生物科学信息1989年第1卷篇名索引

普通生物学 美国国家基金会1989年财政年度计划 美、日空间生命科学发展方向、政策、计划和经费 人体前沿科学计划简介 我国生物学基础研究现状和发展战略 科学研究中的精神文明 美国科学基金会199。年度财政预算 美国国家卫生研究所199。年财政年度预算 日本和美国—世界生物技术两强的发展战略I,关国生物工业面面观 欧洲在生物技术上的新合作 日本和美国—世界生物技术两强的发展战略1.销售战略以及市场分配 国外生物技术下游工程设备市场前景 苏联的生物工艺企业 生物量研究最新进展 东欧的生物技术 美、苏空间生命科学设备研究动态 从…     

生物技术与我国农业发展

从国际农业生物技术的发展趋势,看农业生物技术在现代中国农业发展中的重要地位和作用。分析了我国农业生物技术发展的现状和面临的挑战,提出在日益激烈的国际农业竞争环境中,我国农业生物技术的发展战略和措施 。     

工业生物技术发展现状、问题及对策思考

工业生物技术在推进全球可持续发展中具有重要的地位和作用。结合国际工业生物技术发展现状及趋势,分析了我国工业生物技术的现状和面临的挑战并针对强化我国工业生物技术的发展提出了对策建议。     

加强对基因专利的研究

基因专利是生物技术产业知识产权保护的最主要形式,被认为是生物技术产业发展的金钥匙。谁握有基因专利,谁就将占有生物技术产业发展的空间、占有未来的财富。近几年,随着人类基因组、基因功能研究的迅速进展,极大地激发了投资者的想象空间和对获取基因专利的高涨热情。前几年曾出现了以跑马圈地的方式申报基因专利的高潮,我国也曾有过一次申请上百条基因专利的例子。目前,在美国已授权了2万余个基因或基因相关分子的专利.     

基于文献计量的全球生物技术研究现状与发展趋势分析

采用文献计量分析方法,分析了全球生物技术研究领域的发展现状和趋势及其对中国生物技术研究发展的启示。研究结果表明:2019年我国在生物技术文献发表数量上已位列世界第一,但在生物技术文献的质量、学术影响力以及国际合作能力方面仍与欧美等发达生物技术国家存在一定差距,接着分析了全球生物技术研究的学科组成、各生物技术分支领域的研究交叉现状,最后分析了目前各生物技术细分领域的热点研究主题。针对当前我国面临的生物技术研究发展问题,我国应当注重研究成果质量,促进各学科间交叉融合,加强国际合作交流,顺应未来生物技术发展热点趋势。     

美国生物技术行业投资态势分析

全球生物技术行业发展迅猛 ,美国作为其中的佼佼者 ,在风险投资的推动下 ,在现代生物技术行业融资上取得了成功。分析了美国生物技术行业的融资情况和近年来美国生物技术行业投资趋势 ,结合当前国内生物技术行业融资所面临的问题 ,提出了加快我国生物技术行业发展的建议。     

我国生物技术基地平台建设政策研究

生物技术基地平台是开展生物技术研究、生产和服务的重要基础保障,生物技术基地平台相关政策在指导和推动我国生物技术基地平台建设发展中发挥着重要作用。以近十年来中共中央、国务院以及科技部等政府部门制定的生物技术基地平台政策为研究对象,梳理归纳我国生物技术基地平台政策的价值内涵,探讨建设规律,以期为基地平台的创新发展提供借鉴指导。     

我国生物技术服务外包产业发展浅析

<正>现今,人们对IT、医药技术服务外包已经非常熟悉了,但对生物技术行业的研发外包服务产业尚不太了解,对其的认知可能仅局限于生物技术科研服务。近年来,生物技术服务外包产业发展迅速,目前已有很多生物技术服务公司。而且,我国政府也对其高度重视,先后在上海、北京、广州和无锡等地成立了生物技术服务外包联盟。基于此,我们对我国生物技术服务外包产业的现状及发展对策进行分析,以期助力我国生物技术服务外包产业的健康快速发展。     

