三尖杉外植体来源与培养基成分对愈伤组织生长的影响

为了建立和优化获得有效生物碱成分的三尖杉愈伤组织的培养技术和方法,以大连地区移栽自庐山植物园的三尖杉(Cephalotaxus)植株为原料,就外植体种类、基本培养基种类、激素种类和浓度等因素对愈伤组织诱导、生长的影响进行了系统的研究和归纳。实验发现,幼茎外植体因其出愈率早、诱导率高而最佳;培养基MS NAA3.0mg/L KT0.1mg/L为最佳诱导愈伤培养基,其诱导率达91%,继代培养基中一定浓度的NAA(1.0～3.0mg/L)有利于愈伤组织的产生,但是高浓度的NAA(8.0mg/L)则对愈伤组织的生长有抑制作用,其在MS基础培养基上较在B5和1/2MS培养基上褐化轻,生物量增长快,冬季诱导的愈伤组织,其诱导率普遍高于夏季所诱导的愈伤组织。结果表明,以11月份三尖杉幼茎为外植体,以MS NAA3.0mg/L KT0.1mg/L为诱导培养基和继代培养基,继代6～8代,每代培养30～35d,收获愈伤组织或细胞培养物,该程序是获得大量三尖杉愈伤组织的较佳培养程序。     

丹参愈伤组织的诱导及增殖效应

以丹参(Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge)的幼叶、茎、叶柄为外植体,接种于附加2,4—D、MM、Kr、Zr、6—BA及其组合的hIs固体培养基上,结果发现单独使用四种植物生长调节物质在一定浓度范围均有愈伤组织产生;最佳组合的诱导培养基为MS 2,4—D0．5mg/L 6—BA1．0mg/L。进一步研究发现,在黑暗和光照培养条件下,愈伤组织增殖呈“S”型,且生长周期均为30天。     

培养基及培养条件对杜仲愈伤组织生长及次生代谢产物含量的影响

以MS、LS、B5、N6、H、Nitsch、White、1／2MS为基本培养基,分别添加0．5mg／L NAA和0．5mg／L BA,分析不同类型培养基对杜仲愈伤组织生长及次生代谢产物含量的影响,并以B5培养基进行光照条件、碳源、蔗糖浓度试验。结果表明：B5培养基不仅有利于愈伤组织生长,也有利于总黄酮的形成,而1／2MS培养基有利于绿原酸的积累;12h／d光照对愈伤组织的生长及绿原酸和总黄酮的合成有明显的促进作用,黑暗不影响愈伤组织的生长,但却抑制绿原酸和总黄酮的形成;3种碳源中,愈伤组织的增长量、绿原酸和总黄酮的含量均以蔗糖为碳源时最高,葡萄糖最低;蔗糖浓度在10～50g／L范围内绿原酸的含量随着糖浓度的升高而升高,40g／L时愈伤组织的增长量和总黄酮的含量最高。     

改良MS培养基对水稻成熟胚培养的影响及其细胞组织学观察(简报)

含 5 mg/L Vit B_1,附加 2 mg/L 2,4-D,5mg/L ABA和 300 mg/L LH的MS培养基对水稻成熟胚离体培养的效果明显优于含5mg/L Vit B_1,附加2mg/L 2,4—D和1mg/LKT的MS培养基。从后者诱导产生的愈伤组织多呈白色不透明状,并通过器官(芽)发生途径再生绿苗,而前者培养基上产生的愈伤组织绝大多数为乳白色,表面呈疣状突起,常形成胚状体继而再生绿苗。     

月光花素对彩叶芋愈伤组织细胞生长和分化的影响

在含有NAA0.2mg/L,2.4-D 0.2mg/L的MS基础培养基中添加月光花素培养彩叶芋愈伤组织,结果显示,低浓度的月光花素能促进愈伤组织生长,高浓度则有明显的抑制作用,最适浓度为1.0~2.0mg/L;培养两个月后,添加适宜浓度的月光花素(0.2~2.0mg/L)的培养基能促进体细胞分化和植株再生,而高浓度(10.0mg/L)处理和对照均未能分化出绿苗。表明适宜浓度的月光花素在合适的生长素剂量的协同作用下,对植物愈伤组织细胞的生长和分化有较强的调节作用。     

