The Essential Edmund Leach. Vol. 1: Anthropology and Society; Vol. 2: Culture and Human Nature.

The Essential Edmund Leach. Vol. 1: Anthropology and Society; Vol. 2: Culture and Human Nature. Stephen Hugh-Jones and James Laidlaw. eds. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. 2000. 395 pp. and 420 pp.     

Primate Ecology and Social Structure Vol. 1: Lorises, Lemurs and Tarsiers: Primate Ecology and Social Structure Vol. 2: New World Monkeys: Primate Ecology and Social Structure Vol. 3: Old World Monkeys and Apes

Primate Ecology and Social Structure Vol. 1: Lorises, Lemurs and Tarsiers. Robert W. Sussman. Needham Heights. MA: Pearson Custom Publishing, 1999. 284 pp.
Primate Ecology and Social Structure Vol. 2: New World Monkeys. Robert W. Sussman. Needham Heights. MA: Pearson Custom Publishing, 2000. 207 pp.
Primate Ecology and Social Structure Vol. 3: Old World Monkeys and Apes. Robert W. Sussman. Needham Heights. MA: Pearson Custom Publishing, in press.     

The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas: Vol. 2: Mesoamerica, Part 1.; The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas: Vol. 2: Mesoamerica, Part 2.

The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas: Vol. 2: Mesoamerica, Part 1. Richard E. W. Adams and Murdo J. MacLeod. eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. 571 pp.
The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas: Vol. 2: Mesoamerica, Part 2. Richard E. W. Adams and Murdo J. MacLeod. eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. 455 pp.     

Thermodynamic substantiation of water-bridged collagen structure.

A solution of the problem of topology of a hydrogen bond net in a triple helix of collagen is suggested on the basis of an analysis of thermodynamic data on denaturation of phylogenetically different collagen [T. V. Burjanadze (1982), Vol. 21, pp. 1489-1501; T. V. Burjanadze, E. I. Tiktopulo, and P. L. Privalov (1987), Dokl. Akad. Nauk. USSR, Vol. 293, pp. 720-724] as well as on the earlier evaluation of the energy of the OH group of the 4-hydroxyproline bond [A. R. Ward and P. Mason (1973), Journal of Molecular Biology, Vol. 29, pp. 431-435]. It is shown that only the water-bridged collagen structure [G. N. Ramachandran and R. Chandrasekharan (1968), Biopolymers, Vol. 6, pp. 1649-1661; G. N. Ramachandran, M. Bansal, and R. S. Bhatnagar (1973), Biochimica Biophysica Acta, Vol. 322, pp. 166-171; M. Bansal, C. Ramakrishnan, and G. N. Ramachandran (1975), Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Vol. 82, pp. 152-164] can explain both the change of thermostability upon proline hydroxylation [J. Rosenbloom, M. Harsch, and S. Jimenez (1973), Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Vol. 158, pp. 478-484] and its phylogenetic change [T. V. Burjanadze (1982)].     

Two comments on Fredrik Barth's selected essays,Barth's ‘Empirical Science’: A review article

Selected Essays of Fredrik Earth: Vol. 1.: Process and Form in Social Life. pp. 243. £13.95. Vol. 2.: Features of Person and Society in Swat: Collected Essays on Pathans. pp. 190. £12.95. Routledge and Kegan Paul, London.     

The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas Vol. 3: South America, part 2

The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas: Vol. 3: South America, part 2. Frank Salomon and Stuart B. Schwartz. eds. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999. 976 pp.     

Damaged-bone adaptation under steady homogeneous stress

In this work an extension of the adaptive-elasticity theory is proposed in order to include the contribution of bone microdamage as a stimulus. Some aspects of damaged-bone tissue adaptation, brought about by a change of the daily loading history, are investigated. In particular, under the assumption of a small strain approximation and isothermal conditions, the solution of the remodeling rate equation for steady homogeneous stress is discussed and the damage effect upon the remodeling time constant is shown. The result is both theoretical and numerical, based on a recent theory of internal damaged-bone remodeling (Ramtani, S., and Zidi, M., 1999, "Damaged-Bone Remodeling Theory: Thermodynamical Approach, " Mechanics Research Communications, Vol. 26, pp. 701-708. Ramtani, S., and Zidi, M., 2001, "A Theoretical Model of the Effect of Continum Damage on a Bone Adaption Model," Journal of Biomechanics, Vol. 34, pp. 471-479) and motivated by the works of Cowin, S. C., and Hegedus, D. M., 1976, "Bone Remodeling I: Theory and Adaptive Elasticity," Journal of Elasticity, Vol. 6, pp. 471-479 and Hegedus, D. H., and Cowin, S. C., 1976, "Bone Remodeling II: Small Strain Adaptive Elasticity," Journal of Elasticity, Vol. 6, pp. 337-352.     

Three Approaches to the Study of Language and Gender

Gender across Languages: The Linguistic Representation of Women and Men. Vol. 2. Marlis Hellinger and Hadumod Bußmann eds. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2002. 348 pp.
Gender Identity and Discourse Analysis. Lia Litosseliti and Jane Sunderland eds. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2002. 335 pp.
Talking Gender and Sexuality. Paul McIlvenny. ed. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2002. 327 pp.     

