Physicochemical properties of Nebraska calf diarrhea virus hemagglutinin.

Highly purified Nebraska calf diarrhea virus (NCDV) was prepared by cesium chloride density gradient centrifugation. The effect of temperature, pH, different concentrations of formaldehyde, chloroform, ether, ethyl alcohol, and methyl alcohol on NCDV hemagglutinin and virus morphology was studied. NCDV hemagglutinin was inactivated by temperature, pH 2.0, chloroform, ethyl alcohol, and methyl alcohol.     

茶叶中氨基酸的提取方法研究

比较了沸水、0.1 mol·L-1盐酸、甲醇、无水乙醇、85％乙醇、60％乙醇等不同溶剂提取茶叶中氨基酸的效果,结果以60％乙醇超声波法提取60 min最好;比较了用6 mol·L-1盐酸采用电磁水解法和超声波法提取茶叶中氨基酸的效果,电磁水解法优于超声波法,但电磁水解法对含硫氨基酸破坏较大.     

不锈钢和氧化钛薄膜刺激内皮细胞释放NO和MCP-1的研究

目的:探讨不锈钢和氧化钛(Ti-O)薄膜对内皮细胞释放细胞因子的影响,评价生物材料表面的内皮细胞的功能.方法:用非平衡磁控溅射的方法制备Ti-O薄膜,提取人脐静脉内皮细胞(mrVEC)并种植到材料表面进行培养.第1、3、5天提取培养上清液,用NO检测试剂盒和酶联免疫吸附实验的方法进行一氧化氮(NO)和单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 1,MCP-1)的检测,采用环境扫描电子显微镜(SEM)进行细胞形态观察.结果:内皮细胞在Ti-O薄膜表面上生长形态保持较好,其培养上清液NO和MCP-1因子释放量都要略小于不锈钢表面的.结论:Ti-O薄膜具有较好的促进内皮化和组织相容性,有望成为血管支架的新型生物材料.     

华重楼内生菌SS02的分离与抗菌活性的初步研究

从华重楼（Paris polyphylla var．Chinensis Franch）的地下块茎中分离到一株内生细菌（SS02）,试验表明其发酵液对13种作物致病菌的生长有抑制作用。形态和生理生化特征表明SS02属于芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus sp．）细菌。扩增、测序得到SS02的部分16SrDNA序列,GenBank接收号AY842144。用Blastn调出与菌株16SrDNA同源的序列,用Clustalw进行多重序列对比,用Phylip按Neighbor—Joining法构建16SrDNA系统发育树。菌株SS02与Paenibacillus daejeonensis处于同一分支,相似性为97．7％,将其鉴定为Paenibacillus daejeonensisSS02。     

The formation and repair of single-strand breaks in DNA of cultured mammalian cells treated with UV-light, methylating agents or 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide.

The technique of sedimentation in alkaline sucrose was used to examine the formation and repair of single-strand (SS) breaks in cultured mammalian cells that were treated with methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), methyl nitrosourea (MNUA), 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) or UV-light. The SS breaks induced by MMS and 4NQO were largely repaired by HeLa cells during a 5-h post-treatment incubation. The SS breaks induced by MNUA and UV-light were not repaired by HeLa cells. L-cells were not able to repair the SS breaks induced by any of the agents, which correlates with the deficiency of these cells for repair synthesis of DNA. The following conclusions are discussed. MNUA and UV-light produce modifications in DNA which are not repaired but are translated into SS breaks in alkali. MMS produces SS breaks intracellularly but these are not derived from a simple depurination of methylated purines. 4NQO produces a modification in DNA which is translated into an SS break in alkali but which can be removed by an intracellular process.     

产甾体皂甙华重楼内生菌的筛选与鉴定

从华重楼(Paris polyphyllavar.chinensisFranch)的地下块茎中分离筛选得到2株可能产生甾体皂甙的内生菌(SS01和SS02),薄层层析检测菌株SS01、SS02的发酵产物分别有3条和2条层析带与重楼总皂甙的层析带迁移率相当。形态和生理生化特征初步表明SS01和SS02分属于肠杆菌科(Enterobacteriaceae)和芽孢杆菌属(Bacillussp.)细菌。扩增、测序得到SS01和SS02的部分16S rDNA序列,GenBank接收号分别为AY842143和AY842144。用Blastn调出与菌株16SrDNA同源的序列,用Clustal W进行多重序列对比,用软件Phylip按Neighbor-Joining方法构建16SrDNA系统发育树。菌株SS01和SS02分别与Cedecea davisae DSM4568、Paenibacillus daejeonensis处于同一分支,相似性分别为98.9%和97.7%,将它们鉴定为Cedecea davisae SS01和Paenibacillus daejeonensis SS02。     

