昆虫病原斯氏线虫SY-5对重组Cip晶体蛋白的营养利用（英文稿）

【目的】初生型Photorhabdus luminescens细菌产生两种胞内晶体蛋白CipA和CipB,为其共生的昆虫病原异小杆线虫提供营养。探索非共生的斯氏线虫对Cip蛋白的营养利用情况。【方法】在已构建重组Cip蛋白大肠杆菌表达体系的基础上,建立重组菌细胞与无菌斯氏SY-5线虫共培养系统,检测线虫的生长发育情况。【结果】Cip蛋白对目标线虫生长有显著支持作用:发育为成虫的比例达到65%-82%,雌虫的怀卵率为80%-95%,平均怀卵量为30-50粒,并显著降低各虫态的死亡率。【结论】Cip蛋白不仅为共生的异小杆线虫提供营养,亦能为斯氏线虫所利用。     

昆虫病原线虫共生细菌胞内晶体蛋白的研究进展

初生型发光杆菌属(Photorhabdus)及嗜线虫致病杆菌属(Xenorhabdus)细菌分别与异小杆线虫属(Heterorhabditis)和斯氏线虫属(Steinernema)昆虫病原线虫互惠共生.这类昆虫病原细菌在稳定生长期分别产生两种形态各异的胞内晶体蛋白.本文回顾了这类蛋白的研究历史和最新的研究进展,特别是胞内晶体蛋白的理化性质和生物学功能,同时讨论这种晶体蛋白的研究方法与技术.     

黄皮种子中酰胺类生物碱及其杀线虫活性研究

为了解黄皮种子中的酰胺类生物碱及其杀线虫活性,运用多种色谱学及波谱学方法分离并鉴定了10个酰胺类生物碱,分别为:N-甲基桂皮酰胺(1),clausenalansamide A(2),3-dehydroxy-3-methoxyl-clausenalansamide A(3),clausenalansamide B(4),黄皮新肉桂酰胺B(5),N-(2-苯乙基)肉桂酰胺(6),2′-dehydroxy-2′-oxo-clausenalansamide B(7),lansamide-7(8),homoclausenamide(9),1,5-dihydro-5-hydroxy-1-methyl-3,5-diphenyl-2H-pyrrol-2-one(10)。其中,化合物3,7,10为新天然产物。首次对黄皮种子中的酰胺类生物碱2~8进行全齿复活线虫致死活性的测试,发现所测化合物均有致死活性,其中,化合物2,3,5和8有较强的致死活性,且均优于阳性对照除线磷,可为相关农药的研发提供科学依据。     

渗透剂对酿酒酵母生长的影响及其模型分析

考察了Saccharomyces cerevisiae FL1酵母菌株在固体平板上的生长动力学过程及2种渗透剂对不同生理阶段的酵母细胞增殖行为的影响．建立了一个数学模型,该模型可以预测固体培养过程中生物量随时间的变化情况,结果表明,模型预测值与实际值能够很好符合,将该模型应用于考察氯化钠和甘油对细胞增殖行为的影响,结果揭示,氯化钠显著抑制指数生长期和平衡期细胞分裂,降低酵母比生长速率和生物量;甘油对平衡期细胞增殖有促进作用,提高比生长速率和生物量;甘油与氯化钠之间存在协同作用,0．15M甘油不能减弱高盐的应激作用。     

Cln3缺失对酿酒酵母生长的影响

Cln3是酿酒酵母G1期周期蛋白中的一种,为了研究Cln3在细胞周期与形态发生中的作用,我们构建了酿酒酵母CLN3基因的缺失株,并对其表型进行了分析。结果显示,cln3缺失株对α信息素的敏感性增强,α信息素诱导的细胞周期停滞现象明显大于野生型菌株,这种增强作用不受Sgv1因子的影响。同时,与野生菌相比cln3缺失株的细胞形态也有明显变化,双倍体cln3缺失株细胞的顶端生长能力增强而单倍体细胞的侵入生长能力则受到抑制。结果表明,与酿酒酵母的另外两个G1期周期蛋白Cln1、Cln2不同,Cln3在形态发生中有其独特的功能与作用方式。     

重组昆虫病原细菌Cip蛋白基因工程菌发酵条件的初步研究

昆虫病原细菌产生两种胞内晶体蛋白CipA和CipB,为新型的生物农药——昆虫病原线虫提供必需的营养。在已构建原核表达载体pET-15b-cipA和pET-15b-cipB的基础上,研究了这两种重组载体在不同宿主菌中的表达情况,重组菌的生长特性,摇瓶培养时表达重组Cip蛋白工程菌的发酵条件。结果显示:以E.coli BL21(DE3)为宿主菌,在LB培养基中培养至OD600为0.8～1.0时,1 mmol/L IPTG诱导8 h,CipA和CipB的表达量可达30.9%和32.6%,重组质粒具有良好的分离稳定性和结构稳定性。     

