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1.
Callus induction was obtained on Murashige and Skogg agar medium with 45 M 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid under dark at 25°C. Among the four explant types investigated, the best callus induction was obtained from two-week old fronds to which a surgical incision was applied in the basal (meristematic) region. This treatment resulted in 89.11% of fronds producing callus which continued to proliferate for another 24 months. To obtain plant regeneration pieces of calluses were transferred onto Murashige and Skoog agar medium containing 22 M indole-3-acetic acid and 4.6 M kinetin and maintained under 16-h photoperiod (irradiance of 30 mol m–2 s–1) at 23°C. Green fronds formed on all callus pieces. The regenerated fronds were later transferred onto Wang medium where they formed roots. The regenerated Lemna minor L. plants obtained through indirect organogenesis did not differ morphologically from individuals forming the stock collection. 相似文献
2.
Chae Young-Am Hee-Suk Yu Ji-Sook Song Hee-Kyung Chun Sang-Un Park 《Biotechnology letters》2000,22(19):1527-1530
The transformed root culture of Polygonum tinctorium Lour. was established by infecting leaf explants with Agrobacterium rhizogenes A4. These cultures were examined for their growth and indigo content under various culture conditions. Among the four different culture media tested, SH medium showed the highest yield for root growth (28 mg dry wt/30 ml) and indigo production (152 g/dry wt). In SH medium, 30 g sucrose l–1, 2500 mg KNO3 l–1, 300 mg NH4H2PO4 l–1 were the best conditions for indigo production at pH 5.7. The production of indigo in hairy roots slightly increased with the addition of 200 mg chitosan l–1 (186 g/dry wt) and 20 U pectinase l–1 (181 g/dry wt). 相似文献
3.
Rodriguez Maria E. Hozbor Daniela F. Samo Analia L. Ertola Rodolfo Yantorno Osvaldo M. 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》1994,13(5):273-278
Summary The kinetics ofBordetella pertussis growth was studied in a glutamate-limited continuous culture. Growth kinetics corresponded to Monod's model. The saturation constant and maximum specific growth rate were estimated as well as the energetic parameters, theoretical yield of cells and maintenance coefficient. Release of pertussis toxin (PT) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were growth-associated. In addition, they showed a linear relationship between them. Growth rate affected neither outer membrane proteins nor the cell-bound LPS pattern.Nomenclature X
cell concentration (g L–1)
-
specific growth rate (h–1)
- m
maximum specific growth rate (h–1)
- D
dilution rate (h–1)
- S
concentration of growth rate-limiting nutrient (glutamate) (mmol L–1 or g L–1)
- Ks
substrate saturation constant (mol L–1)
- ms
maintenance coefficient (g g–1 h–1)
- Yx/s
theoretical yield of cells from glutamate (g g–1)
- Yx/s
yield of cells from glutamate (g g–1)
- YPT/s
yield of soluble PT from glutamate (mg g–1)
- YKDO/s
yield of cell-free KDO from glutamate (g g–1)
- YPT/x
specific yield of soluble PT (mg g–1)
- YKDO/x
specific yield of cell-free KDO (g g–1)
- qPT
specific soluble PT production rate (mg g–1 h–1)
- qKDO
specific cell-free KDO production rate (g g–1 h–1) 相似文献
4.
The effects of eight microelements (I–, BO3
3–, MoO4
2–, Co2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Zn2+) on the biosynthesis of camptothecin and the growth of suspension cultures of Camptotheca acuminata were studied. The increase of I– to 25 M l–1, Cu2+ to 1 M l–1, Co2+ to 2 M l–1 and MoO4
2– to 10 M l–1 in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium resulted in 1.66, 2.84, 2.53 and 2.04 times higher of camptothecin yield than that in standard MS medium respectively. Combined treatment of I– (25 M l–1), Cu2+ (1 M l–1), Co2+ (2 M l–1) and MoO4
2– (10 M l–1) lead to improve cell dry weight, camptothecin content, and camptothecin yield to 30.56 g l–1, 0.0299%, and 9.15 mg l–1, respectively, which were 20.2, 208.9 and 273.8% increment respectively when compared with those of control. 相似文献
5.
