胸膜肺炎放线杆菌apxIC基因插入失活突变株构建及免疫原性分析

胸膜肺炎放线杆菌是引起猪传染性胸膜肺炎(APP)的呼吸道病原菌,其分泌的Apx毒素是最重要的毒力因子之一。为构建APP突变弱毒菌株,在apxIC基因下游XhoI酶切位点处插入氯霉素抗性基因(Chlr)制备转移载体,通过电转化导入APP血清10型参考菌株(D13039)进行同源重组,筛选获得apxIC基因插入突变菌株D13039C-Chlr。该突变菌株特性鉴定结果表明其溶血活性完全丧失,可正常增殖和分泌ApxI毒素,连续10次传代后基因组中插入的Chlr基因可稳定遗传,利用5个剂量(2×108CFU~2×106CFU)对每组3只小鼠腹腔攻毒结果显示突变菌株毒力较母源菌株降低至少100倍以上,将突变菌株作为弱毒活疫苗经滴鼻途径免疫仔猪后利用APP血清1型(4074)和血清10型(D13039)菌株攻毒进行免疫原性鉴定,结果显示血清1型攻毒后非免疫组4头仔猪全部死亡而免疫组4头中死亡2头,非免疫组肺损伤指数(34.4)显著高于免疫组(17.5),血清10型攻毒后非免疫组肺损伤指数(17.5)也高于免疫组(10.5),同时鼻拭子和肺组织样品的细菌重分离数及PCR检测阳性数非免疫组也明显高于免疫组,表明突变菌株作为弱毒活疫苗对仔猪具有一定的交叉免疫保护力。该突变菌株的构建为鉴定ApxI毒素活性及研制具有交叉保护活性的APP弱毒活疫苗奠定了基础。     

构建胸膜肺炎放线杆菌apxIC基因插入突变株

目的：构建胸膜肺炎放线杆菌（APP）apxIC基因插入突变菌株,以鉴定ApxⅠ毒素的生物学特性。方法：根据apxⅠ核酸序列（U05042）设计1对引物,用于自APP血清10型参考菌株（D13039）基因组DNA中扩增apxIC基因及其上下游约2．8kb的基因片段,经克隆测序后在apxIC基因下游xbI酶切位点处插入约0．9kb的氯霉素（Chl）抗性基因表达盒,构建用于转化的转移载体pUIC-Chl^r,将转移载体DNA经电转化导入APP血清10型参考菌株中进行同源重组,以获得突变菌株。结果：在含有氯霉素的培养基中经筛选获得2株丧失溶血活性的突变菌株（D13039C-Chl^r）;利用PCR和Southern blot对突变菌株鉴定,显示氯霉素抗性基因已被插入细菌基因组中。结论：利用电转化和同源重组技术构建成功APP apxIC基因插入突变菌株,为分析ApxⅠ毒素的生物学特性,进而研制APP基因工程减毒活疫苗奠定了基础。     

猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌毒素apxH基因无药物抗性标记突变株HBC-/GFP+的构建及其生物学特性研究

通过使用枯草芽胞杆菌一个蔗糖敏感sacB基因发展了一种依靠蔗糖的负向筛选系统,这种方法允许没有标记突变的基因进入胸膜肺炎放线杆菌染色体。首先,构建了猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌毒素apxⅡ基因GFP插入失活型的重组质粒pOSAKCG,其中一个表达盒含有氨苄青霉素基因和以外膜蛋白omlA作为启动子表达sacB基因。重组质粒pOSAKCG通过电穿孔转化,它的突变apxⅡCA基因与野生型亲本菌株胸膜肺炎放线杆菌HB03染色体上野生型apxⅡCA基因发生同源交换,两步法筛选获得了apxⅡ基因突变株HBC^-／GFP^ ,PCR和Southern blot对突变株进行初步鉴定,进一步对突变株的一些生物学特性,包括它的溶血活性、免疫原性、生长特性及其对小鼠的安全性进行了研究。结果表明,无药物抗性标记突变株的构建是成功的。该突变株的构建为进一步研究突变株作为载体和疫苗奠定了坚实的基础。     

猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌毒素apxII基因无药物抗性标记突变株HBC-/GFP+的构建及其生物学特性研究

通过使用枯草芽胞杆菌一个蔗糖敏感sacB基因发展了一种依靠蔗糖的负向筛选系统 ,这种方法允许没有标记突变的基因进入胸膜肺炎放线杆菌染色体。首先 ,构建了猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌毒素apxII基因GFP插入失活型的重组质粒pOSAKCG ,其中一个表达盒含有氨苄青霉素基因和以外膜蛋白omlA作为启动子表达sacB基因。重组质粒pOSAKCG通过电穿孔转化 ,它的突变apxIICA基因与野生型亲本菌株胸膜肺炎放线杆菌HB03染色体上野生型apxIICA基因发生同源交换 ,两步法筛选获得了apxII基因突变株HBC^-GFP⁺,PCR和Southernblot对突变株进行初步鉴定 ,进一步对突变株的一些生物学特性 ,包括它的溶血活性、免疫原性、生长特性及其对小鼠的安全性进行了研究。结果表明 ,无药物抗性标记突变株的构建是成功的。该突变株的构建为进一步研究突变株作为载体和疫苗奠定了坚实的基础。     

胸膜肺炎放线杆菌基因分型方法的建立及其临床应用

根据胸膜肺炎放线杆菌各血清型之间外毒素(Apx),外膜脂蛋白(OmlA),转铁蛋白B(TbpB)的基因差异,分别对各血清型进行PCR扩增,得到不同的特异性片段,可区分开生物Ⅰ型13个标准菌株血清型中的8个血清型。临床检测结果与血清学分型一致,将此分型系统用于临床送检的126份肺脏和42份扁桃体的病原学检测,可直接检测出胸膜肺炎放线杆菌感染。此方法还可以将一些尚未定型的菌株进行归类,弥补了血清学方法的不足,为细菌的流行病学调查提供了可靠的技术手段。     

猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌转铁结合蛋白基因（rbp8）分析及建模

为了深入研究猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌（Actinobacillus pleuropneumonie,App）转铁结合蛋白基因（Transferrin BindingProtein8,脚）的生物学特性,采用生物信息学方法,对GenBank中的5株App的TbpB的核酸及其氨基酸序列进行比对,选取其中的中国湖北分离株（JL03）对其分子结构、理化性质及功能域、蛋白质二级和三级结构等重要参数进行了预测和分析,并在三级结构的基础上进行了同源建模。结果表明,不同APP菌株之间核酸序列相似性较大,而氨基酸序列存在较大差异,二级结构以延伸链和随机卷曲为主要构件,其空间结构与脑膜炎双球菌GNAl870蛋白相似性较高,以此为模板成功构建了三维结构分子模型,为TbpB基因功能的深入研究提供了线索和参考依据。     

猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌ApxIIA基因的序列分析及其B细胞表位预测

为了进一步研究猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(Actionobacillus pleuropneumoniae,App)ApxIIA基因的结构和功能,选取GenBank中6株不同App分离株,采用生物信息学方法对其ApxIIA基因及其编码氨基酸序列进行同源性比对,并选择其中AY232288.1菌株(湖北分离株)ApxIIA基因为研究对象,分析该基因所编码蛋白质的理化性质,并对其可能形成的二级结构及B细胞表位进行预测和分析.结果表明,6株不同App分离株ApxIIA基因核苷酸及氨基酸序列同源性分别为65.56﹪和88.42﹪,在AY232288.1菌株ApxIIA蛋白的肽链中,745～751和801～807区段可能是其B细胞表位优势区.本研究首次利用生物信息学方法对ApxIIA基因及其蛋白质结构进行了分析和预测,为ApxIIA基因功能的深入研究及APP多表位疫苗的设计奠定了基础.     