油樟悬浮培养及次生代谢产物的诱导

以油樟(Cinnamomum longepaniculatum)叶片为外植体在附加6-BA和NAA不同激素浓度组合的MS培养基上筛选质地疏松、生长旺盛的愈伤组织, 分别接种在MS、B5、WPM三种液体培养基中进行细胞悬浮培养, 并检测诱导产生的次生代谢产物。结果表明: 2 mg.L-1 6-BA+ 0.5 mg.L-1 NAA能诱导质地疏松、生长旺盛的愈伤组织, B5基本培养基中细胞长势最好; 愈伤组织在B5+2 mg.L-1 6-BA+ 0.5 mg.L-1 NAA中悬浮培养, 继代2次后形成均一的单细胞; 从油樟悬浮培养物中检测出50%以上的成分是苯甲醇。     

安徽羽叶报春愈伤组织的诱导和培养

为了寻找大批量快速繁殖安徽羽叶报春(Primula merrilliana)的有效办法,笔者以其叶片、叶轴为外植体,用不同浓度生长调节物质进行愈伤组织诱导实验.结果表明:(1)愈伤组织诱导的最适培养基为:MS 2.0mg/L 6 BA 0.5mg/L～1.0mg/L 2,4-D,叶片、叶柄出愈率均达100%.(2)MS培养基加0.1mg/L 2,4～D和1.0mg/L～1.5mg/L TDZ对叶柄的诱导效果较佳,其诱导率达81%,而且在这种生长调节物质浓度下的愈伤组织可直接分化出不定芽.     

绞股蓝组织培养的研究

绞股蓝外植体在不同激素浓度的MS培养基上培养,经过正交试验选择了四种最适培养基配方。形态观察和同工酶测定结果表明,在MS基本培养基中添加NAA(1.0～2.0mg/L)可促进愈伤组织和根的生长;添加6-BA(2.0mg/L)也能诱导愈伤组织,并能分化丛生芽;而在6-BA(1.0mg/L)中加入低浓度的NAA(0.1mg/L)和2,4-D(0.1mg/L),对诱导愈伤组织和丛生芽的分化有增效作用。经染色体观察和试管苗大田试种,未发现遗传性变异。     

苦豆子的组织培养及植株再生的研究

用4种诱导培养基P1(MS+2,4-D0.5mg/L)、P2(MS+6-BA0.1mg/L+NAA0.5mg/L)、P3(MS+6-BA0.5mg/L+NAA0.5mg/L)、P4(MS+NAA1.0mg/L+KT0.5mg/L),3种分化培养基(MS+6-BA1mg/L;MS+6-BA0.5mg/L;MS+6-BA1mg/L+NAA0.2mg/L)和4种生根培养基(MS;MS+IBA1mg/L;MS+IBA1mg/L+IAA0.5mg/L;1/2MS+IAA0.2mg/L)对苦豆子愈伤组织进行诱导和植株再生,研究影响苦豆子组织培养的因素,结果表明愈伤组织的诱导频率主要依靠激素的种类和浓度,培养基中加入0.2～2mg/L的2,4-D有利于苦豆子愈伤组织生长,但使褐化发生时间提前;培养基中加入活性炭对苦豆子愈伤组织褐化有明显的抑制作用;加入IAA对苦豆子根的分化是必需的。     