M. T. Boisseau-Lebreuil 《Mycopathologia》1977,61(2):85-91
The 22 strains of Emmonsia Ciferri & Montemartini 1959, inoculated intranasally to laboratory mice are not equally virulent. One month after the inoculation, 15 of the strains had produced adiaspores 120 to 190 m in diameter in the lung. Another strain produced adiaspores measuring 44 m and 2 others measuring 20 m or 10 m. The remaining 4 strains did not develop in the lung tissue. Four thermophilic strains, which in vitro have adiaspores measuring 8 to 15 m, had adiaspores reaching 120–180 m in vivo. Neither budding nor endosporulation could be observed in any adiaspore.
Differents comportements de 22 souches d'Emmonsia Cifferi et Montemartini, 1959, champignon moniliace, dans les poumons de souris de laboratoire, Comparaison avec leur morphologie parasitaire es vitro
Résumé Vingt deux souches d'Emmonsia Ciferri et Montemartini, 1959, inoculées par instillations nasales à des souris de laboratoire, ne présentent pas toutes la même virulence. Un mois après l'inoculation, quinze d'entre elles donnent dans le parenchyme pulmonaire des adiaspores de 120–190 m de diamètre, une souche, des adiaspores de 44 m, une autre, des adiaspores de 20 m et une autre, des adiaspores de 10 m. Les quatre dernières ne se développent pas dans les poumons. Quatre souches thermophiles, donnant in vitro de petites adiaspores de 8–15 m, différencient in vivo des adiaspores de 120–180 m. Aucun phénomène de bourgeonnement ou d'endosporulation n'est observé sur aucune adiaspore.相似文献
6.
A biomass adapted to degrade toluene and xylenes in mixture was grown in a batch reactor with substrates supplied by pulses. The inhibition of biomass growth in the course of substrate degradation was investigated. The maximal biomass concentration of 7 g l–1 was obtained using 150 l of toluene and 15 l of a mixture of xylenes in one litre of liquid medium, and the maximal biomass productivity and yield were 53 mg l–1 h–1 and 0.32 gDW g
s
–1
, respectively. Higher quantities of substrate added by pulses, that is 200 l of toluene with 20 l of xylenes and 300 l of toluene with 30 l of xylenes, caused an accumulation of metabolites. These higher quantities of substrates caused inhibition of microbial growth. Among the metabolites produced, 4-methyl catechol was found in large quantities in the culture medium and in the cells. 相似文献
7.
A glasshouse experiment was conducted to study the effect of Ni on the growth and nutrients concentration in wheat (Triticum aestivum Cv. WH 291) in the presence and absence of applied N as urea. Responses to N application were observed up to 120 g N g–1 soil. No response to Ni was observed in the dry matter yield of wheat tops (leaves + stem) in the absence of applied N while in the presence of applied N, significant yield increases were obtained at 12.5g Ni g–1 soil. Nickel was not toxic to wheat up to 50g Ni g–1 soil in the presence of 120g N g–1 soil. Nitrogen and Ni concentration in wheat tops and roots increased with increasing levels of applied N and Ni, respectively. Applied Ni had an antagonistic effect on N concentration. Similarly, N reduced the Ni concentration in the wheat tissues. Positive growth responses to Ni were associated with 22 and 15g Ni g–1 in wheat tops, in the presence of applied N at 60 and 120g N g–1 soil, while Ni toxicity was associated with 63, 92.5 and 112.5g Ni g–1 in wheat tops, in the absence and presence of applied N at 60 and 120g N g–1 soil, respectively. 相似文献
8.
