玉米蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)基因的克隆及表达载体的构建

利用RT-PCR方法从玉米幼苗叶片总RNA中克隆出玉米的蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)基因的全长cDNA片段。该片段与文献报道的序列具有99%的同源性。并分别构建了以双CaMV35S为启动子,以Tnos为终止子的植物双元表达载体PBISPS和以Pcab为启动子,以T35S为终止子的植物表达载体PBSPS,其中PBISPS含有NPTⅡ选择标记基因,PBSPS不含选择标记基因。     

cDNA-AFLP技术及其在基因表达研究中的应用

cDNAAFLP是一种新的研究基因表达的技术,具有重复性好、稳定、可靠的特点,可对生物体转录组进行全面、系统的分析。简单介绍了cDNAAFLP的基本原理和技术特点,并对其在构建转录连锁图、与EST序列的互相转化、基因表达特性研究及分离特异表达基因等方面的应用进行了概述。     

Characterization and ontogenetic expression analysis of the myosin light chains from the fast white muscle of mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi

Three full-length complementary DNA (cDNA) clones were isolated encoding the skeletal myosin light chain 1 (MLC1; 1237 bp), myosin light chain 2 (MLC2; 1206 bp) and myosin light chain 3 (MLC3; 1079 bp) from the fast white muscle cDNA library of mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi. The sequence analysis indicated that MLC1 and MLC3 were not produced from differentially spliced messenger RNAs (mRNA) as reported in birds and rodents but were encoded by different genes. The MLC2 encodes 170 amino acids, which include four EF-hand (helix-loop-helix) structures. The primary structures of the Ca(2+)-binding domain were well conserved among the MLC2s of seven other fish species. The ontogenetic expression analysis by real-time PCR showed that the three light-chain mRNAs were first detected in the gastrula stage, and their expression increased from the tail bud stage to the larval stage. All three MLC mRNAs showed longitudinal expression variation in the fast white muscle of S. chuatsi, especially MLC1 which was highly expressed at the posterior area. Taken together, the study provides a better understanding about the MLC gene structure and their expression pattern in muscle development of S. chuatsi.     

人促红细胞生成素基因组基因和cDNA的克隆及其在COS－7细胞中的表达

利用ＰＣＲ技术,从正常人胎肝染色体ＤＮＡ中克隆到长度为１５７２ｂｐ的人促红细胞生成素（ＥＰＯ）基因组基因片段,它包含除第一个外显子和第一个内含子外所有外显子及内含子。再人工合成１３ｂｐ外显子１的编码区,并与１５７２ｂｐ片段拼接,从而得到除第一个内含子的人促红细胞生成素基因组基因。将克隆得到的ＥＰＯ基因插入载体ｐＳＶ２－ｄｈｆｒ得到ｐＳＶ２－ＥＰＯ表达载体,转染ＣＯＳ－７细胞后获得高效表达。利用自行研制的小鼠抗人ＥＰＯ单抗及兔抗人ＥＰＯ多抗,对表达产物进行ＥＬＩＳＡ定量测定,细胞分泌ＥＰＯ量高达２５１±７Ｕ／ｍｌ．Ｋｒｙｓｔａｌ法测得体外生物活性２４１．５±６．５Ｕ／ｍｌ．用ＥＰＯ单抗免疫沉淀结合ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ对转染细胞的表达产物做了进一步鉴定,清晰地看到了ＥＰＯ条带。从高效表达ＥＰＯ的转染细胞中分离纯化ｍＲＮＡ,用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ方法扩增并克隆到ＥＰＯ的ｃＤＮＡ,这为ＥＰＯ在其它系统中的表达及ＥＰＯ的功能与结构的研究打下了基础。     

