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1.
雾灵山草地早熟禾多胚囊和多胚的研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
无融合生殖是指未经炷卵事例而产生后代的特殊生殖方式,它可以分为单倍体无融合生殖和二倍体无融合生殖;对于作物意义更大的是二倍体无融合生殖。多胚囊和多胚现象SHI是无融合生殖的表现形式。本文运用石蜡切片法、子房整体透明法研究了雾灵山草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis L.)多胚囊和多胚现象。结果表明,(1)草地早熟禾多胚囊来源有两种:一是自大孢子母细胞,二是来自珠心细胞;(2)草地早熟禾多 来源有  相似文献   

2.
草地早熟禾胚胎学研究 Ⅲ.多胚囊及多胚现象   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7  
报道了草地早熟禾中多胚囊的起源、发育和结构。在1个胚珠中,大孢子母细胞周围可以有一到多个起源于珠心细胞的胚囊原始细胞,并可以发育成为多胚囊,其中具有两个胚囊的可以发育成为成熟胚囊。起源于珠心的体细胞无孢子生殖胚囊的发育属于山柳菊型。两个成熟胚囊中,都可以形成胚和胚乳,因而形成了具假多胚的种子。位于中部的胚来源于珠心还囊,属于无融合生殖形成的胚。两个以上的多胚囊不能形成成熟胚囊。  相似文献   

3.
雾灵山草地早熟禾多胚囊和多胚现象的研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
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4.
草地早熟禾无融合生殖现象的研究   总被引:14,自引:1,他引:14  
本文应用石蜡切片和子房整体染色透明法研究了草地早熟禾(Poa pratensisL.)的无融合生殖现象,结果表明,草地早熟禾的胚胎发育分为两种类型。一种是由孤雌生殖形成胚,即卵细胞分裂较早形成幼胚,少数胚囊中的一个或两个助细胞也分裂较早,同时形成幼胚,但两个极核并不融合,三个反足细胞明显增大。由孤雌生殖形成胚的约占观察总数的66%,其中3%为双胚,仅一个是三胚。在成熟种子中也有两个成熟胚并生的现象。另一种是形成胚和胚乳,约占34%。34%中形成种子有两种可能的途径,一是通过有性生殖形成种子,二是由孤雌生殖形成的胚和极核受精形成的胚乳共同组成的无融合生殖种子。本研究还首次观察到早熟禾完整的双胚囊结构。  相似文献   

5.
咖啡多胚现象与多胚苗形态发育的研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
通过目测筛选出咖啡多胚豆(种子),对其进行离体胚培养获得幼小植株,观察分析了多胚及其幼苗的形态发育特征.结果表明,不同倍性咖啡种质均存在多胚现象,不同材料的双胚率不同(变幅在1.06‰~4.46‰),其中四倍体材料普遍比二倍体的高.多胚豆中胚的形态和着生位置各异.多胚再生植株生长发育特点各不相同,一般大胚再生植株生长发育正常;小胚植株长势弱,出现畸形植株及生长过程中夭亡等现象.同一咖啡豆中远离正常胚位的额外胚可能是由胚囊外的体细胞发育而形成的不定胚.  相似文献   

6.
通过目测筛选出咖啡多胚豆(种子),对其进行离体胚培养获得幼小植株,观察分析了多胚及其幼苗的形态发育特征。结果表明,不同倍性咖啡种质均存在多胚现象,不同材料的双胚率不同(变幅在1.06‰ ~ 4.46‰),其中四倍体材料普遍比二倍体的高。多胚豆中胚的形态和着生位置各异。多胚再生植株生长发育特点各不相同,一般大胚再生植株生长发育正常;小胚植株长势弱,出现畸形植株及生长过程中夭亡等现象。同一咖啡豆中远离正常胚位的额外胚可能是由胚囊外的体细胞发育而形成的不定胚。  相似文献   