Francesca Fasolo Richard H. Zimmerman Ingrid Fordham 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1989,16(2):75-87
Leaves taken from micropropagated shoots of several apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars were cultured in vitro on Linsmaier & Skoog (LS) medium or the rice anther culture medium of Chu et al. (N6) containing various concentrations of either benzyladenine (BA) or thidiazuron (TDZ) plus naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Of the TDZ concentrations tested, 10 M was most effective and it was equivalent to, or better than, 22 M BA for both the percentage of leaves regenerating shoots and number of shoots formed per regenerating leaf in almost every experiment. Lower concentrations of NAA (1.1 and 5.4 M) gave best results with both BA and TDZ. N6 medium gave consistently better results than LS. Lowering total salt concentration or total N concentration of LS to that of N6 did not improve the response nor did changing the NO3:NH4 ratio. The 3–4 leaves on the most distal part of the shoot were most responsive and tended to form the most adventitious shoots. Placing the leaf cultures in the dark for the first 2–3 weeks of the culture period produced the best results. Optimum results were obtained by culturing leaves from the distal part of the shoot in the dark for 2 weeks on N6 medium containing 10 M TDZ and 1.1 or 5.4 M NAA, then moving the cultures to 16 h daylight at a photon flux of 60 mol s-1m-2. 相似文献
9.
Optimal protoplast yields from cotyledons (2.0×106 protoplasts/ 0.5 g tissue) and from true leaves (5.0×106 protoplasts/g tissue) of two Cucumis sativus genotypes were obtained following a 16 h digestion with, respectively, 1.25% pectinase+0.5% Cellulysin and 0.5 % pectinase+ 1.0% Cellulysin. Enzyme solutions were prepared in modified MS medium containing half-strength major salts, full complement of minor salts and vitamins, 2% sucrose and 0.25 M mannitol. A plating density of 3.5–4.0× 104 protoplasts/ml or higher was required for sustained division, with first division occurring in 6–7 days, second-third division in 8–9 days, and minicalli formation by day 13. Embedding in 0.4% agarose provided the highest plating efficiency (proportion that formed minicalli) of mesophyll protoplasts, which was 28.3% for genotype 3672 and 15% for genotype 3676. By comparison, liquid culture and droplet culture gave lower plating efficiencies (10–19%). Cotyledon and mesophyll protoplasts of one genotype formed minicalli on MS medium containing 2,4-D/BA at 1.0/2.5 M and 5.0/5.0 M, respectively, within 21 days, while mesophyll protoplasts of the second genotype formed minicalli on MS medium containing NAA/BA at 5.0/5.0 M within 12 days. Shoot buds or somatic embryos were obtained upon subculture of calli to MS medium containing lower concentrations (0.05–0.01 M) of 2,4-D/BA or NAA/BA and a few plantlets, ca.18, were recovered on hormone-free medium.Abbreviations BA
benzyladenine
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- MS
Murashige and Skoog medium
- NAA
naphthaleneacetic acid 相似文献
10.
Primary productivity, biomass and chlorophyll-a of size fractionated phytoplankton (<0.22 m, <3 m, <8 m, <10 m, <40 m, <64 m, <112 m and <200 m) were estimated in 6 ponds and 5 experimental enclosures. The results showed that the planktonic algae less than 10 m are important in the biomass and production of phytoplankton in saline–alkaline ponds. The production of size fractionated phytoplankton corresponding to <112 m, <10 m and <3 m in saline–alkaline ponds were 10.5 ± 6.6 , 8.6 ± 5.4 and 0.33 ± 0.1 mgC l–1 d–1, respectively. Mean community respiration rate was 1.80 ± 0.73, 1.69 ± 0.90 and 1.38 ± 1.12 mgC l–1 d–1, respectively. The average production of phytoplankton corresponding to micro- (10–112 m), nano- (3–10 m) and pico- (<3 m) were 1.61, 8.30 and 0.33 mgC l–1 d–1, respectively. The ratio of those to the total phytoplankton production was 15%, 79% and 3%, respectively. The mean respiration rate of the different size groups was 0.11, 0.31 and 1.38 mgC l–1 d–1; the ratio of those to total respiration of phytoplankton was 6%, 17% and 77%, respectively. The production of size-fractionated phytoplankton corresponding to <200 m, <10 m and <3 m in enclosures was 2.19 ± 1.63, 2.08 ± 1.75 and 0.22 ± 0.08 mgC l–1 d-1, respectively. Mean community respiration rates were 1.25 ± 1.55, 1.17 ± 1.42 and 0.47 ± 0.32 mgC l–1 d–1, respectively. The average production of phytoplankton corresponding to micro- (10–200 m), nano- (3–10 m) and pico- (<3 m) plankton was 0.11, 1.86 and 0.22 mgC l–1 d–1, respectively. The ratio of those to the total production of phytoplankton was 5%, 85% and 10%, respectively. The mean respiration rate of different size groups were 0.08, 0.72 and 0.46 mgC l–1 d–1, the ratio of those to total respiration of phytoplankton was 6%, 57% and 37%, respectively. The concentrations of chlorophyll-a of the phytoplankton in the corresponding size of micro- (10–112 m), nano- (3–10 m) and pico- (<3 m) plankton in the experimental ponds were 19.3, 98.2 and 11. 9 g l–1, respectively. The ratio of those to the total chlorophyll-a was 15%, 76% and 9%, respectively. The concentrations of chlorophyll-a of phytoplankton micro- (10–200 m), nano- (3–10 m) and pico- (<3 m) plankton in enclosures were 1.7, 34.3 and 3.0 g l–1, respectively. The ratio of those to the total chlorophyll-a was 4%, 88% and 8%, respectively. 相似文献
11.