睡菜离体快繁技术的研究

以睡菜的幼嫩茎段为外植体,接种到附加不同浓度激素配比(6-BA/NAA)的MS培养基,诱导睡菜愈伤组织、芽及根的生长。研究发现,外植体在1.0mg/L 6-BA+0.1mg/L NAA+MS的培养基上培养10d,可观察到浅绿色的愈伤组织。愈伤组织转接到4.0mg/L 6-BA+0.3mg/L NAA+MS培养基上2周左右可生成芽。对带芽的愈伤组织再进行诱导生根进而形成完整再生植株,最适根诱导培养基为0.3mg/L 6-BA+1.0mg/L NAA+MS培养基。该实验采用植物离体快繁技术成功建立了睡菜再生体系,为睡菜种苗规模化奠定了技术基础。     

骨干玉米自交系丹598遗传再生体系的建立

目的:以玉米骨干自交系丹598的幼胚为外植体,诱导愈伤组织建立遗传再生体系。方法:探讨胚龄、培养基种类、2,4-D浓度对愈伤组织诱导的影响。结果:在授粉后16～18 d,2,4-D浓度为2.0 mg/L时诱导最佳;设置N6、NB、改良NB、MS、MB等5种培养基,筛选出改良NB培养基为最佳诱导培养基;分化培养基中添加1 mg/L激动素、0.5 mg/L 6-卞基嘌呤和0.5 mg/L萘乙酸能促进绿苗分化和根系生长。结论:建立了玉米自交系丹598的优良再生体系,为以后的基因转化工作打下了良好基础。     

籼型稻V20B 高效遗传转化体系研究初报

目的:建立籼型杂交稻亲本V20B成熟胚愈伤组织培养的高效遗传转化体系。方法:以V20B的成熟胚作为外植体,研究比较不同培养基、不同生长物质类型及浓度、不同培养条件对愈伤组织诱导、继代、分化的影响。结果:诱导培养基以N6为基本培养基,添加2.5 mg.L-12,4-D和0.2 mg.L-16-BA,光照条件下诱导,成熟胚愈伤组织诱导率达到93.44%;继代培养基以MS为基本培养基,添加2.0 mg.L-12,4-D,黑暗条件下培养;分化培养基以DL为基本培养基,激素配比为2.0 mg.L-1KT、2.0 mg.L-16-BA、0.2mg.L-1NAA、0.2 mg.L-1IAA;采用农杆菌介导法对该体系获得的愈伤组织侵染后能获得的抗性愈伤组织,经PCR检测潮霉素基因转化率为53.89%。结论:建立了适宜于籼型稻V20B的高效组织培养体系。     

The Preliminary Studies on Culture of Unfertilized Ovary of Rice in Vitro

The present paper reports the results of the culture of unfertilized ovaries of rice in vitro. The inducting medium was N6 supplemented with 2 mg/L 2,4-D, 500 mg/L casien hydrolysate and sucrose was 4%. The differentiated medium was N6 supplemented with 2 mg/L Kinetin, 500 mg/L casein hydrolysate and the concentration of the sucrose was 3%. The 4 cultivars and 2 crossed combinations were used as the experimental materials. The experiments were shown the differentiation of the callus occurred amony various cultivars. The induced frequency in the crossed combinations was higher than that in the cultivars. Now 12 green plants and 3 albino plantlets have been obtained. The chromasomes of 11 green plantlets have been examined. Among them, 6 plantlets were haploid (n =12 ) and 5 plantlets were diploid. The embryoids were located in the micropylar end. Some of them possessed the suspensor, similar as zygote embryos. The callus was found from different origin. One of them was originated from haploid tissue derived from the nuclear in the embryo sac. Another was originated from the diploid tissue in the integument or ovary wall. The origin of the callus from the unfertilized ovary was discussed.     