胸膜肺炎放线杆菌萘啶酸抗性菌株的选育和信号标签突变株的构建

胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(APP)是重要的猪呼吸道病原菌,给世界养猪业造成严重的经济损失.信号标签突变(STM)技术是在宿主动物体内鉴定病原菌毒力因子的高通量方法.通过体外传代选育出APP血清1型和3型萘啶酸抗性菌株,再以萘啶酸抗性菌株为受体菌,以携带mini-Tn10的标签质粒(pLOF/TAG1-48)的E.coli CC118 λ pir或S17-1λpir为供体菌,在或不在E.coli DH5α(pRK2073)的辅助下,进行三亲本或两亲本接合,通过抗性筛选、PCR和Southern杂交鉴定转座突变株.结果表明:体外萘啶酸加压传代很容易选育出萘啶酸抗性APP菌株,该抗性的产生与DNA促旋酶A亚基基因gyrA的突变有关.在APP与E. coli接合实验中,两亲本接合比三亲本接合操作更简单,效率也较高;APP不同菌株在接合和转座效率上存在很大差异,血清1型菌株高于血清3型菌株,3型标准菌株高于地方分离株JL03-R.本研究为APP STM突变体库的构建与毒力基因的鉴定奠定了基础.     

表达ApxIA的血清7型胸膜肺炎放线杆菌弱毒菌株的构建及特性分析

猪传染性胸膜肺炎是由胸膜肺炎放线杆菌引起的一种高度接触传染疾病,严重阻碍着全球养猪业的发展,疫苗接种是控制该病的有效措施。为提高胸膜肺炎放线杆菌弱毒疫苗的免疫效力,以及探索胸膜肺炎放线杆菌弱毒疫苗作为呼吸系统病原疫苗载体的可行性,通过穿梭质粒pJFF224-XN将完整的apxIA基因导入apxIIC基因缺失突变株HB04C-中,构建了含有apxIA和apxIIA基因的弱毒疫苗菌株HB04C2(apxIIC-/apxIIA+/apxIA+)。通过对HB04C2的生物学特性分析发现,穿梭质粒可稳定传代,并表达ApxIA,其生长特性未受穿梭质粒的影响。将HB04C2以气管接种方式免疫仔猪,可产生针对ApxIA和ApxIIA的抗体。二免后2周以高致病性的血清1型胸膜肺炎放线杆菌攻毒,该弱毒疫苗可提供良好的免疫保护效果。     

复合PCR鉴定胸膜肺炎放线杆菌方法的建立及初步应用

根据胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae,App)apxIVA毒素基因序列和16SrRNA序列分别设计了一对特异性引物P1P4和一对通用引物S7S10,建立了检测App全部15个血清型的复合PCR方法。对App的15个血清型国际参考株和国内的11个App菌株进行检测,都能得到363bp和692bp的两个扩增片段。而放线杆菌等13株参考菌株只能得到692bp的扩增片段。该方法能将15个血清型的App菌株鉴定到种。检测的灵敏度达9pgDNA1300CFU。用建立的方法检测临床分离的302株可疑菌株,阳性4株,与其它鉴定方法相符。结果表明复合PCR可用于App菌株的鉴定。     

空肠弯曲菌fliD基因突变株的构建及其生物学特性

【目的】研究fliD基因对空肠弯曲菌生物学特性的影响,为阐明该基因的功能和作用机制奠定基础。【方法】利用同源重组技术构建fliD基因的插入失活突变株NCTC11168△fliD,并通过与野生株比较,对fliD突变株生长速率、运动力、黏附力和侵袭力等生物学特性进行研究。【结果】与野生型NCTC11168相比,突变株NCTC11168△fliD的生理生化特性不变;突变株的生长速率无明显变化;MH半固体穿刺实验中,突变株只能在接种处生长,运动力明显减弱;在Caco-2细胞黏附、侵袭实验中,fliD突变株的黏附率和侵袭率分别为164.00±19.49、55.00±6.09,fliD基因失活使得突变株的黏附率和侵袭率显著降低(0P0.01)。【结论】fliD基因是空肠弯曲菌运动能力重要的分子基础,与空肠弯曲菌感染细胞的黏附侵袭作用密切相关,即与空肠弯曲菌的致病性密切相关。     