Pesticides and heavy metals in Danish streambed sediment 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The role of streambed sediment as a sink for pesticides and heavy metals was investigated in 30 Danish lowland streams. The investigated streams drain catchments varying in hydrology, topography, soil type and land use. The <250 m newly accumulated fraction of the uppermost 1–2 cm layer of streambed sediment was analysed for 19 old and modern pesticides and 9 heavy metals. DDE was present in the sediment of all the streams. Of the herbicides, fungicides and insecticides currently in use, the most frequently detected was diuron (50.0%), fenpropimorph (66.7%) and lambda-cyhalothrin (6.7%), respectively. The pesticides detected in the highest concentration were fenpropimorph (1700 ng g–1), propiconazole (130 ng g–1) and isoproturon (110 ng g–1). The heavy metals are listed in order of increasing median concentration: Cd (0.80 g g–1), Co (9.1 g g–1), As (12.0 g g–1), Ni (19.0 g g–1), Cr (19.2 g g–1), Pb (19.7 g g–1), Cu (20.1 g g–1), V (28.5 g g–1), Zn (103 g g–1). The average number of pesticides detected in the 27 streams draining predominantly agricultural catchments was (3.7±2.0) being higher (p=0.077) than in the three streams draining non-agricultural catchments (1.7±0.6). Pesticides were significantly related to catchment size, soil type and hydrological regime. Several heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Pb, V and Zn) were related to urban activity and soil type. 相似文献
12.
Robert E. Foley James R. Spotila John P. Giesy Carolyn H. Wall 《Environmental Biology of Fishes》1978,3(4):361-367
Synopsis Arsenic persists in Chautauqua Lake, New York waters 13 years after cessation of herbicide (sodium arsenite) application and continues to cycle within the lake. Arsenic concentrations in lake water ranged from 22.4–114.81 g l–1, = 49.0 ag l–1. Well water samples generally contained less than 10 g l–1 arsenic. Arsenic concentrations in lake water exceeded U.S. Public Health Service recommended maximum concentrations (10 g l–1) and many samples exceeded the maximum permissible limit (50 g l–1). Fish accumulated arsenic from water but did not magnify it. Fish to water arsenic ratios ranged from 0.4–41.6. Black crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus) contained the highest arsenic concentrations (0.14–2.04 g g–1 ), X = 0.7 g g–1) while perch (Perca flavescens), muskellunge (Esox masquinongy) and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) contained the lowest concentrations (0.02–0.13 g g–1). Arsenic concentrations in fish do not appear to pose a health hazard for human consumers. 相似文献
13.