低产高级醇酿酒酵母突变菌株的差异蛋白组分析及

【目的】高级醇是白酒微量香气成分中的重要组成部分,但是高级醇含量过高会对酒的品质产生不利影响,而白酒中的高级醇主要是在酒精发酵过程由酵母产生的,因此酿酒酵母高级醇合成相关蛋白的研究对于控制高级醇产生具有重要意义。【方法】以诱变得到的低产高级醇酿酒酵母菌株ARTP5和原始酿酒酵母菌株CF4为研究对象,比较两株酵母的胞内蛋白组差异,寻找高级醇合成相关蛋白。【结果】与原始菌株CF4相比,诱变菌株ARTP5高级醇产量降低了20%,有45个胞内蛋白表达量差异2倍以上,通过MALDITOF-MS质谱鉴定出29个,主要包括碳源和能量代谢、胁迫反应过程、蛋白翻译和折叠过程、氨基酸代谢和高级醇代谢等途径的蛋白,其中ARTP5菌株表达上调的支链氨基酸代谢合成途径的ILV5蛋白和表达下调的高级醇合成途径中的ADH1蛋白与诱变菌株ARTP5高级醇降低具有一定相关性。【结论】与高级醇合成具有一定相关性蛋白的发现对于酿酒酵母酒精发酵过程高级醇的合成机制的解析以及白酒酿造过程高级醇产量的控制有重要意义。     

C1n3缺失对酿酒酵母生长的影响

Cln3是酿酒酵母G1期周期蛋白中的一种,为了研究Cln3在细胞周期与形态发生中的作用,我们构建了酿酒酵母CLN3基因的缺失株,并对其表型进行了分析。结果显示,cln3缺失株对α信息素的敏感性增强,α信息素诱导的细胞周期停滞现象明显大于野生型菌株,这种增强作用不受Sgvl因子的影响。同时,与野生菌相比cln3缺失株的细胞形态也有明显变化,双倍体cln3缺失株细胞的顶端生长能力增强而单倍体细胞的侵入生长能力则受到抑制。结果表明,与酿酒酵母的另外两个G1期周期蛋白Clnl、Cln2不同,Cln3在形态发生中有其独特的功能与作用方式。     

松材线虫携带一株荧光假单胞菌分泌毒素的初步研究

本文研究了离体情况下松材线虫携带的致病菌一株荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens GcM5-1A)在LB、NB和PD三种培养基中的毒性, 以及产生的毒素对黑松(Pinus thunbergii)切根苗和悬浮细胞的效应。结果显示, 菌体在LB和NB 培养液的毒性较高, 其中 LB培养液的毒性最高, 且培养液的pH值为7时比pH值为5时毒性高, 而该菌在PD培养基中几乎不产毒。细菌培养液经硫酸铵分级沉淀, 得到了主要含有50 kDa蛋白的蛋白组分, 该蛋白组分对黑松悬浮细胞和切根苗均有较高的毒性, 并能改变黑松悬浮细胞细胞膜的透性, 导致胞内可溶性糖和游离氨基酸外渗。     

松材线虫携带一株荧光假单胞菌分泌毒素的初步研究

本文研究了离体情况下松材线虫携带的致病菌一株荧光假单胞菌（Pseudomonas fluorescens GcM5-1A）在LB、NB和PD三种培养基中的毒性,以及产生的毒素对黑松（Pinus thunbergii）切根苗和悬浮细胞的效应。结果显示,菌体在LB和NB培养液的毒性较高,其中LB培养液的毒性最高,且培养液的pH值为7时比pH值为5时毒性高,而该菌EPD培养基中几乎不产毒。细菌培养液经硫酸铵分级沉淀,得到了主要含有50kDa蛋白的蛋白组分,该蛋白组分对黑松悬浮细胞和切根苗均有较高的毒性,并能改变黑松悬浮细胞细胞膜的透性,导致胞内可溶性糖和游离氨基酸外渗。     

Characterization of gamma-glutamylamidase-glutaminase activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

