汉族群体23个Y染色体双等位基因标记遗传多态性研究

为了筛选在汉族群体中具有多态性的Y染色体双等位基因标记并获取其群体遗传学数据。采用片段长度差异等位基因特异性PCR和PAGE技术对武汉地区160名男性汉族无关个体的23个Y染色体双等位基因标记（M7,M9,M50,M88,M89,M95,M111,M117,M119,M121,M122,M134,M159,M164,M175,M214,LINE1,MSY2,RPS4Y711,SRY＋465,IMS-JST164520,IMS-JST021354和IMS-JST003305）进行分型。除M50、M159和M164外,其余20个标记在武汉汉族群体中均具有遗传多态性,其基因多样性（GD）范围为0.0126～0.4855,共检出35种不同单体群组合（Hg1～35）,单体群多样性（HD）为0.9471。表明20个Y染色体双等位基因标记组成的单体群具有较高的遗传多样性,在法医学应用和群体进化研究中具有较高的实用价值。     

Y染色体、线粒体DNA多态性与云南宁蒗摩梭人的族源研究

居住于云南宁蒗县泸沽湖畔的摩梭人是中国大陆目前惟一的母系社会群体. 在第一次民族识别中被定为纳西族, 但是大部分摩梭人认为自己与纳西族有本质的区别, 后来通过云南省人民代表大会决议, 称之为“摩梭人”. 将遗传学的方法引入摩梭人的族源研究, 对摩梭人以及居住于云南的纳西族、藏族、白族、彝族和普米族6个群体线粒体DNA第一高变区、Y染色体上的13个SNP和8个STR位点进行了基因分型, 结果显示摩梭人相对缺乏南方民族特异的Y染色体类型, 而mtDNA具有南北双重特征. 主成分分析和分子系统学分析进一步表明, 摩梭人的父系遗传结构与云南藏族最接近, 而母系遗传结构最接近丽江纳西族, 提示其父系和母系基因库具有不同的来源. 摩梭人特殊的母系社会结构可能是导致其母系、父系遗传结构存在明显差异的原因之一. 该结果为摩梭人的族源研究提供了遗传学方面的线索.     

人类Y染色体DNA多态性及其应用

Y染色体的大部分区域为Y特异区,呈严格的父系遗传,因此Y染色体上的DNA多态性在人类进化、法医学等领域具有特殊的应用价值。     

云南18个民族Y染色体双等位基因单倍型频率的主成分分析

世居云南的少数民族中。壮、傣、水、布依、布朗、德昂、佤、彝、白、怒、哈尼、傈僳、拉祜、纳西、景颇、阿昌、基诺和独龙18个民族是由“羌”、“濮”、“越”3大部落群体演化而来,是云南的土著居民。利用PCR-RFLP方法对这18个土著民族进行Y染色体上13个双等位基因位点进行基因分型。结果显示,不同历史族源的民族群体在Y染色体双等位基因单倍型分布上具有一定的差异：在百越后裔民族群体中以单倍型H11、H12为主要分布;在氐羌后裔民族中以单倍型H5、H6和H8为主要分布;在百濮后裔民族群体中主要单倍型分布为H6、H8和H11。进一步主成分分析表明,百越后裔民族群体和氐羌后裔民族在主成分图上聚为两组,提示父系基因库有不同的来源,与历史记载相印证。     

Y染色体的分子结构和多态性研究与应用

人类Y染色体是最小的近端着丝粒染色体,作为男性所特有的染色体,在减数分裂的过程中几乎不与X染色体发生交换重组,故呈现出单倍型遗传,而Y特异区DNA序列的改变构成了人类Y染色体的多态性.其异常通常会导致各种遗传效应.综述了Y染色体的分子结构及其遗传多态性的最新研究和应用.     

中国布依族人的起源及迁移初探 --来自Y染色体和线粒体的线索

为探讨中国布依族人的起源及迁移,采用PCR-RFLP法观察了由13个单核苷酸多态位点（SNPs)组成的Y染色体单倍型在中国布依族人群中的分布,同时用PCR直接测序法对其线粒体DNARegionV区多态进行检测,将结果与我国其他民族及世界各大洲人群进行比较,结果表明中国布依族人的单倍型分布与我国同属侗傣语系的壮族、侗族,黎族及金秀的瑶族最为接近,提示布依族人与上述人群有一定的亲缘关系,并结合文史资料,对中国布依族人的起源及迁移进行了初步探讨。     