Histo-morphological analysis of rice callus cultures reveals differential regeneration response with varying media combinations

Genetic transformation of most indica rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars is hampered by poor in vitro culture performance and low regeneration potential. Histological study of primary calli can provide substantial information on their regeneration potential and can be used for early grading of calli expected to develop plantlets on regeneration media. The study was aimed to undertake histological analysis of primary calli derived from mature seeds of five indica rice cultivars viz. KSK-133, KS-282, Shaheen Basmati, Super Basmati, and DilRosh in order to assess their regeneration potential on different media combinations supplemented with various hormone concentrations (N6 + 2 mg/L 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; N6 + 2 mg/L 2–4 D + 2 mg/L Benzylaminopurine and MS + 2 mg/L 2,4-D). Calli with regeneration capability were subjected to histological assays by examining toulidine blue stained 5–8 μm thin sections for the presence of meristematic zones exhibiting embryogenic callus features. Based on our observations, formation of embryoids or embryoid-like structures was pronounced in KSK-133 and KS-282 calli. However, DilRosh, Super Basmati and Shaheen Basmati did not show these characteristic features. Three-week-old calli of all rice cultivars were transferred into regeneration medium (MS + 2 mg/L BAP + 1 mg/L Naphthaleneacetic acid). KSK-133 and KS-282 showed the highest regeneration potential (81% and 76%, respectively). These data were supported by histological observations where characteristic embryogenic units (EU) were noticed in these genotypes. These meristematic regions displayed high mitotic activity and stained relatively dark. The embryogenic calli cells were found heavily cytoplasmic with prominent nuclei and were located on the callus surface or inside surrounded by parenchymal cells.

     

ABA、NAA诱导水稻胚性愈伤组织的研究

ABA和NAA联合使用能有效地诱导水稻原生质体再生的愈伤组织向胚性发展。通过液体浅层培养由原生质体得到的愈伤组织,在含ABA和NAA的N_6培养基上培养一段时间,可以诱导原来呈非胚性状态的愈伤组织形成胚性愈伤组织,并在含ZT的N_6分化陪养基上产生绿点。通过对这两种愈伤组织的生化分析,表明二者在游离氨基酸、DNA、RNA、核酸及蛋白质含量等方面,特别是SDS-PAGE谱带存在明显的差异,其细胞的形态与结构也有显著差别,其中经ABA NAA诱导后的愈伤组织其细胞形态与结构特征与来源于种胚的胚性愈伤组织基本类似,所分析的生化指标也大多数相近。结果表明,ABA和NAA联合使用得当,能促进形成胚性愈伤组织。     

佳禾早占成熟种胚高效率组织培养方法的研究（简报）

In order to improve the embryogenic callus induction rate and the regeneration rate of JiaHe-ZaoZhan rice, the influence of different factors were investigated, media with different hormones were used. Induction medium was supplemented with 1.5 mg/L 2,4-D + 3 mg/L NAA + 0.1 mg/L KT + 1 mg/L phytic acid + 20 mg/L PAA. Embryogenic call were treated under the condition of 25 degrees C before transferring to regeneration medium, the regeneration medium contained 0.5 mg/L 6-BA + 3 mg/L NAA + 0.5 mg/L KT + 1 mg/L phytic acid. The experiment results indicated that the hormone treatments had certain effects on the callus induction. Under the optimal medium, culture condition and the hormone treatments, the embryogenic callus induction could reach over 95%, and dry treatment of embryogenic callus had been found to increase the frequency of plant regeneration, significantly the plant regeneration rate could reach over 80%. Transplanted into pots, the young plants grew well. Then a experimental system with stability and high regenerating efficiency has been established for the mature seeds of rice (JiaHe-ZaoZhan).     