马铃薯块茎发育机理及其基因表达

马铃薯（Solanum tuberosum L.)块茎是有块茎马铃薯植物的地下变态器官,它由匍匐茎顶端膨大形成,对于马铃薯块茎形成的生理机制已有许多研究,这些研究表明,块茎发生受许多因素的影响,总体来讲短日 照,较低的温度以及离体条件下培养基较高的蔗糖浓度等有利于块茎形成,同时,块茎形成过程中内源激素亦发生一系列变化,然而,对于块茎形成中相关基因表达,进而调控块茎形成的系统研究目前还较滞后,已有研究显示,块茎形成与膨大涉及到一系列基因的表达与关闭,同时它也与淀粉合成和块茎储藏蛋白基因的表达有关,综述了这一领域现有的研究进展。     

Gene expression profiling and shared promoter motif for cell wall-modifying proteins expressed in soybean cyst nematode-infected roots

We hypothesized that soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines) co-opts part or all of one or more innate developmental process in soybean (Glycine max) to establish its feeding structure, syncytium, in soybean roots. The syncytium is formed within the vascular bundle by partial degradation of cell walls and membranes between adjacent parenchyma cells. A mature syncytium incorporates as many as 200 cells into one large multinucleated cell. Gene expression patterns for several cell wall-modifying proteins were compared in multiple tissues undergoing major shifts in cell wall integrity. These included SCN-colonized roots, root tips where vascular differentiation occurs, flooded roots (aerenchyma), adventitious rooting in hypocotyls, and leaf abscission zones. A search in the 5' upstream promoters of these genes identified a motif (SCNbox1: WGCATGTG) common to several genes that were up-regulated in several different tissues. The polygalacturonase 11 promoters (GmPG11a/b) include the SCNbox1 motif. The expression pattern for GmPG11a was examined further in transgenic soybean containing a PG11a promoter fused to a β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene. GUS expression was highest in cells undergoing radial expansion in the stele and/or cell wall dissolution. GUS staining was not observed in cortical cells where a lateral root tip or a growing nematode emerged through the root cortex.     

大片吸虫成虫cDNA表达文库的构建及其表达序列标签初步分析

为发现潜在的抗大片吸虫病的候选疫苗分子,控制大片形吸虫病,本研究以大片吸虫成虫为材料,应用SMARTTcDNA文库构建技术,构建了以表达载体λTriplEx2为基础的大片吸虫成虫cDNA表达文库。经测定,库容量为1·08×106PFU/ml ,重组率为96·6 %,扩增后的文库滴度为2·41×109PFU/ml ,插入片段平均大小约为1 000 bp;经大肠杆菌BM25·8质粒化后,从文库中随机挑选40个重组克隆测序,获得32条有效ESTs ;经BLASTX和BLASTn程序检索和分析,发现有9条ESTs代表已知基因, 16条ESTs相似性较低或无匹配,列为新基因。9条已知基因代表了半胱氨酸蛋白酶、卵壳蛋白、钙连接蛋白等三类功能蛋白,其余新基因也暗示与信号传导、蛋白合成、免疫刺激等基因相关,具有潜在的研究价值[动物学报51 (5) : 879 -883 , 2005]。     

A bacterial artificial chromosome library for soybean PI 437654 and identification of clones associated with cyst nematode resistance

We have constructed a soybean bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library using the plant introduction (PI) 437654. The library contains 73728 clones stored in 192384-well microtiter plates. A random sampling of 230 BACs indicated an average insert size of 136 kb with a range of 20 to 325 kb, and less than 4% of the clones do not contain inserts. Ninety percent of BAC clones in the library have an average insert size greater than 100 kb. Based on a genome size of 1115 Mb, library coverage is 9 haploid genome equivalents. Screening the BAC library colony filters with cpDNA sequences showed that contamination of the genomic library with chloroplast clones was low (1.85%). Library screening with three genomic RFLP probes linked to soybean cyst nematode (SCN) resistance genes resulted in an average of 18 hits per probe (range 7 to 30). Two separate pools of forward and reverse suppression subtractive cDNAs obtained from SCN-infected and uninfected roots of PI 437654 were hybridized to the BAC library filters. The 488 BACs identified from positive signals were fingerprinted and analyzed using FPC software (version 4.0) resulting in 85 different contigs. Contigs were grouped and analyzed in three categories: (1) contigs of BAC clones which hybridized to forward subtracted cDNAs, (2) contigs of BAC clones which hybridized to reverse subtracted cDNAs, and (3) contigs of BAC clones which hybridized to both forward and reverse subtracted cDNAs. This protocol provides an estimate of the number of genomic regions involved in early resistance response to a pathogenic attack.     