猪支气管败血波氏杆菌hcp基因缺失株构建及其生物学特性研究

【目的】构建猪支气管败血波氏杆菌(Bordetella bronchiseptica,Bb)Ⅵ型分泌系统(T6SS)溶血素共调节蛋白hcp基因缺失株,并对其基本生物学特性进行初步的研究。【方法】使用自杀性质粒介导同源重组的方法敲除猪支气管败血波氏杆菌QH0814菌株hcp基因,并比较hcp基因缺失前后,菌体对细胞的黏附入侵、小鼠毒力及组织载菌量上的差异。【结果】成功构建支气管败血波氏杆菌hcp基因缺失株QH0814Δhcp,连续传50代且遗传稳定;缺失株与亲本株生长无明显差异;缺失株的黏附能力与亲本株差异不显著,但入侵能力显著降低(P0.05);与亲本株相比,半数致死量提高,同时,缺失株对昆明鼠的感染能力也显著降低(P0.05)。【结论】hcp基因的缺失对支气管败血波氏杆菌增殖无影响,但缺失后其入侵能力和定殖能力显著降低,由此推测hcp基因与支气管败血波氏杆菌的入侵和定殖相关。     

Construction and characterization of a live, attenuated apxIICA inactivation mutant of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae lacking a drug resistance marker

The apxIIC gene of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 7 was inactivated by homologous recombination using a sucrose counter-selectable marker system, resulting in a mutant strain that had no antibiotic resistance marker and expressed an inactivated ApxII toxin. The safety and immunogenicity of the mutant were evaluated in mice. The mutant strain caused no adverse effects in mice at doses up to 2 x 10(9) CFU via the intraperitoneal route while the parental strain induced total mortality at a dose of 2 x 10(7) CFU. Mice vaccinated intraperitoneally with the mutant strain had 100% and 70% protection against homologous (serotype 7) or heterologous (serotype 1, 3) challenge with A. pleuropneumoniae, respectively. The A. pleuropneumoniae mutant strain HB04C- and the counterselection method used in the study show promise in developing effective live vaccines for porcine pleuropneumonia and for other infections diseases of the respiratory system.     

Construction and immunogencity of a DeltaapxIC/DeltaapxIIC double mutant of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovar 1

The apxIC and apxIIC genes of the Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovar 1 strain SLW01, encoding the ApxI- and ApxII-activating proteins, respectively, were deleted successively by a method involving sucrose counterselection. The resulting strain, SLW03, contained no foreign DNA and could secrete unactivated ApxIA and ApxIIA RTX toxins with complete antigenicity. Strain SLW03 was attenuated at least 1000-fold in Balb/C mice and caused no adverse effects in pigs at doses of up to 1 x 10(9) CFU mL(-1). SLW03 was able to induce a significant immune response and provide complete protection from clinical signs upon homologous (serovar 1) and heterologous (serovar 9) challenge of A. pleuropneumoniae. Pigs vaccinated via the intranasal (i.n.) route had significantly higher serum titers and fewer pulmonary lesions than pigs vaccinated via the intramuscular route postchallenge. These results suggest that the mutant strain SLW03 could be used as a candidate live vaccine that can induce reliable cross-serovar protection following i.n. immunization.     