Book reviews

Music in Java. Its history, its theory and its technique. J. Kunst. (Second, revised and enlarged edition translated from the Dutch language by Emile van Loo. Vol. I: XVI + 412 pp. 4°. With tables and musical examples. Vol. II: pp. 413–640, including 165 illustrations on art paper. The Hague 1949. Martinus Nijhoff. Price: Guilders 46.)

The Megalithic Culture of Melanesia. Alphonse Riesenfeld. (736 pp., 3 pls., 8 maps, 26 figs. E. J. Brill. 8°. Leyden 1950.)

Chimu. Eine altindianische Hochkultur. Gerdt Kutscher. (112 pp., 80 pls., 77 text illus. 4°. Verlag Gebr. Mann. Berlin 1950.)     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Trees of Ireland. Native and Naturalized. E. Charles Nelson and Wendy F. Walsh. 256 pp., 30 colour plates.
A man who can speak of plants. Dr Thomas Coulter (1793–1843) of Dundalk in Ireland, Mexico and Alta California. E. Charles Nelson & Alan Probert. 192 pp., 52 figures & photographs and 8 colour plates.
Siebold's Florilegium of Japanese Plants: Florilegium Plantarum Japonicarum Sieboldii. Yojiro Kimura and Valerii I. Grubov (eds.). Vol. 1, 2 parts (Colour plates); Vol. 2 (Articles and Catalogue).     

Book Reviews

Brain Edema. Pathogenesis, Imaging and Therapy. 1990. Advances in Neurology Vol 52. D.M. Long (Ed) Raven Press: New York pp 558

The Discipline of Curiosity: Science in the World Janny Groen, Eefke Smit and Juurd Eijsvoogel, Eds. Elsevier Science Publishers, New York. 156 pp. 1990.     

Book Review

Book reviewed in this article:
AUSTRALIAN WEEVILS. By E. C. Zimmerman. Vol. I: Primitive Weevils, Anthribidae to Attelabidae, pp. 1–741, with appendix, Nemonychidae of Australia, New Guinea and New Caledonia by G. Kuschel, 1994 ISBN 0 643 05145 7. Vol. II: Brentidae, Eurhynchidae, Apionidae, plus Introduction to Immature Stages of Australian Curculionoidea by Brenda M. May     

REVIEW

Book reviews in this article:
"P flanzenphysiologie ," Vol. II., Part 2; pp. 353–986, By Dr. W. P feffer     

Book reviews

Book reviewed in this article: C. G. Johnson : Migration and Dispersal of Insects by Flight, 763 pp. Schimitschek , Erwin. Grundzüge der Waldhygiene. Wege zur ökologischen Regelung. Ein Leitfaden. W. Nijveldt : Gall Midges of Economic Importance. Vol. VIII. Gall Midges – Miscellaneous, 221 pp.     

BOOK REVIEW…

Books Review in this article:
Dawes, Ben, ed. 1977. Advances in Parasitology. Vol. 15. Academic Press, 111 Fifth Ave., New York NY 10003, USA. xx + 409 pp. $36.25.
Kcan, H . H., Mott, I(. E. S: Russell. A. J. eds. 1978. Tropical Medicine and Parasitology. Classic Ii1ccstigation.c. 1'01s. I and 11. Corncll Univ. Press, 124 Roberts PI., Ithaca XY 14850. xxiii + G77 pp. $.50.00.
Reissig, J. L., ed. 1977. Microbial Interactions. Vol. 3 of Receptors and Recognition, Series B. Chapman and Hall, London. + 436 pp. $39.50.
'Taylor, Angela E. R. Sr Muller. R.: eds. 1978. Thc Rclccance of ParaJitology to Human Welfare Today. Symbosiuin .Vo. 16 of the British Society for Pnrasitolo, qy. Blackwell Scientific Puhlications, Osney Mead, Oxford 0 5 2 OEL. England and J. B. Lippincott Co., East Washington Squaw, Philadelphia PA 191 0.5, L viii + 135 pp. $18.75.     

Cover

Lithothamnion glaciale thalli from the west coast of Scotland (photo depth: 6m). Photo credit: Nick Kamenos. [Vol. 51, No. 1, pp. 6–24]     

On the stability of different experimental dimeric structures of the SL1 sequence from the genomic RNA of HIV-1 in solution: a molecular dynamics simulation and electrophoresis study