Adrenocortical function in mice selectively bred for different sensitivity to ethanol

The adrenocortical response to ethanol, histamine and electric shock was studied in the Short-Sleep (SS) and Long-Sleep (LS) mice. The plasma corticosterone levels measured at 60 min following ethanol injection were consistently higher in LS mice (males and females) than in SS mice. The corticosterone levels determined 60 min after histamine injection (50 mg/kg) or electric foot shock were not statistically different in these two lines of mice. The initial rise of the corticosteroid after ethanol injection was identical in SS and LS mice, whereas the costicosteroid response to mild stress of saline injection was different: SS mice showed higher levels of corticosterone than LS mice at 20 and 30 min after the injection. Corticosterone increment attributable to alcohol stress clearly seemed greater in LS than in SS mice, even though the adrenals of the SS mice were 20–30% heavier than those of LS. The possible significance of these endocrine differences with respect to sensitivity to ethanol and behavioral arousal level was discussed.     

Change of granular and molecular structures of waxy maize and potato starches after treated in alcohols with or without hydrochloric acid

Starches from waxy maize and potato were treated in methanol and 2-propanol either with or without 0.36% hydrochloric acid at 65 °C for 1 h. The granule morphology, molecular structure and pasting properties of the starches were determined and the effects of treatments on the granule and molecular structures of starch were investigated. Starch treated in alcohols without acid showed loss of native order through the hilum of granules, and no obvious molecular degradation was found. However, acid–alcohol treated starch showed many cracks inside granules, and both waxy maize and potato starches showed obvious molecular degradation after treated. Furthermore, the amylose chains and long chains of amylopectin of starch were more easily degraded with acid–alcohol treatment. The pasting viscosity of acid–alcohol treated starches were also obviously less than that of their counterpart native starch and starch after alcohol treatment. The extent of degradation of molecules and the decrease of pasting viscosity on potato starch after acid–alcohol treated were more obvious than that of waxy maize starch. The result indicates that the degradation preferentially occur in the amorphous region when starch treated by acid–alcohol, and the degradation of starch molecules enhances the amorphous excretion and the occurrence of cracks inside the granules.     

Preparative purification of homogenous steroid-active isozyme of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase by affinity chromatography on an immobilized AMP-analog.

The homogeneous steroid-active isozyme, SS, of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase was purified preparatively from a horse liver crude extract by affinity chromatography on N⁶-(6-aminohexyl)-AMP-substituted Sepharose after a batch-wise prepurification on CM-cellulose. The enzyme obtained showed only one band on agarose-gel electrophoresis and on dodecyl sulphate-gel electrophoresis; the yield was about 30 mg SS isolated from 260 g horse liver.     

大豆灰斑病菌毒素的分离与提取*

用不同极性的有机溶剂均未萃取到具有致病组分的化合物。但用甲醇、乙醇、丙醇和硫酸铵等两种沉淀大分子物质的方法,却提取到了使大豆叶片产生典型病斑和致萎的化合物。该粗提物能引起大豆感病品种产生典型的蛙眼形病斑,由此可以肯定从培养滤液中提取的粗提物含有大豆灰斑病菌所产生的毒素。以二倍体积的甲醇来提取大豆灰斑病菌毒素是最为简单、快速的方法。     

Reliability of Ethyl Alcohol Substitutes in Preparing Routine Hospital Bacteriological Stains

Three different bacterial stains were prepared using ethyl, isopropyl and methyl alcohols as solvents for the dry stain. The stains thus prepared were tried against various organisms and their staining qualities noted. Stains prepared with methyl alcohol were comparable, in ease of preparation and staining quality, with those prepared using ethyl alcohol. It was concluded that stains prepared with methyl alcohol, instead of ethyl, would be entirely satisfactory for routine procedures. This confirms the findings of Conn and Darrow.     