Leukotoxic Activity of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Isolated from Brazilian Periodontal Patients

The leukotoxic activity of 31 Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans isolates from Brazilian periodontal patients [nine from Localized Juvenile Periodontitis (LJP) patients, 22 from patients with AIDS-associated Necrotizing Ulcerative Periodontitis (AIDS/NUP)], and from the reference strain A. actinomycetemcomitans ATCC43718, were analysed for their cytotoxicity on human monocytes. A cytotoxicity inhibitory assay of the isolate P35 and the reference strain ATCC 43718 with sera from ten LJP patients and ten healthy subjects was also performed and leukotoxin reactivity was evaluated with serum from rabbits immune to leukotoxin from A. actinomycetemcomitans ATCC 43718. The cytotoxicity results were not statistically different among groups of A. actinomycetemcomitans isolates from LJP and AIDS/NUP patients, but the individual analysis of each isolate showed two isolates (P24 and P35) from LJP patients with high leukotoxic activity (P<0.05). Also, a high leucotoxic inhibitory effect with LJP patients' sera compared with healthy subjects with sonic extract from isolate P35 (P<0.05) and the reactivity of rabbit antiserum to leukotoxin were observed. Both leukotoxic and non-leukotoxic strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans can be isolated from LJP and AIDS/NUP patients, but A. actinomycetemcomitans with high leukotoxic activity is more frequent in PJL than AIDS/NUP patients. Even though A. actinomycetemcomitans exhibits leukotoxic activity, there is an immune response to the leucotoxin in LJP patients.     

Molecular analysis of the phytochrome deficiency in an aurea mutant of tomato

Summary The au ^w mutant allele of the aurea locus in tomato has previously been shown to cause deficiency for the phytochrome polypeptide (Parks et al. 1987). We have begun to characterize the molecular basis and consequences of this deficiency. Genomic Southern blot analysis indicates that there are at least two and probably more phytochrome polypeptide structural genes in tomato. RNA blot analysis shows that the au ^w mutant contains normal levels of phytochrome mRNA and in vitro translation of au ^w poly(A)⁺ RNA yields a phytochrome apoprotein that is quantitatively and qualitatively indistinguishable on SDS-polyacrylamide gels from that synthesized from wild-type RNA. These results indicate that the phytochrome deficiency in aurea is not the result of lack of expression of phytochrome genes but is more likely due to instability of the phytochrome polypeptide in planta. Possible reasons for such instability are discussed. Analysis of the molecular phenotype of aurea indicates that the phytochrome-mediated increase in the abundance of the mRNA encoding chlorophyll a/b binding protein (cab) is severely restricted in the mutant as compared with wild-type tomato. Thus, the au w strain exhibits defective photoregulation of gene expression consistent with its very reduced level of the phytochrome photoreceptor.     

Substrate and product inhibition kinetics in succinic acid production by Actinobacillus succinogenes

The inhibition of substrate and products on the growth of Actinobacillus succinogenes in fermentation using glucose as the major carbon source was studied. A. succinogenes tolerated up to 143 g/L glucose and cell growth was completely inhibited with glucose concentration over 158 g/L. Significant decrease in succinic acid yield and prolonged lag phase were observed with glucose concentration above 100 g/L. Among the end-products investigated, formate was found to have the most inhibitory effect on succinic acid fermentation. The critical concentrations of acetate, ethanol, formate, pyruvate and succinate were 46, 42, 16, 74, 104 g/L, respectively. A growth kinetic model considering both substrate and product inhibition is proposed, which adequately simulates batch fermentation kinetics using both semi-defined and wheat-derived media. The model accurately describes the inhibitory kinetics caused by both externally added chemicals and the same chemicals produced during fermentation. This paper provides key insights into the improvement of succinic acid production and the modelling of inhibition kinetics.     

金黄色葡萄球菌tst-1基因敲除菌株的构建

抽提金黄色葡萄球菌834菌株的基因组DNA,PCR克隆扩增tst-1及tst-1的上、下游基因,通过将tst-1上、下游基因分别重组到载体质粒pAULA中,形成同源重组质粒pAULA Δtst-1,将pAULA-Δtst-1电转入细菌内,进行同源重组,以PCR、Western blot鉴定tst-1基因敲除菌株无tst-1基因片段,且无TSST-1蛋白表达,表明已成功构建金黄色葡萄球菌tst-1基因的敲除菌株。