In a foregoing paper we have shown the presence in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae of an enzyme catalyzing the hydrolysis of L-gamma-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide, but apparently distinct from gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase. The cellular level of this enzyme was not regulated by the nature of the nitrogen source supplied to the yeast cell. Purification was attempted, using ion exchange chromatography on DEAE Sephadex A 50, salt precipitations and successive chromatographies on DEAE Sephadex 6B and Sephadex G 100. The apparent molecular weight of the purified enzyme was 14,800 as determined by gel filtration. As shown by kinetic studies and thin layer chromatography, the enzyme preparation exhibited only hydrolytic activity against gamma-glutamylarylamide and L-glutamine with an optimal pH of about seven. Various gamma-glutamylaminoacids, amides, dipeptides and glutathione were inactive as substrates and no transferase activity was detected. The yeast gamma-glutamylarylamidase was activated by SH protective agents, dithiothreitol and reduced glutathione. Oxidized glutathione, ophtalmic acid and various gamma-glutamylaminoacids inhibited competitively the enzyme. The activity was also inhibited by L-gamma-glutamyl-o-(carboxy)phenylhydrazide and the couple serine-borate, both transition-state analogs of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase. Diazooxonorleucine, reactive analog of glutamine, inactivated the enzyme. The physiological role of yeast gamma-glutamylarylamidase-glutaminase is still undefined but is most probably unrelated to the bulk assimilation of glutamine by yeast cells.     

苹果酸降解相关基因在酿酒酵母中的表达

微生物降酸是现代葡萄酒酿造重要工艺。将裂殖酵母苹果酸通透酶基因(mae1)和苹果酸酶基因(mae2)克隆到酿酒酵母中,构建了苹果酸酒精酵母;将mae1基因和乳酸乳球菌的苹果酸乳酸酶基因(mleS)克隆到酿酒酵母中,构建了苹果酸乳酸酵母。构建的酵母重组子能够有效地分解发酵基质中的苹果酸。     

酿酒酵母工业菌株中XI木糖代谢途径的建立

根据代谢工程原理,采取多拷贝整合策略,利用整合载体pYMIKP,将来自嗜热细菌Thermusthermophilus的木糖异构酶(XI)基因xylA和酿酒酵母(Saccharomycescerevisiae)自身的木酮糖激酶(XK)基因XKS1,插入酿酒酵母工业菌株NAN-27的染色体中,得到工程菌株NAN-114。酶活测定结果显示,NAN-114中XI和XK的活性均高于出发菌株NAN-27,表明外源蛋白在酿酒酵母工业菌株中得到活性表达。对木糖、葡萄糖共发酵摇瓶实验结果表明,工程菌NAN-114消耗木糖4.6g/L,产生乙醇6.9g/L,较出发菌株分别提高了43.8%和9.5%。首次在酿酒酵母工业菌株中建立了XI路径的木糖代谢途径。     

酿酒酵母减数分裂的事件和特异性基因

减数分裂是生物体重要的有性生殖方式,它提供来自母本和父本的基因信息,产生具有生物多样性的子代,使其能够适应环境的变化而不断进化。本文简述了现已阐明的酿酒酵母减数分裂的重要事件如同源染色体配对、联会、基因重组、染色体分裂和特异性基因。在同源染色体配对的过程中现已发现了2条途径,一条由Rad51独立完成,另一条有Dmc1、Hop2、Rad51和Mnd1参与,同时Rad51也可能参与。Red1、Hop1和Zip1是联会复合体的组成成分,而联会也要求其他减数分裂的特异性基因如Hop2的参与。基因重组是减数分裂中最重要的事件,它为子代提供了新的遗传信息,是生物多样性的基础之一。Spo11、Rad52组、Dmc1、Mnd1、Msh4、Msh5、Mek1、Red1和Hop1参与了基因重组。Spo11是发现和研究得最早的启动基因重组的基因之一;Rec8、Spo13和Sgo1参与了染色体分裂的过程。     

Detection of inactive precursors of beta-glucanases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Accumulation and secretion of beta-glucanases have been studied in vivo by using a thermosensitive secretory mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae blocked at the endoplasmic reticulum level (sec 18-1). When incubated at the restrictive temperature no accumulation of active glucanases was observed. Following a shift to permissive conditions in the presence of cycloheximide a rise in the internal activity took place. The increase in total glucanase activity was partially due to the activation of an exo-glucanase that hydrolyzes PNPG. It is concluded that glucanases are synthesized in inactive precursor forms and are converted to the active forms in their secretory pathway.     