刺五加内生青霉鲨烯合酶基因的克隆与序列分析

【目的】克隆刺五加内生青霉Penicillium minioluteum P116-1a的鲨烯合酶(Squalene synthase,SS)基因。【方法】采用cDNA 5末端快速扩增(Rapid Amplification ofcDNA 5 Ends,5 RACE)技术扩增P.minioluteum P116-1a SS基因的全长cDNA序列和DNA序列;运用生物信息学方法对该基因进行分析,预测其编码蛋白的结构与功能;并通过RT-PCR法和SDS-PAGE法检测SS的表达情况。【结果】P.minioluteum P116-1a的SS基因含有4个外显子和3个内含子,开放阅读框长1 416 bp,编码471个氨基酸,预测蛋白含67.73%的α螺旋,5.31%的延伸链,2.97%的β折叠,23.99%的无规则卷曲,含有鲨烯合酶和八氢番茄红素合成酶的特异性识别区域,定位于内质网膜。与P.marneffei和Talaromyces stipitatus中SS蛋白的氨基酸同源性达90%以上。不同温度下SS的表达情况不同。【结论】首次在刺五加内生青霉P.minioluteum P116-1a中克隆到SS基因,为进一步研究P.minioluteum P116-1a提高刺五加皂苷含量的机制奠定基础。     

四川省资阳市爆发的猪链球菌感染疫情中病原菌的分离和鉴定

对四川资阳地区病猪标本、尸检肝标本和血清标本进行病原菌分离,得到10株分离菌。经菌落形态和菌体形态观察、生化鉴定,证明其中3株为猪链球菌2型(SS2)。通过对3株SS2胞外因子基因、溶菌酶释放蛋白基因、荚膜多糖基因和16S rRNA基因进行PCR扩增,结果分别在626bp8、85bp4、87bp和297bp处出现目的条带。为进一步了解分离的SS2菌株的特性,使用VITEK GPS-107药敏卡进行药敏试验,结果表明分离菌对青霉素-G、红霉素、万古霉素等多种抗生素敏感。分离菌感染Balb/c小鼠可引起动物死亡,并出现胃肠肿胀、嘴部青紫以及皮下紫斑等症状,与患者症状相似,小鼠脏器压片经革兰氏染色镜下观察可见阳性球菌。     

Effect of methyl alcohol and ethylene glycol on the work of activated sludge.

The effect of methyl alcohol and ethylene glycol on the work of activated sludge grown in synthetic wastewater was investigated. Wastewater carrying these compounds could be purified by the activated sludge method, providing the concentration of methyl alcohol and glycol did not exceed 5,000 mg/l and 1,000 mg/l, respectively. At these values reduced purification efficiency, increased volumetric index of the sludge and changes in the structure of the activated sludge flocs could be observed.     

高致病性2型猪链球菌plcR基因敲除株的构建及其相关生物学特性的研究

【目的】构建高致病性2型猪链球菌05ZYH33菌株plcR基因敲除株,通过比较突变株与野生株生物学特性的差异,研究plcR基因在2型猪链球菌致病过程中的作用。【方法】利用同源重组技术敲除plcR基因,多重交叉PCR及RT-PCR鉴定并测序验证。比较野生株与突变株基本生物学特性的差异,小鼠攻毒实验分析plcR基因缺失对细菌毒力的影响。【结果】经RT-PCR证实05SSU0241与05SSU0242共转录,通过多重交叉PCR及RT-PCR证实成功构建plcR基因缺失突变株,基本生物学特性显示突变株的生长速率、菌落形态、溶血活性均无显著改变,小鼠致病性试验结果显示,野生株攻毒的小鼠死亡率为70%,突变株攻毒的小鼠死亡率为40%,毒力较野生株显著降低。【结论】plcR基因作为2型猪链球菌有毒株基因组中特有的外源基因,在细菌致病过程中具有重要作用。     

DFT: a dynamic study of the interaction of ethanol and methanol with platinum

The interaction between alcohol molecules and platinum (Pt) was studied using molecular dynamics (MD; Born-Oppenheimer method). Alcohol molecules like ethanol and methanol present a similar molecular structure, with a methyl group (CH₃) at one end and a fragment of hydroxyl (OH) at the other. This fact generates two orientations that are considered in the interaction with Pt. The MD calculation results for these two orientations indicate a preferential orientation due to energy interactions. A plausible reaction mechanism that takes into account the interaction between Pt and alcohol is presented. The charge transference obtained from the Pt–alcohol interaction was also analyzed. The energy for the two orientations was calculated by indicating the preferential orientation. The methyl and hydroxyl groups are involved in heterolytic breakage of hydrogen bonds, joined to a carbon atom in the former and to an oxygen atom in the latter; however, the methyl group reaction seems to be the most important.     