中国6个人群中Y染色体15个双等位基因标记变异频率分布及单体群分析

以6个群体（5个民族）342名男性为研究对象,采用等位基因特异性PCR技术对Y染色体上15个双等位基因标记进行基因分型,得到15个标记的变异频率分布并界定了6个群体的单体群。结果显示,在两个汉族人群中M9G的频率相当高（96.20%和96.43%）,为一特征性标志;四川汉族以高M95T（82.14%）为显著特点：回族以M45A（18.57%）的高频率有别于其他5个群体（0%）。进一步对单体群分析表明,4个少数民族群体享有共同的基本单体群,并根据群体间的共有单体群比较推测出4个少数民族间的相对遗传距离,而两个汉族群体中的单体群类型即表现出显著不同。     

云南白族人群Y染色体DYF155S1基因座多态性研究

揭示云南白族136例无关男性个体Y染色体小卫星DYF155S1基因座多态性。用已建立的AmpFLP和MVRPCR方法分析DYF155S1基因座长度多态性、5′端多态性、3′端多态性。DYF155S1基因座具有高度多态性,基因多样性（h）达09996。研究表明将AmpFLP和荧光MVRPCR结合起来更能充分揭示DYF155S1基因座多态性,可为遗传学、人类学及法医学的研究提供有效的工具和基础资料。     

人类 Y 染色体多态性标记及其应用

随着人类基因组计划的迅猛发展,已有越来越多的 Y 染色体多态性遗传标记被发现,它们在探索人类起源、进化和迁移规律等方面,提供了非常有价值的遗传标记,同样在法医学中也有着广阔的应用前景．对 Y-DNA 的多态性及其相关应用的研究进展进行了综述．     

贵州从江侗族Y-DNA及线粒体DNA 序列多态性分析

为分析贵州从江侗族父系及母系遗传结构,探讨其起源及迁徒, 通过聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP), 研究贵州从江侗族无亲缘关系个体由10个单核苷酸位点(SNPs)组成的Y染色体单倍型及11个单核苷酸位点组成的线粒体DNA单倍群频率。结果显示, 从40份男性样本的Y-SNP基因分型中,得到H6 、H11、H14 共3种单倍型;H11的频率为92.5%;通过对线粒体DNA基因分型,得到6种单倍群,有75%的个体能明确分类其所携带的单倍群特征,说明贵州从江侗族父系遗传构成相对简单。通过主成分分析,证明贵州从江侗族与其他的壮侗语族人群相聚,母系遗传结构复杂,无C单倍群分布可能为该民族特征之一。Abstract: To study the patrilineal and matrilineal genetic structure and the origin of Dong Ethnic of Congjiang Guizhou. Study the distribution of Y-chromosome haplotypes which consisted of 10 SNPs of Y-DNA and mtDNA haplogroups consisted of 11 SNPs by using PCR-RFLP method. The result is three haplotypes H6,H11,H14 were detected, the frequency of H11 is 92.5%. Six haplogroups were identified by mtDNA analysis, 75% of the people can be identified. The patrilineal genetic structure of Dong of Guizhou is simple, Principle component indicated that the structure is closer to Zhuang-Dong branch of Sino-Tibetan language family. The matrilineal genetic structure of Dong of Guizhou is complicated.     

The origin of Mosuo people as revealed by mtDNA and Y chromosome variation

The Mosuo, living in the Lugu Lake area in northwest Yunnan Province, China, is the only matriarchal population in China. The Mosuo was officially identified as Naxi nationality although its relationship with Naxi remains controversial. We studied the genetic relationship between the Mosuo and five other ethnic groups currently residing in northwest Yunnan, i.e. Naxi, Tibetan, Bai, Yi and Pumi, by typing the genetic variations in mtDNA HVS1 and 21 Y chromosome markers (13 SNPs & 8 STR markers). We showed that the maternal lineages of the Mosuo bear the strongest resemblance with those found in Naxi while its paternal lineages are more similar to those that are prevalent in Yunnan Tibetan. The marked difference between paternal and maternal lineages may be attributable to the genetic history, matriarchal structure, and visiting marriage.     

The origin of Mosuo people as revealed by mtDNA and Y chromosome variation

The Mosuo, living in the Lugu Lake area in northwest Yunnan Province, China, is the only matriarchal population in China. The Mosuo was officially identified as Naxi nationality although its relationship with Naxi remains controversial. We studied the genetic relationship between the Mosuo and five other ethnic groups currently residing in northwest Yunnan, i.e. Naxi, Tibetan, Bai, Yi and Pumi, by typing the genetic variations in mtDNA HVS1 and 21 Y chromosome markers (13 SNPs & 8 STR markers). We showed that the maternal lineages of the Mosuo bear the strongest resemblance with those found in Naxi while its paternal lineages are more similar to those that are prevalent in Yunnan Tibetan. The marked difference between paternal and maternal lineages may be attributable to the genetic history, matriarchal structure, and visiting marriage.     

