and B. subtilis 23S rRNA, 0.04. The RNA's extracted from the heterologous hybrids could be rehybridized with DNA's of B. subtilis and E. coli. The average chain lengths of the RNA's were estimated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation and Sephadex gel filtration. The results suggested that the size might be larger than 30 nucleotides. Nucleotide compositions of the RNA's in the hybrids were also studied. Both RNA's contained higher molar percentages of guanylic acid and cytidylic acid than the whole rRNA's.     

Cytoplasmic assembly of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles from 6 S and 20 S RNA-free intermediates in L929 mouse fibroblasts.

Newly transcribed small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) appear transiently in the cytoplasm where they assemble with snRNP core proteins (B, D, E, F, and G) stored in large pools of snRNA-free intermediates before returning permanently to the nucleus. In this report, the cytoplasmic assembly of snRNP core particles in L929 mouse fibroblasts was investigated by kinetic analysis of assembly intermediates resolved on sucrose gradients. Immunoprecipitation of gradient fractions with anti-snRNP autoimmune antisera identify pools of 6 and 20 S snRNA-free snRNP protein intermediates. The snRNP B protein has a heterodisperse sedimentation from 4 to 20 S with peaks at 6 and 20 S, and the snRNP D protein is in a bimodal distribution at 6 and 20 S. At 6 S the D protein is assembled with the E, F, and G proteins into a RNA-free core particle with a stoichiometry of D4EFG. SnRNP assembly proceeds by snRNA assembling initially with the 6 S D4EFG particle and then two copies of the B protein to form an 11-15 S SnRNP particle. The 20 S forms of the D protein in the cytoplasm are less stable than the 6 S D4EFG particle. The U1-specific A and C proteins leak from isolated nuclei and appear in the cytoplasmic fractions where they sediment from 10 to 20 S and from 4 to 8 S, respectively.     

Books reviews

M olecular B iology of P lant -P athogen I nteractions (1989). Edited by B. Staskawicz, P. Ahlquist & O. Yoder.
A dvances in B iochemical E ngineering /B iotechnology . Volume 36. E nzyme S tudies . (1988). Edited by A. Fiechter.
Microbial Proteinases: H.M. Kalisz The Amidases from a Bacterium Strain: M. Maestracci, K. Bui, A. Thiery, A. Arnaud and P. Glazy
L aboratory D iagnosis of I nfectious D iseases : P rinciples and P ractice (1988).
S afety A ssurance for E nvironmental I ntroductions of G enetically -E ngineered O rganisms (1988). Edited by J. Fiksel & V.T. Covello.
C oncise E ncyclopedia of S cience and T echnology (1989). 2nd Edition. Edited by S.P. Parker.
N ew C oncepts in V iral H eart D isease : V irology , I mmunology and C linical M anagement (1988).     

藜蒿提取物抑菌作用的初步研究

采用榨汁、水提、醇提等 3种不同的方法 ,提取藜蒿中的抗菌有效成分。测定了各种提取物对 14种食品腐败菌的最低抑菌浓度 ( MIC) ,结果表明 :1.藜蒿汁的 MIC:痢疾杆菌为 2 5% ,大肠杆菌为 2 5% ,巨大芽孢杆菌为 50 % ,面包酵母为 5% ;2 .藜蒿水提物的 MIC:痢疾杆菌为 2 .5% ,大肠杆菌为 5% ,巨大芽孢杆菌为 5% ,面包酵母为 10 % ;3.黎蒿醇提物的 MIC:痢疾杆菌、巨大芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌均为 5% ,蜡状芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、面包酵母、黄曲霉均为 10 % ,产朊酵母、裂殖酵母、异常汉逊酵母、白地霉、桔青霉、镰刀霉均为 2 0 %     

The species of the Enicospilus americanus complex (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in eastern North America

The Enicospilus americanus species-complex is characterized and a key presented to the seven eastern North American species. Three species, E.americanus (Christ), E.glabratus (Say) and E.texanus (Ashmead) are redescribed, and four species are described as new. These are: E. lebophagus sp.n., a Mesoamerican species whose range just extends into southern Texas; E.cushmani sp.n., a widespread eastern North American species, E.aktites sp.n., a Mesoamerican coastal species whose range extends into the very southern tip of Florida; and E.peigleri sp.n., a northern Mexican/southern U.S. species. The cephalic capsules of the final instar larvae of five species are described, and notes on the biology of all species presented. The known hosts of the species are listed.  

Resumen

Se caracteriza el complejo de especies Enicospilus americanus y se presenta una Have para las siete especies del este de Norte America. Se redescriben tres especies: E.americanus (Christ), E.glabratus (Say) y E.texanus (Ashmead) y cuatro se describen como nuevas: E.lebophagus , una especie mesoamericana cuya distribution apenas se extiende hasta el sur de Texas; E.cushmani , especie muy distribuida en el este norte-americano; E.aktites , una especie mesoamericana cuya distribucion apenas se extiende hasta el sur de Florida; y E.peigleri , especies del norte de Mexico y sur de los Estados Unidos. Se describen las capsulas cefalicas del instar final de larva de cinco especies y se presentan algunas notas sobre la biologia de todas las especies, asi como tambien una lista con todos los huespedes conocidos de las especies.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA: Excavations at Snaketown: Material Culture . H arold S. G ladwin , E mil Haury, E. B. S ayles , N ora G ladwin .
NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA: Excavations at Snaketown, II: Comparisons and Theories. H arold S. G ladwin .     

C-bands on chromosomes of four beetle species (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Silphidae, Elateridae, Scarabaeidae)

The C-banding pattern of Bembidion geniculatum, Silpha atrata, Prosternon tesselatum, and Epicometis hirta are presented. All analysed species have pracentromeric C-bands on autosomes and chromosome X but the widest ones are visible in the karyotype of B. geniculatum. In S. atrata, P. tesselatum, and E. hirta sex chromosome y is heterochromatic, only B. geniculatum having the Y chromosome wholly euchromatin. The results indicate that on the chromosomes of the investigated species do not have a terminal and an intercalar segments of heterochromatin.