以表位模拟肽为亲和靶标的肉毒毒素受体结合抑制剂的筛选及鉴定

以设计合成的A型肉毒毒素表位模拟肽为亲和靶标,对噬菌体随机肽库进行筛选,寻找能与A型肉毒毒素表位模拟肽特异结合并能拮抗毒素毒性效应的分子,通过ELISA鉴定阳性克隆,并对鉴定的阳性克隆进行特异性分析及DNA测序。氨基酸序列同源性分析发现,针对P4、P5表位模拟肽获得了两条特异的结合序列,并通过动物保护实验在噬菌体展示肽水平对特异结合分子的毒素毒性拮抗效应进行了初步研究,初步证明结合肽对A型肉毒毒素有一定的保护作用。     

噬菌体肽库筛选抗人B7-H4中和抗体的模拟抗原表位及其免疫原性鉴定

目的:用噬菌体呈现随机12肽库筛选能与抗人B7-H4(h B7-H4)中和抗体特异性结合的模拟抗原表位肽,并用其免疫小鼠检测其免疫原性。方法:以抗h B7-H4中和抗体为靶分子,用体外生物淘洗法从噬菌体呈现随机12肽库中筛选与之结合的噬菌体克隆,用竞争性细胞ELISA鉴定阳性噬菌体克隆;化学合成候选多肽,并与钥孔血蓝蛋白或破伤风毒素偶联鉴定多肽的特异性;进一步用融合蛋白免疫小鼠检测其免疫原性和抗血清的补体依赖的细胞杀伤活性(CDC)。结果:经过3轮体外筛选后随机挑取50个阳性噬菌体克隆,其中20个克隆与抗h B7-H4抗体有较强的结合能力,DNA测序得到6组结构相似的肽序列;竞争性ELISA结果显示1号肽噬菌体能与细胞表面的h B7-H4竞争性地结合抗h B7-H4单抗;点杂交结果显示1号肽能特异性结合抗h B7-H4单抗;小鼠免疫实验结果显示1号肽融合蛋白能诱导高滴度的抗h B7-H4抗血清,并且抗血清具有补体依赖的细胞杀伤活性。结论:筛选得到能与抗h B7-H4中和抗体特异性结合的12肽模拟抗原表位序列并且具有免疫原性,为进一步开发h B7-H4相关的多肽疫苗提供了实验依据。     

狂犬病病毒CVS-11核蛋白B细胞线性抗原表位研究

为阐明狂犬病病毒CVS-11核蛋白B细胞线性抗原表位,本研究通过合成肽模拟B细胞线性抗原表位,采用免疫学方法对生物信息学分析获得的狂犬病病毒CVS-11核蛋白潜在B细胞线性抗原表位进行验证。结果显示,狂犬病病毒CVS-11核蛋白355~369、385~400位氨基酸序列合成肽免疫小鼠血清经间接酶联免疫吸附试验(Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测抗多肽抗体效价达到1∶12 800以上;抗多肽抗体在免疫印迹试验(Western blot,WB)中识别变性狂犬病病毒CVS-11核蛋白抗原,在间接荧光抗体试验(Indirect fluorescent antibody,IFA)中识别感染BHK-21细胞的狂犬病病毒CVS-11核蛋白抗原。因此,狂犬病病毒CVS-11核蛋白355~369、385~400位氨基酸序列经证实为B细胞线性抗原表位。     

A型肉毒聚合类毒素的制备及免疫原性研究

通过制备A型肉毒聚合类毒素,研究获得较好的免疫原性和反应原性的方法.通过碳二亚胺法,聚合A型肉毒类毒素,免疫小鼠,用ELISA检测抗体,成功地制备了A型肉毒聚合类毒素,免疫小鼠获得高效价免疫血清,且该免疫血清具有中和活性,研究A型肉毒聚合类毒素抗原的作用机制,获得具有中和活性的保护性抗体,对肉毒毒素中毒的防治具有重要意...     

B型肉毒毒素单克隆抗体的制备及其检测试剂盒的研制

目的 建立B型肉毒毒素(botulinum toxin B, BoNT/B)快速检测方法,研制B型肉毒毒素酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)检测试剂盒。方法 以B型肉毒类毒素为抗原免疫小鼠,用杂交瘤技术获得鼠源单克隆抗体(单抗),体内法扩大制备单抗。间接ELISA测定杂交瘤细胞株分泌单抗的稳定性、腹水效价以及单抗的亚型、理化性质和抗原识别表位。过碘酸钠法对抗原表位差异较大的抗体进行HRP标记,筛选最佳包被抗体和标记抗体,并确定包被抗体包被浓度和标记抗体工作浓度。将其配制成试剂盒,对试剂盒的线性、定量限、准确度和重复性等进行研究。结果 筛选、鉴定8株能稳定分泌B型肉毒毒素特异性单抗的杂交瘤细胞株。8株单抗腹水效价1∶32 000～1∶512 000,重链为IgG类、轻链为κ型,均耐碱、耐热,不耐酸,其中4C11、4D7、7F9和8D2 4株单抗抗原表位差异较大。以4D7为包被抗体、8D2为标记抗体配制试剂盒,B型肉毒毒素滴度在2～32 LD₅₀/mL范围内呈现良好的线性(r=0.996),定量限为0.96 LD₅₀/mL,试剂盒2～8℃有效期为12...     