Gene profiling of cattle blastocysts derived from nuclear transfer, in vitro fertilization and in vivo development based on cDNA library

Gene expression analysis of cloned embryos would enable us to better understand the early biological events during preimplantation after NT (nuclear transfer). Routine RT-PCR and Northern-blot were limited because it could not analyze tens of thousands of genes at one time and were impeded by minimum material. Based on the developed RT-PCR methodology, we previously constructed cDNA libraries with equivalent to single embryo from the pooled AI-blastocysts (artificial insemination and in vivo developed blastocysts) of cattle. To identify gene expression profiles in NT- and IVF (in vitro fertilized)-blastocysts, and search for new candidate genes involved during this period, here we created cDNA sources from three types of blastocysts (AI-, IVF- and NT-blastocysts). The expressions of 60 genes previously identified from cDNA library were compared in three types of blastocyst. Results showed that the gene expression profile of NT-blastocysts was more similar to that of AI-blastocysts than that of created from IVF-blastocysts. Several important genes, such as Oct-4 and IFN-ι, only detected in the early embryonic development, were highly expressed in three types of blastocysts and showed no significant difference, it indicated that the donor nuclear undergone efficient reprogramming by the blastocyst stage and gained totipotential after nuclear transfer. The gene expression profiles in three types of blastocysts suggested that nuclear transfer and in vitro culture environments impaired the viability of embryos in different ways.     

Preservation of Gene Expression Ratios Among Multiple Complex cDNAs After PCR Amplification: Application to Differential Gene Expression Studies

Comparative gene expression studies are often limited by low availability of tissue and poor quality of extractable mRNA. Collective PCR amplification of minute quantities of mRNA has great potential for overcoming these limitations. However, there remains significant concern about the effects of amplification on the absolute and relative abundance of individual mRNAs that could complicate subsequent gene expression studies. To address this problem, we systematically compared the relative abundance of many specific mRNAs from complex cDNA preparations (from tissue and cultured cells) both before and after amplification by PCR. Our results demonstrated that, as expected, the absolute abundance of different mRNAs in a cDNA library is altered in an unpredictable manner by PCR amplification. However, we found that the concentration ratios of specific mRNAs among different cDNA preparations were routinely well conserved after PCR amplification. Thus, for the purpose of comparative expression studies for specific mRNAs in two (or more) complex cDNAs, PCR-amplified cDNA is equally useful as unamplified cDNA. These results provide a rigorous experimental validation and offer a theoretical treatment to support the utility of PCR amplified cDNA for differential gene expression studies. We conclude that the inherent difficulties in performing differential screening studies such as gene chip and array analyses on limited amounts of biological materials can be overcome by a PCR amplification step without compromising data quality. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Gene expression patterns in glucose-stimulated podocytes

To explore the mechanisms of podocyte injury under diabetic conditions, we performed an expression profile in glucose-stimulated podocytes. Differential gene expression profiles between conditionally immortalized mouse podocytes cultured in medium containing 5.6 and 30 mM glucose were measured with oligonucleotide microarrays. Of the genes identified, heme oxygenase-1, vascular endothelial growth factor-A, and thrombospondin-1 showed a consistently increased pattern, whereas angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 and peroxisomal proliferator activator receptor-γ were down-regulated. These results were validated using real-time PCR and western blotting in podocytes, and with immunohistochemistry on renal tissues from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Not only is this the first report of gene expression profiling of podocyte injury under diabetic conditions, but the identified genes are promising targets for future diabetes research.