Spatially distinct mitochondrial populations exhibit different mitofilin levels

Subsarcolemmal (SS) and intermyofibrillar (IMF) mitochondria exhibit unique biochemical and functional properties; however, their association with structural membrane proteins that control mitochondrial morphology and functionality in striated muscle tissue was never reported. In IMF and SS mitochondria isolated from rat heart and gastrocnemius muscle, we analysed the expression levels of mitofilin, a mitochondria-associated protein involved in organelle structure maintenance. The statistically significant higher amounts of mitofilin detected in IMF compared with SS mitochondria, 37-fold in cardiac tissue and 3.8-fold in gastrocnemius, together with the specific energetic requirements of these mitochondrial populations highlight the importance of mitofilin in oxidative phosphorylation functionality and in mitochondrial plasticity in striated muscle. The differential expression levels of mitofilin between IMF and SS also suggest that this protein can be used as a specific molecular marker to comparatively discriminate spatially distant mitochondrial populations.     

The residual structure of acid-denatured β2-microglobulin is relevant to an ordered fibril morphology

β₂-Microglobulin (β2m) forms amyloid fibrils in vitro under acidic conditions. Under these conditions, the residual structure of acid-denatured β2m is relevant to seeding and fibril extension processes. Disulfide (SS) bond-oxidized β2m has been shown to form rigid, ordered fibrils, whereas SS bond-reduced β2m forms curvy, less-ordered fibrils. These findings suggest that the presence of an SS bond affects the residual structure of the monomer, which subsequently influences the fibril morphology. To clarify this process, we herein performed NMR experiments. The results obtained revealed that oxidized β2m contained a residual structure throughout the molecule, including the N- and C-termini, whereas the residual structure of the reduced form was localized and other regions had a random coil structure. The range of the residual structure in the oxidized form was wider than that of the fibril core. These results indicate that acid-denatured β2m has variable conformations. Most conformations in the ensemble cannot participate in fibril formation because their core residues are hidden by residual structures. However, when hydrophobic residues are exposed, polypeptides competently form an ordered fibril. This conformational selection phase may be needed for the ordered assembly of amyloid fibrils.     

猪链球菌2型唾液酸合成酶neu B基因敲除突变株的构建及其生物学特性

利用同源重组基因敲除方法构建猪链球菌2型强毒株05ZYH33唾液酸合成酶neuB基因敲除突变株。PCR和Southern杂交结果均显示neuB基因在1株转化重组体中完全被壮观霉素抗性基因替代, 表明neuB基因敲除突变体构建成功。生物学特性鉴定显示, 突变体与强毒株在菌落形态、溶血活性以及染色特性方面均无明显差异; 电镜检查发现突变体表面结构组分与强毒株有显著差异, 荚膜明显变薄, 质地更加紧密; 小鼠致病性试验结果显示, 突变体毒力显著减弱。研究结果提示菌体荚膜中的唾液酸对于猪链球菌2型侵袭和致病具有重要作用。     

Isolation and characterization of two types of actinophages infecting Streptomyces scabies MR13

Two types of actinophages, phi S and phi L, were isolated from soil samples by using Streptomyces scabies MR13, a potato scab pathogen, as an indicator strain. The phages were partially characterized according to their physicochemical properties, plaques and particles morphology and their host-range. The host-range of these phages was narrow for phi S and wide for phi L. The adsorption rate constants of the phi S and phi L were 3.44 x 10(-9) and 3.18 x 10(-9) ml/min, and their burst sizes were 1.61 and 3.75 virions, respectively. One-step growth indicated that phi S and phi L have a latent period of 30 min followed by a rise period of 30 min. The temperate character of these phages was tested in other isolates of Streptomyces. Four of the phages (phi SS3, phi SS12, phi SS13 and phi SS17) were identified as temperate phages, since they were able to lysogenize SS3, SS12, SS13 and SS17. phi SS3, phi SS12 and phi SS13 were homoimmune, and they were heteroimmune with respect to phi SS17. The restriction barriers of lysogenic isolates (SS12, SS13 and SS17) interfered with the blockage of plaques formation by phages (phi SS12, phi SS13 or phi SS17) propagated on them, about 75% of lysogenic isolates had restriction systems. The exposure of the lysogenic isolates (SS12, SS13 and SS17) to UV-irradiation prevented the possible restriction barriers of these isolates, and these barriers could be overcome.