7.
对水稻(OryzasativaL.)早发生胚PDER(pre-developedembryoofrice)品系的特点和细胞胚胎学研究表明,PDER是二倍体植物2n=24,约有50%胚囊的卵细胞未经受精能自行发育形成胚,成熟种子的萌发和生长速度较常规正常水稻快。PDER的大孢子母细胞经有丝分裂产生未减数的胚囊,即无融合生殖中的二倍体孢子生殖类型。在胚囊形成和发育过程中有如下几个特点:(1)孢原细胞至大孢子母细胞分裂前的过渡期持续时间较长,孢原细胞和大孢子母细胞的细胞质比周围的珠心细胞质稀淡。(2)大孢子母细胞经二次有丝分裂后形成直线排列的三个细胞(三分体),珠孔端的两个解体,合点端的一个发育为功能细胞,有少数胚囊的三个细胞全部解体形成败育胚囊。(3)功能细胞经三次连续核分裂形成具八核七个细胞的成熟胚囊,它的结构与常规正常水稻基本相同,但助细胞呈长形而没有回抱着卵细胞。  相似文献   

8.
植物无融合生殖是指植物的胚珠组织不经历正常的减数分裂和受精作用,而直接进行胚发育形成种子的无性生殖方式。无融合生殖植物完全继承了母体的全部基因型,因而具有独特研究与育种意义。芸香科柑橘属植物具有独特的多胚现象,其珠心组织能够发育成不定胚(称为珠心胚)进行无融合生殖。文中介绍了柑橘类植物的珠心胚生殖现象、细胞学和遗传学研究进展。珠心胚现象虽然对柑橘杂交后代获得有较大影响,但在生产上可产生性状整齐一致的后代,可以培育无病毒苗木。  相似文献   

9.
为探讨多花地宝兰(Geodorum recurvum)胚胎发育的系统分类学意义,采用石蜡制片法对多花地宝兰胚囊和胚的发育进行解剖学观察。结果表明,在开花前,多花地宝兰胚珠原基发育缓慢,开花授粉后胚珠原基快速发育成\"树状二杈分枝结构\",随后在\"分枝结构\"末端形成孢原细胞,开始胚囊发育。多花地宝兰的胚囊发育属于单孢蓼型胚囊,胚珠具有双层珠被。孢原细胞形成后,经过细胞膨大延长发育形成胚囊母细胞,胚囊母细胞经过减数分裂形成线性四分体,在珠孔端形成1个功能大孢子,功能大孢子经过3次有丝分裂形成8核胚囊。多花地宝兰的胚发育具有藜型和紫苑型两种方式。双受精完成后,多花地宝兰合子进行一次橫裂后形成基细胞和顶细胞;基细胞经过多次分裂形成细胞团,细胞团中的细胞向不同方向膨大延长形成多个胚柄细胞;顶细胞有两种分裂方式,一种是横裂形成藜型胚,一种是纵裂形成紫苑型胚。因此,推测多花地宝兰在兰科植物系统分类学上属于较为原始种。  相似文献   

10.
几种具有无融合生殖特性的植物多胚和多苗现象的观察   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
报道6种具无融合生殖特性的植物种子的胚数和萌发实生苗数的观察结果。金桔、密桔、和花椒具珠心胚,含多胚种子频率分别为97.5%、100%和54.00%,多胚种子的胚数范围分别为2 ̄49、3 ̄54和2 ̄6。草地早熟禾、滨草和湖北海棠具非减数配子体无融合生殖特性,含多胚种子频率依次为43.25%、8.11%和37.50%,前两种的多胚种子中胚数范围为2 ̄3,后为2 ̄15。密桔、草地早熟禾和湖北海棠种子  相似文献   

11.
    
It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.  相似文献   

12.
Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.  相似文献   

13.
    
正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases  相似文献   

14.
15.
    
Han  Zhenzhi  Xiao  Jinbo  Song  Yang  Zhu  Shuangli  Wang  Dongyan  Lu  Huanhuan  Ji  Tianjiao  Yan  Dongmei  Xu  Wenbo  Zhang  Yong 《中国病毒学》2021,36(6):1652-1655
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16.
17.
    
Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.  相似文献   

18.
The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.  相似文献   

19.
    
Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.  相似文献   

20.
肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细  相似文献   

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