Hairy roots of red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) were cultivated in different types of airlift bioreactors (cone, balloon, bulb, drum and column bioreactors of 5 l capacity and containing 3 l of half strength Murashige & Skoog medium). The cone type of airlift bioreactor gave the highest biomass of hairy roots and betacyanin accumulation. Betacyanin accumulation was 27 mg g–1 dry wt in cultures aerated at 0.3 vvm. Light irradiation of 20 mol m–2 s–1 promoted hairy root growth but optimum betacyanin (34 mg g–1 dry wt) accumulation was with the cultures grown under 60 mol m–2 s–1. 相似文献
14.
Jae-Suk Choi Ji-Young Cho Long-Guo Jin Hyung-Joo Jin Yong-Ki Hong 《Journal of applied phycology》2002,14(2):115-121
In order to maintain axenic seedstock cultures axenically of thecommercially important red seaweed, Porphyra yezoensis, aprocedure was developed for axenic isolation and culture of conchocelis andmonospores. For axenic isolation of the conchocelis, contaminated microalgaewere most effectively removed by filtering contaminated samples through a100-m mesh after sonication. Removal of bacteria and otheralgaewas accomplished using a mixture of 5 agents (0.02% chitosan, 100 gml–1 GeO2, 10 gml–1 ampicillin, 40 gml–1 kanamycin and 200 gml–1 streptomycin). Axenic single colonies wereisolatedfrom a semi-solid medium prepared from 1% transfer gel. After collectingmonospores from the 40–50% density layer on a percoll-gradient, removalofbacteria and fungi from the monospores was accomplished using a mixture of 5antibiotics (3.5 g ml–1 nystatin, 2 mgml–1 ampicillin, 400 gml–1 kanamycin, 50 gml–1 neomycin and 800 gml–1 streptomycin). Axenic single juvenile blades wereisolated from a semi-solid medium prepared from 0.5% transfer gel. 相似文献
15.
Ji-Young Cho Jae-Suk Choi In-Soo Kong Soo-Il Park Russell G. Kerr Yong-Ki Hong 《Journal of applied phycology》2002,14(5):385-390
Isochrysis galbana, one of the most widely usedmarine microalgae in the rearing of finfish and shellfish larvae, is masscultured frequently in outdoor tanks. Under prolonged and repeated culture,severe contamination occurs. Axenic isolation of I.galbanafrom such cultures was best achieved by using a ternary procedure involvingpercoll-gradient centrifugation, treatment with antibiotics, and growth on agarmedium. Protozoa and other algae were removed most effectively by isolation ofI. galbana at the 30–40% density layer on apercoll-gradient. Removal of bacteria was accomplished using a mixture of 5antibiotics (250 g mL–1 ampicillin, 50g mL–1 gentamycin, 100 gmL–1 kanamycin, 500 gmL–1 neomycin, 50 gmL–1 streptomycin). Axenic colonies were isolated fromasolid medium prepared from 1% purified agar. The ternary procedure isconsideredapplicable to the isolation of other axenic single-celled microalgae fromheavily contaminated cultures. 相似文献
16.
Lower concentrations of CuSO4 (25–75 M) in the MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg l–1 IAA+5.0 mg l–1 Kn+500 mg l–1 CH+10 mg l–1 Cyst hyd enhanced the growth of regenerants of Dioscorea bulbifera L. CuSO4 (75 M) induced an appreciable diosgenin yield in the regenerants compared to those obtained on media without Cu. The presence of Cu thus seems to stimulate diosgenin production. The regenerants also differentiated bulbils on lower concentrations of Cu. At CuSO4 (100 M), however, cultures showed poor growth as well as a low diosgenin yield. Increased proline and protein contents were recorded in cultures grown on Cu-enriched media. 相似文献
17.
Nitrification and denitrification rates were estimated simultaneously in soil-floodwater columns of a Crowley silt loam (Typic Albaqualfs) rice soil by an15N isotopic dilution technique. Labeled NO
3
–
was added to the floodwater of soil-water columns, half were treated with urea fertilizer. The (NO
3
–
+NO
2
–
)–N and (NO
3
–
+NO
2
–
)–N concentrations in the floodwater were measured over time and production and reduction rates for NO
3
–
calculated. Nitrate reduction in the urea amended columns averaged 515 mol N m–2h–1 and nitrification averaged 395 mol N m–2h–1 over the 35–153 d incubation. The nitrification rate for 4–19 d sampling period (1,560 mol N m–2h–1) in the urea amended columns was almost 9 times greater than the reduction rate (175 mol N m–2h–1) over the same period. Without the addition of urea the NO
3
–
production rate averaged 32 mol N m–2h–1 and reduction 101 mol N m–2h–1. 相似文献
18.