Characterization of Aminopeptidase in the Free-living Nematode Panagrellus redivivus: Subcellular Distribution and Possible Role in Neuropeptide Metabolism

Aminopeptidase was detected in homogenates of the free-living nematode Panagrellus redivivus with the aminoacyl substrate L-alanine-4-nitroanilide. Subcellular distribution of activity was 80% soluble and 20% membrane-associated. Aminopeptidases in the two fractions differed in affinity for Ala-4-NA, with Km''s of 0.65 mM (soluble) and 2.90 mM (membrane). Specific activities (units/mg) at pH 7.8, 27°C were 9.10 (soluble) and 14.30 (membrane). Each enzyme was competitively inhibited by amastatin (90% at 100 μM inhibitor, IC₅₀ = 3.7 μM) and inhibited by puromycin (30% at 500 μM) and 1,10-phenanthroline (IC_50''s:; 148 μM, soluble; 89 μM, membrane). Activity was restored by Zn⁺⁺, with maximum recoveries of 50% (soluble) and 90% (membrane), each at 23 μM ZnCl₂. Estimated molecular masses for each were ∼150 kDa. FMRFamide-like neuropeptides behaved as competitive inhibitors. Modification of the N-terminal F of FMRFamide weakened inhibition by 95%, suggesting that the N-terminus is essential for binding to the enzyme. Two nematode FMRFamides, APKPFIRFa and RNKFEFIRFa, were the most potent tested. This is the first biochemical characterization of aminopeptidase in a free-living nematode other than Caenorhabditis elegans and demonstrates the high selectivity of the P. redivivus enzymes for neuropeptide substrates.     

Genetic evidence of a new flocculation suppressor gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Abstract The flocculation character in strain IM1-8b of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is controlled by a single and dominant gene shown to be allelic to FLO1 . Such a gene has been both mitotically and meiotically mapped on the right arm of chromosome I at 4.7 cM from PHO11 . The phenotype was suppressed by a single gene of wide distribution among non-flocculent strains (proposed as fsu3 ) that, however, was unable to suppress other FLO1 genes in other flocculent strains.     

cAMP-dependent phosphoprotein changes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Abstract cAMP-dependent phosphoprotein changes were determined using 1-dimensional SDS-gel electrophoresis in a cAMP-requiring yeast mutant ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae AM18). During cAMP starvation, the yeast cells accumulated 3 ³²P-labeled bands with M _r/ 72000, 54000, and 37000. The M _r/ 72000 protein was the most prominent phosphorylated protein. After the readdition of cAMP, these phosphoproteins lost their ³²P-label while phosphoproteins with M _r/ 76000, 65000, 56000 and 30000 were accumulated. Similar phosphoprotein changes were also detected in cdc35 at the nonpermissive temperature, but not in wildtype (A363A) or cdc7 strains of S. cerevisiae .     

酿酒酵母产油脂条件的优化

微生物细胞通常仅含2%3%油脂,但少数微生物含油脂率却可达70%以上,所以高含油脂量使微生物油脂实际开发成为可能。目前用于生产多不饱和脂肪酸的微生物主要为藻类和真菌。尽管微生物油脂是当前的研究热点,已经引起广大研究者的重视,但目前国内外研究大都集中在含油脂量在干重20%以上的微生物,如浅白色隐性酵母、粘红酵母等,而对于酿酒酵母来说,则很少见到研究其产油脂的相关报道。     

谷胱甘肽S-转移酶Zeta类基因在酿酒酵母中的表达

谷胱甘肽S-转移酶Zeta类基因在酿酒酵母中的表达 贾向东1,陈喜文1,陈德富1,陈洁2 (1.南开大学生命科学学院,生物活性材料教育部重点实验室,天津300071;2.湖南怀化市铁路第一中学,怀化418000) 摘要：谷胱甘肽S-转移酶Zeta类(GSTZ)是一种重要的多功能酶,与细胞生化代谢、环境净化等密切相关。将拟南芥、甘蓝型油菜品系陕2B与垦C1的GSTZ基因克隆到大肠杆菌—酿酒酵母穿梭表达载体pYES2的多克隆位点,筛选到重组子后,提取重组质粒并将其转入酿酒酵母营养缺陷型菌株INCSc1细胞中,经SC-U培养基选择得到重组酵母Y2At、Y2BnB和Y2BnC。重组酵母在含棉子糖和半乳糖的诱导培养基中,表达出了具有二氯乙酸脱氯活力的谷胱甘肽S-转移酶Zeta类,且主要以可溶状态存在于酵母细胞中。不同碳源比较发现,使用半乳糖为唯一碳源时,与棉子糖和半乳糖共同使用相比,酵母生长虽受到轻微影响,但表达的GSTZ比活力几乎不受任何影响。0~96h诱导时间的优化实验表明,36h诱导下呈现最高比活力。同时也对不同GSTZ的Km值进行了比较。