Studies on Cell Suspension Culture and Plant Regeneration in Rice

The present paper reports the establishment of rice cell suspension culture system, including callus induction and proliferation, isolation of single cells and small aggregates, cell suspension culture and callus re-formation, as well as regeneration of plantlets. The results have been obtained as follows: 1. The compositions of the different media used for callus induction, callus proliferation, cell suspension and plant regeneration are summarized in Table 1.2. Two kinds of disifectants, mercuric chloride and sodium hypochlorite, were used for surface sterilization of brown rice. The percentage of callus formation and callus yields were much higher when sodium hypochlorite was used (Fig. 3). We suggest that the disinfactant is one of the important factors that affect callus formed at the initial stage has an influence upon subsequent isolation of cells and suspension culture and even plant regeneration. 3. Table 3 shows that addition of yeast extract to the medium improves callus yield greatly and the efficiency of callus formation to a lesser extent. 4. Both medium Ⅱ (modified B5 medium) and N6 medium were suitable for cell suspension culture, but medium II was more effective for cell growth and callus re-formation (Fig. 4 and Table 4). 5. Effect of 2, 4-D on cell growth was tested at the concentration range among 0, 10-6, 10-5, 10-4 to 10-3 M. The results indicated that 10-5 M of 2,4-D was most effective for induction of rice callus. It has also been found that absence of 2,4-D increased callus re-formation in suspension culture, but no plant regeneration was observed. 6. By using 7% sucrose in differentiation medium, for all the three varieties, the plant regeneration frequency was raised up to 3 or 4 times than those of the 3% ones (Table 6). Occurrence of albino plants is often reported as one of the problems in rice anther culture. It is, however, no problem in seed-derived rice cell culture.     

Correlation Between Appearance of Embryogenic Cells and the IAA Levels in Rice Somatic Cell Culture

Changes of endogenous IAA level and IAA action in cultured rice ( Oryza sativa L. ) somatic cells during the period from 7th to 15th day which was the transition from somatic to embryogenic cells were observed. The study was carded out in three experimental systems viz. mature caryopsis and young panicles (2 ~ 5 mm long) of rice cv. "Guangluai 4" under normal osmosis (3% sucrose), mature caryopses from rice cv. "Yanjing 2" or "Guangluai 4" under normal and higher osmosis (5% sucrose or 2.5 % sorbitol). During this period, endogenous IAA contents were greatly increased in young-panicle calli under normal osmosis and mature-caryoptic calli under higher osmosis but decreased in mature-caryoptic calli under normal osmosis. Exogenous IAA could induce the appearance of embryogenic cell from nonembryogenic callus at a lower frequency. And 2,3,5-tri-iodobenzoic acid could increase the frequency of embryogenic cell induction. From these results it could be concluded that accumulation of higher IAA level in the cultured rice cells was essential for induction of embryogenic cell appearance. Since 2,4-D was involved in all induction medium with the same concentration but exerted different effects on embryogenic cell induction, it was suggested that it might act through mediating the endogenous IAA metabolism.     

籼稻明恢63成熟种子愈伤组织的诱导及转基因水稻的抗性检测

利用不含附加营养成分的2,4-D培养基（2mg/L）诱导明恢63的成熟种子,9天预诱导后获得了大量的愈伤组织。利用基因枪辅助的土壤农杆菌转化法将天花粉蛋白（Trichosanthin, TCS）基因转入籼稻明恢63的愈伤组织,并通过再生（含有3mg/L 6-BA, 0.5mg/L ABA和1mg/L NAA的N6培养基）获得了转基因植物。 Southern blot分析和Western blot检测证明外源基因已经插入到T0代明恢63的基因组中并获得了表达。初步研究结果表明,转基因水稻对稻瘟病菌侵染具有抗性。     

Resistance of Maize Calli to Herbicide Basta and Its Relevant Effect by Some Amino Acids

Maize (Zea mays L. ) embryogenic calli were cultured on N6 medium and treated respectively with different concentrations of herbicide Basra and amino acids. The NH4+ concentrations and weight increase of maize calli were measured. Statistical analysis revealed that callus weight increased less when cultured on N6 medium with 4 mg/L of Basta while Nih+ concentration reached its peak when cultured on N6 with 8 mg/L of Basta. Therefore 6 mg/L of Basta was considered as the optional dosage for selection of transgenic calli L-arginine and L-glutamic acid significantly reduced the NH4+ concentration in maize calli while L-proline had little effects on NH4+ concentration even though it enhanced callus weight enormously.