推动食品生物技术及产业快速创新发展

<正>食品生物技术,是指生物技术在食品领域中的应用,包括利用传统生物技术进行食品发酵和酿造,以及利用现代生物技术,如基因工程、酶工程、细胞工程、现代发酵工程、组学技术等,进行食品及食品原料的生产、加工和改良。食品生物技术作为一项极富潜力和发展空间的高新技术,以生命科学为基础,以工程技术为手段,在食品工业的现代发展中发挥着重要的推动作用。食品生物技术是一门极具包容性和关联性的综合学科,包括分子生物学、细胞生物学、微生物学、免疫学、     

会议报道

中国(合肥)生物技术与产业发展论坛成功举行我国政府高度重视生物技术与生物产业的发展,在《国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划纲要》、《国家中长期科学技术发展规划纲要》中,都将生物技术列为实现重点跨越的领域。今年4月,国务院办公厅转发了《生物产业发展“十一五”规划》,明确提出了“十一五”期间,我国生物产业的发展思路、总体目标、主要任务和发展重点。在这样的大背景下,中国生物工程学会与安徽省科学技术协会、合肥市人民政府联合举办“中国(合肥)生物技术与产业发展论坛”,在促进和推动我国生物技术的研究与生物产业的发展方面…     

Improving the politics of biotechnological innovations in food security and other sustainable development goals

The unwarranted interference of some environmental non-governmental organisations (ENGOs) in decision-making over genetically modified (GM) crops has prompted calls for politics to be removed from the regulatory governance of these products. However, regulatory systems are inevitably political because their purpose is to decide whether the use of particular products will help or hinder the delivery of public policy objectives. ENGOs are most able to interfere in regulatory decision-making when policy objectives and decision-making criteria are vague, making the process vulnerable to disruption by organisations that have a distinct agenda. Making regulatory decision-making about GM crops and other green biotechnology more resistant to interference therefore requires better politics not the removal of politics. Better politics begins with political leadership making a case for green biotechnology in achieving food security and other sustainable development goals. Such a policy must involve making political choices and cannot be outsourced to science. Other aspects of better politics include regulatory reform to set policy aims and decision-making criteria that encourage innovation as well as control risk, and engagement with civil society that discusses the values behind attitudes to the application of green biotechnology. In short, green biotechnology for sustainable development needs better politics to counter well-organised opposition, to encourage innovation, and to build the trust of civil society for these policies. Removing politics from regulatory governance would be a gift to ENGOs that are opposed to the use of biotechnology.

     

能源生物技术

对生物技术在能源领域的应用包括燃料酒精、生物柴油、生物制氢及微生物采油技术等的国内外现状进行了综述,对其研究的意义和前景进行了分析。     

城市绿地可达性与公平性评价

城市绿地是城市重要的绿色基础设施,是实现城市可持续发展的重要空间保障,具有重要的生态、社会文化功能.20世纪80年代以来,我国一直以城市人均(公共、公园)绿地面积、绿地率、绿化覆盖率等面积比率指标作为核心指标来指导城市绿地建设,缺乏具体引导城市绿地空间分布的指标,较少关注城市绿地服务功能的公平性问题.借助于GIS技术,构建了城市绿地社会功能评价的简明框架,尝试将表征城市绿地空间分布的可达性和公平性指标引入城市绿地的功能评价中,以体现城市建设"以人为本"、"社会公平"的理念,并以上海和青岛为实证,对新构建的系列指标进行了分析与检验.研究结果表明:(1)可达性和公平性系列指标导入城市绿地的功能评价中是可行的,能够有效的表征和测度城市绿地空间布局的合理性程度;(2)可达性和公平性指标使用时需要界定研究区范围、研究尺度,特别是数据精度,以利于研究区的纵向比较和城市间的横向比较.研究结果将丰富我国城市绿地评价的核心指标体系,亦可为城市规划者和建设者合理规划与布局城市绿地提供重要的依据和参考.     