应用线粒体DNA D—loop区遗传多样性分析云南4个少数民族的遗传关系

对傣,佤,拉祜和藏族4个群体的99名个体mtDNA非编码区(D-loop)高变区I 16048－16569及I－41的563bp片优进行序列分析,计算了核酸多态度,并用Neighbro-Joining法构建系统进化树,在进化树中,99个mtDNA序列分别聚在4个群中,所有在COII／tRAN^Lys基因间序列存在9bp 缺失的个体均聚在C1如中,C2群由1个佤族个体和4个藏族个体组成,C3群中除2个藏族个体外均为其他3个民族个体,4个群体的大部分个体聚在C4群,根据核酸多态度计算的净遗传距离重建的进化树显示,傣族,佤族和拉祜族的亲缘关系较接近,与藏族距离较远,结果表明遗传距离与他们的地理分布是非常一致的,而拉枯族与相传同为氐羌后裔并有相近语言的藏族遗传距离却较远,这一结果提示这两个民族可能具有不同的起源。     

贵州三都水族Y染色体单倍型频率分析

在92例贵州三都水族个体中,用PCR-RFLP法研究由11个单核苷酸多态位点(SNPs)组成的Y染色体单倍型频率分布,结果显示该人群的Y染色体主要为南方特异的H11和H9单倍型,两者频率高达90.22％。主成分分析结果显示其父系遗传结构与我国黎族、布依族等汉藏语系壮侗语族民族最为接近。通过Y染色体的遗传学观察与历史记载和语言学分类有较好一致性。 Abstract:Non-recombination region of Y-chromosome is a useful marker in tracing evolutionary history of paternal lineage.In the present study,total 92 individuals from Shui ethnic group in Sandu Shui Ethnic Group Autonomous County of Guizhou Province were inspected with 11 SNP sites including M7,M9,M15,M45,M89,M95,M119,M122,M130,M134 and YAP on Y-chromosome.All the subjects were required to be unrelated and without intermarriage with other ethnic groups within three generations.The haplotypes were analyzed by PCR-RFLP method.Four haplotypes H5,H8,H9 and H11 were detected with frequencies of 0.054,0.044,0.315 and 0.587,respectively.Principle component indicated that the paternal lineage of Shui ethnic group is much closer to Li ethnic group of Hainan Province and Bouyei ethnic group of Guizhou Province,which belong to the group of Zhuang-Dong branch of Sino-Tibetan language family.In addition genetic study of Shui coincides with its linguistic distribution.     

Y染色体异常29例分析

本文从1992例遗传咨询病例中收集29例Y染色体异常的病例,其中Y染色体数 目异常(47,XYY)2例;Y染色体结构异常8例:Y/Y易位1例、Yp+3例、de l(Y)3例、嵌合 体dic(Y)1例;Y染色体长度变异19例。对Y染色体这几种异常类型的遗传效应进行分析。 Abstract:Twenty nine cases of Y chromosome abnormalities were found in 1992 patients asking genetic counseling.Different kinds of Y chromosome abnormalitics were detected by G and banding techniques.These were 47,XYY(2 cascs);46,X,del(Y)(3 cascs);46,X,Yp+(3 cases);46,X,t(Y;Y)(1 case);45,X/46,X,dic(Y)(1 case) and length changes of Y chromosome(19 cases).The genetic effects of Y chromosome abnormalities have been analyzed in this report.     

A novel USP9Y polymorphism allowing a rapid and unambiguous classification of Bos taurus Y chromosomes into haplogroups

A new sequence-tagged site (STS) was identified within intron 26 of the bovine USP9Y gene, showing an 81-base pair insertion (g.76439_76440ins81 in sequence with GenBank accession FJ195366) able to distinguish Y2 and Y3 Bos Y haplogroups from Y1. Moreover, four Y3-specific sequence variants allow a distinction from haplogroup Y2. The typing of a Bison bison Y chromosome indicates that the ancestral allele for the USP9Y 81-bp insertion is the short Y1 version. The results from typing the new STS in 1230 cattle Y chromosomes are fully consistent with their classification through standard methods. Thanks to the newly identified STS, it is now possible to assign cattle Y chromosomes to the currently known haplogroups using a single marker.