Kim YH Moody JD Freeman JP Brezna B Engesser KH Cerniglia CE 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2004,31(11):507-516
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) quinone reductase (PQR) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), from the PAH-degrading Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1, were demonstrated to be constitutive enzymes located in the soluble fraction of cell extracts. PQR activities for the reduction of 9,10-phenanthrenequinone and 4,5-pyrene- quinone were 1.40±0.13 and 0.12±0.01 mol min–1 mg-protein–1, respectively. The exogenous catechols alizarin, anthrarobin, 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene and esculetin inhibited PQR activity. Anthrarobin (100 M) and esculetin (100 M) inhibited 4,5-pyrenequinone reduction by 64–92%. COMT was involved in the O-methylation of 1,2-dihydroxyphenanthrene to form 1-methoxy-2-hydroxyphenanthrene and 1,2-dimethoxyphenanthrene. Both pyrene and 1-hydroxypyrene were metabolized by M. vanbaalenii PYR-1 to form 1-methoxypyrene, 1-methoxy-2-hydroxypyrene, 1-hydroxy-2-methoxypyrene and 1,2-dimethoxypyrene. Among the catechols tested, anthrarobin showed the highest COMT activity (1.06±0.04 nmol/30 min–1 mg-protein–1). These results suggest that the PQR and COMT activities of M. vanbaalenii PYR-1 may play an important role in the detoxification of PAH catechols. 相似文献
19.
Summary Biotransformation of benzaldehyde to benzyl alcohol bySaccharomyces cerevisiae immobilized in different support matrices was investigated. Polymers with intrinsic hydrophobic and/or hydrophilic nature as well as mixed hydrophobic and hydrophilic supports were examined both in aqueous and bisphasic aqueous-organic systems. The hydrophobic support material ENTP-2000 or mixed silicone:alginate (50-2550-75) proved to be most suitable not only for nonconventional media but also for conventional aqueous media for production of benzyl alcohol. With ENTP-2000, catalytic activity and maximum yield were 159 mol h–1 g–1 dry weight catalyst and 0.89 mM, respectively, in hexane containing 2% moisture. Corresponding values in aqueous media were 246 mol h–1 g–1 dry weight catalyst and 1.53 mM. With 5050 silicone:alginate, catalytic activity and maximum yield were 177 mol h–1 g–1 dry weight catalyst and 1.18 mM, respectively, in hexane containing 2% moisture. Corresponding values in aqueous media were 192 mol h–1 g–1 dry weight catalyst and 0.8 mM. 相似文献
20.
Carvalho Luisa C. Leonor Osório M. Manuela Chaves M. Amâncio Sara 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2001,67(3):271-280
This study reports the effects of light availability during the acclimatization phase on photosynthetic characteristics of micropropagated plantlets of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) and of a chestnut hybrid (Castanea sativa × C. crenata). The plantlets were acclimatized for 4 weeks (grapevine) or 6 weeks (chestnut), under two irradiance treatments, 150 and 300 mol m–2 s–1 after in vitro phases at 50 mol m–2 s–1. For both treatments and both species, leaves formed during acclimatization (so-called `new leaves') showed higher photosynthetic capacity than the leaves formed in vitro either under heterotrophic or during acclimatization (so-called `persistent leaves'), although lower than leaves of young potted plants (so-called `greenhouse leaves'). In grapevine, unlike chestnut, net photosynthesis and biomass production increased significantly with increased light availability. Several parameters associated with chlorophyll a fluorescence indicated photoinhibition symptoms in chestnut leaves growing at 300 mol m–2 s–1. The results taken as a whole suggest that 300 mol m–2 s–1 is the upper threshold for acclimatization of chestnut although grapevine showed a better response than chestnut to an increase in light. 相似文献