Biological constraints in algal biotechnology

In the past decade, considerable progress has been made in developing the appropriate biotechnology for microalgal mass cultivation aimed at establishing a new agro-industry. This review points out the main biological constraints affecting algal biotechnology outdoors and the requirements for making this biotechnology economically viable. One of them is the availability of a wide variety of algal species and improved strains that favorably respond to varying environmental conditions existing outdoors. It is thus just a matter of time and effort before a new methodology like genetic engineering can and will be applied in this field as well. The study of stress physiology and adaptation of microalgae has also an important application in further development of the biotechnology for mass culturing of microalgae. In outdoor cultures, cells are exposed to severe changes in light and temperature much faster than the time scale required for the cells to acclimate. A better understanding of those parameters and the ability to rapidly monitor those conditions will provide the growers with a better knowledge on how to optimize growth and productivity. Induction of accumulation of high value products is associated with stress conditions. Understanding the physiological response may help in providing a better production system for the desired product and, at a later stage, give an insight of the potential for genetic modification of desired strains. The potential use of microalgae as part of a biological system for bioremediation/detoxification and wastewater treatment is also associated with growing the cells under stress conditions. Important developments in monitoring and feedback control of the culture behavior through application of on-line chlorophyll fluorescence technique are in progress. Understanding the process associated with those unique environmental conditions may help in choosing the right culture conditions as well as selecting strains in order to improve the efficiency of the biological process.     

Biotechnology software in the digital age: are you winning?

There is a digital revolution taking place and biotechnology companies are slow to adapt. Many pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and industrial bio-production companies believe that software must be developed and maintained in-house and that data are more secure on internal servers than on the cloud. In fact, most companies in this space continue to employ large IT and software teams and acquire computational infrastructure in the form of in-house servers. This is due to a fear of the cloud not sufficiently protecting in-house resources and the belief that their software is valuable IP. Over the next decade, the ability to quickly adapt to changing market conditions, with agile software teams, will quickly become a compelling competitive advantage. Biotechnology companies that do not adopt the new regime may lose on key business metrics such as return on invested capital, revenue, profitability, and eventually market share.     

欧盟现代农业生物技术应用热点

农业是现代生物技术最重要的应用领域之一,随着人类对农业生物技术认识的不断深入,相关国家纷纷把农业生物技术作为提高国家农业竞争力的突破口。欧盟作为科技发达国家和比较发达国家的联合体,其科技实力在世界占有显著地位。作者简要分类评述了欧盟在植物养殖、家畜繁殖、鱼类繁殖、饲料添加剂、动物保健、食品诊断等领域的相关技术应用,为我国相关研究提供参考。     

LIFE-CENTERED ETHICS, AND THE HUMAN FUTURE IN SPACE

In the future, human destiny may depend on our ethics. In particular, biotechnology and expansion in space can transform life, raising profound questions. Guidance may be found in Life‐centered ethics, as biotic ethics that value the basic patterns of organic gene/protein life, and as panbiotic ethics that always seek to expand life. These life‐centered principles can be based on scientific insights into the unique place of life in nature, and the biological unity of all life. Belonging to life then implies a human purpose: to safeguard and propagate life. Expansion in space will advance this purpose but will also raise basic questions. Should we expand all life or only intelligent life? Should we aim to create populations of trillions? Should we seed other solar systems? How far can we change but still preserve the human species, and life itself? The future of all life may be in our hands, and it can depend on our guiding ethics whether life will fulfil its full potentials. Given such profound powers, life‐centered ethics can best secure future generations. Our descendants may then understand nature more deeply, and seek to extend life indefinitely. In that future, our human existence can find a cosmic purpose.     

我国水产养殖事业的发展及今后的努力方向

我国水产养殖事业的发展及今后的努力方向曾呈奎（中国科学院海洋研究所青岛２６６０７１）我国水产养殖事业在新中国成立以前,只有个别零星古老的,传统的事业。在养殖海产鱼虾方面北方有几百年来的＂港养对虾和鱼＂,而在南方也有类似的鱼塘。在海藻栽培方面,则有几百年来的福建金门县的礁养海萝及平潭县的礁养紫菜等。这些古老的传统养殖方法虽然产生一些效果,但产量较小。