SL1 is a stem-loop RNA sequence from the genome of HIV-1 thought to be the initiation site for the dimerization of the retroviral genomic RNA. The aim of this study is to check the stability in solution of different experimental dimeric structures available in the literature. Two kinds of dimer have been evidenced: an extended duplex looking like a double helix with two internal bulges and a kissing complex in which the monomers with a stem/loop conformation are linked by intermolecular loop-loop interactions. Two divergent experimental structures of the kissing complex from the Lai isolate are reported in the literature, one obtained from NMR (Mujeeb et al., Nature Structural Biology, 1998, Vol. 5, pp. 432-436) and the other one from x-ray crystallography (Ennifar et al., Nature Structural Biology, 2001, Vol. 8, pp. 1064-1068). A crystallographic structure of the Mal isolate was also reported (Ennifar et al., Nature Structure Biology, 2001, Vol. 8, pp. 1064-1068). Concerning the extended duplex, a NMR structure is available for Lai (Girard et al., Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, 1999, Vol. 16, pp. 1145-1157) and a crystallographic structure for Mal (Ennifar et al., Structure, 1999, Vol. 7, pp. 1439-1449). Using a molecular dynamics technique, all these experimental structures have been simulated in solution with explicit water and counterions. We show that both extended duplex structures are stable. On the contrary, the crystallographic structures of the Lai and Mal kissing complexes are rapidly destabilized in aqueous environment. Finally, the NMR structure of the Lai loop-loop kissing complex remains globally stable over a 20 ns MD simulation, although large rearrangements occur at the level of the stem/loop junctions that are flexible, as shown from free energy calculations. These results are compared to electrophoresis experiments on dimer formation.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA: Observaciones sobre la alfareria de los Médanos de Colón. A ntonio S errano. (Memmorias del Museo de Paraná, No. 6, Paraná, 1933.) Las culturas protohistóricas del Este Argentino y Uruguay. A ntonio S errano. (Memorias del Museo de Paraná, No. 7, Paraná, 1933.) La estructura de los túmulos indígenas prehispánicos del Departamento de Guaieguaychú. H éctor G reslebin. (Apartado de la Revista de la Sociedad "Amigos de la Arqueología," Vol. 5, pp. 1–51, Montevideo, 1931.) Dos vasos indígenas—Hallados en Puerto Basilio. H éctor G reslebin.
NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA: Nueva hipótesis sobre el destino de las placas grabadas de la Patagonia prehistórica. H éctor G reslebin. (Physis, Vol. 9, pp. 223–33, Buenos Aires, 1928). Descripción de dos nuevas placas rectangulares grabadas de Patagonia prehispánica. H éctor G reslebin. (Physis, Vol. 10, pp. 8–16, Buenos Aires, 1930.) Instrumental lítico de Patagonia prehispánica. H éctor G reslebin.
NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA: La antigüedad del hombre en la región de Sayape, Provincia de San Luis, República Argentina ( Nota preliminar ). H éctor G reslebin. (Proceedings, Twenty-third International Congress of Americanists, pp. 305–12, New York, 1930). Las llamadas "botijas" o "tinajas" de la Provincia de San Luis ( República Argentina ). H éctor G reslebin. (Physis, Vol. 9, pp. 46–71, Buenos Aires, 1928.) Los "morteritos" de Cerro Varela. H éctor G reslebin.     

Symmetry and structure of RNA and DNA triple helices

Despite wide interest in nucleic acid triple helices, there has beenno stereochemically satisfactory structure of an RNA triple helixin atomic detail. An RNA triplex structure has previously been proposed based on fiber diffraction and molecular modeling [S. Arnott and P. J. Bond (1973) Nature New Biology, Vol. 244. pp. 99–101; S. Arnott. P. J. Bond. E. Seising, and P. J. C. Smith (1976) Nucleic Acids Research, Vol. 3. pp.2459–2470], but it has nonallowed close contacts at every triplet and is therefore not stereochemically acceptable. We propose here a new modelfor an RNA triple helix in which the three chains have identical backbone conformations and are symmetry related. There are no short contacts. The modeling employs a novel geometrical approach using the linked atom least squares [P. J. C. Smith and S. Arnott (1978) Acta Crystallographica, Vol. A34, pp. 3–11] program and is not based on energy minimization. In general, the method leads to a range of possible structures rather than a unique structure. In the present case, however, the constraints resulting from theintroduction of a third strand limit the possible structures to a very small range of conformation space. This method was used previously to obtain a model for DNA triple helices [G. Raghunathan, H. T. Miles, and V. Sasisekharan (1993) Biochemistry, Vol. 32, pp. 455–462], subsequently confirmed by fiber-type x-ray diffraction of oligomeric crystals [K. Liu. H. T. Miles. K. D. Parris, and V. Sasisekharan (1994) Nature Structural Biology, Vol. 1. pp. 11–12]. The above triple helices have Watson–Crick–Hoogsteen [K. Hoogsteen (1963) Acta Crystallographica, Vol. 16. pp. 907–916] pairing of the three bases. The same modeling method was used to investigate the feasibility of three-dimensional structures based on the three possible alternative hydrogen-bonding schemes: Watson–Crick–reverse Hoogsteen, Donogue [J. Donohue (1953) Proceeding of the national Academy of Science USA, Vol. 39, pp. 470–475] (reverse Watson–Crick)–Hoogsteen, and Donohue–reverse Hoogsteen. We found that none of these can occur in either RNA or DNA helices because they give rise only to structures with prohibitively short contacts between backbone and base atoms in the same chain. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.