ZNF185基因抗原表位分析及合成肽免疫避孕效果研究

目的:预测ZNF185基因的抗原表位,并研究相应合成多肽诱导的免疫应答和免疫避孕效应。方法:应用DNA Star软件预测ZNF185蛋白二级结构、亲水性、可塑性、表面可及性与抗原指数。合成携带ZNF185抗原表位的多肽,进行小鼠免疫实验,检测小鼠血清中IgG抗体水平、交配率、妊娠率及每窝产仔数,并观察生殖器官是否发生病变。结果:筛选ZNF185两段氨基酸序列合成多肽,该多肽能够诱导小鼠产生较高的抗体水平,实验组小鼠交配率和妊娠率显著低于对照组,生殖器官并无发生明显的组织病理学变化。结论:ZNF185具有一定的抗生育作用。     

A型肉毒毒素表位多肽免疫和人源噬茵体单链抗体文库的构建

采用表位合成多肽免疫获得编码人源抗体的基因材料,抗体轻重链可变区基因通过剪接重叠延伸(SOE)技术进行组装后,亚克隆入噬菌体粒中构建免疫库。以重组制备的A型肉毒毒素保护性抗原为配体筛选结合子,ELISA鉴定,获得具有较高抗原结合力的噬菌体克隆,进行基因测序和家族定位分析。结果显示,表位合成多肽免疫,成功构建了库容大于10^8的重组抗体库。体外3轮免疫淘筛,筛选到人源A型肉毒抗毒素克隆,基因结构分析表明,其中ScFvB17全长750bp,可编码250个氨基酸残基：VH属于VH4家族,369bp,编码123个氨基酸残基;Vκ属于κ链Ⅱ家族,336bp,编码112个氨基酸残基。基因的同源分析表明,这是一株特异的单链抗体新基因。     

HIV-1辅助蛋白Vpr多肽抗体的制备与鉴定

预测Vpr蛋白的B细胞抗原表位,并利用合成的B细胞表位肽制备Vpr特异性抗体。应用生物信息学技术获得Vpr蛋白共享氨基酸序列并预测其潜在B细胞抗原表位,与载体蛋白血蓝蛋白(KLH)偶联合成多肽并免疫家兔,鉴定及纯化获得的多肽特异性抗体。软件预测显示,Vpr蛋白N端的第3～19位(N)和C端的第82～95位(C)氨基酸序列为潜在B细胞抗原表位;ELISA检测抗血清中多肽特异性抗体的效价都达到1:105以上;Western-Blotting结果显示,无论对HIV-1B亚型还是CRF07_BC重组型的Vpr蛋白,其多肽N抗体和C抗体均能特异性识别;免疫沉淀结果显示,Vpr多肽N和C抗体也能特异性结合未变性的野生型Vpr或GFP-Vpr融合蛋白。利用生物信息学技术能成功预测Vpr蛋白B细胞抗原表位,免疫所获得的抗体具有较好的特异性和应用性。     

鼠源抗B型肉毒毒素Fab抗体库的构建及初步筛选

目的:应用重组噬菌体抗体库技术制备抗B型肉毒毒素Fab抗体。方法:用重组B型肉毒毒素重链C端片段(BoNTB/Hc)免疫BALB/c小鼠,从其脾淋巴细胞扩增免疫球蛋白Fd段和κ链基因,克隆至表达载体pComb3中,并将抗体Fab段表达于噬菌体表面,建立容量为5.96×106cfu的噬菌体抗体库。以BoNTB/Hc为抗原对所建抗体库进行4轮亲和筛选,获得与B型肉毒毒素特异性结合的克隆,并进行序列测定。结果:构建了抗B型肉毒毒素Fab抗体库,筛选出特异性克隆1个。结论:从鼠源噬菌体免疫抗体库中初步获得了特异性抗B型肉毒毒素的Fab抗体。     

B型肉毒毒素重组Hc亚单位疫苗的免疫原性研究

目的:用大肠杆菌表达重组B型肉毒毒素受体结合区Hc抗原(BHc)作为亚单位疫苗,并研究其免疫原性。方法:构建pTIG-Trx-BHc原核表达载体,用大肠杆菌表达并纯化重组BHc抗原;免疫BALB/c小鼠以研究它的免疫原性。结果:大肠杆菌表达并纯化获得了重组BHc抗原,免疫小鼠后能刺激机体产生高效价的抗BHc抗体和保护性免疫反应。该重组BHc亚单位疫苗1μg剂量2次免疫小鼠即可产生对104LD50剂量B型肉毒毒素攻毒的完全保护,血清中和效价可达1.33 IU/m L。结论:大肠杆菌表达的重组BHc抗原具有良好的免疫原性,能够有效地保护小鼠抵抗B型肉毒毒素的攻击,该BHc抗原能够作为亚单位候选疫苗预防B型肉毒毒素中毒。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Time of detection of recessive genes: effects of system of mating and number of examined individuals

Summary Anthers were cultured from two sets of seven lines of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with different cytoplasms, the euplasmic nucleus donors, Siete Cerros 66 and Penjamo 62, as well as their six alloplasmic lines derived from wild relative species of the genera Triticum and Aegilops. Significant cytoplasmic and nuclear effects but no cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction were found for embryogenic anther response, with the best performance of Penjamo 62 in Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm. Plant regeneration was not affected significantly by the cytoplasmic background of the lines cultured. The possible genetic implications of the observed cytoplasmic and nuclear influences on the in vitro haploid induction of wheat are discussed.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.