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预防医学是现代医疗体系的重要组成部分,在提高公共卫生健康水平方面发挥着极其重要的作用。为了更好地开展预防医学工作,预防医学专业本科生不仅要牢固掌握预防医学专业知识,更要掌握一定的临床医学基础知识和技能。临床实习是医学生加深所学的临床理论知识并将其转化为实践操作的主要途径,在预防医学本科生的培养中具有重要意义。我校经过多年的探索与改革,在预防医学本科生的临床实习方面积累了大量经验,但现阶段仍然存在着一些问题。本文分析预防医学本科生在临床实习过程中存在的主要问题并提出改进建议,从而为进一步提高预防医学本科生的培养质量提供依据。 相似文献
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随着医学模式的转变,预防医学已经成为现代医疗体系的重要组成部分,在提高公共卫生健康水平方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。为了更好地开展预防医学工作,预防医学专业学员不仅要掌握牢固的预防医学专业知识,更要具备丰富的临床医学知识。针对预防医学专业本科学员的临床课程教学,我校经过多年的探索与改革,已经积累了丰富经验,教学质量较高;但现阶段仍然存在着一些问题。本文分析我校预防医学专业本科学员临床课程的教学现状及存在的主要问题,并提出建议;从而为进一步提高预防医学专业本科学员的临床课程教学质量提供依据。 相似文献
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《中华细胞与干细胞杂志(电子版)》2017,(1)
随着医学快速发展,现已呈现为临床医学、预防医学、康复医学、修复医学或医学修复学四大发展方向和分支。医学修复学作为采用修复策略治疗和预防人类疾病和损害以及衰老导致的机体结构和功能障碍的医学学科体系正在受到医学界越来越多的关注,尤其是细胞治疗技术和生物工程技术正在催化这一学科体系加快发展。本文概述其发展概况、修复机制、学科基本概念和涵盖范围、加速推动其发展的举措,并提出"医学修复学是医学发展的重要方向,是现代医学学科体系的四驾马车之一"。 相似文献
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Synthetic biology is considered as an emerging research field that will bring new opportunities to biotechnology. There is an expectation that synthetic biology will not only enhance knowledge in basic science, but will also have great potential for practical applications. Synthetic biology is still in an early developmental stage in China. We provide here a review of current Chinese research activities in synthetic biology and its different subfields, such as research on genetic circuits, minimal genomes, chemical synthetic biology, protocells and DNA synthesis, using literature reviews and personal communications with Chinese researchers. To meet the increasing demand for a sustainable development, research on genetic circuits to harness biomass is the most pursed research within Chinese researchers. The environmental concerns are driven force of research on the genetic circuits for bioremediation. The research on minimal genomes is carried on identifying the smallest number of genomes needed for engineering minimal cell factories and research on chemical synthetic biology is focused on artificial proteins and expanded genetic code. The research on protocells is more in combination with the research on molecular-scale motors. The research on DNA synthesis and its commercialisation are also reviewed. As for the perspective on potential future Chinese R&D activities, it will be discussed based on the research capacity and governmental policy. 相似文献
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ERIC CHWANG 《Bioethics》2010,24(1):14-22
The 2006 Institute of Medicine (IOM) report, 'Ethical Considerations for Research Involving Prisoners', recommended five main changes to current US Common Rule regulations on prisoner research. Their third recommendation was to shift from a category-based to a risk-benefit approach to research review, similar to current guidelines on pediatric research. However, prisoners are not children, so risk-benefit constraints on prisoner research must be justified in a different way from those on pediatric research. In this paper I argue that additional risk-benefit constraints on prisoner research are unnecessary: the current Common Rule regulations, omitting category-based restrictions but conjoined with the IOM report's other four main recommendations, ensure that prisoner research is as ethical as non-prisoner research is. I explain why four problems which which may be more prevalent in prisons and which risk-benefit constraints may seem to address – coercion, undue inducements, exploitation, and protection from harm – are in fact not solved by adding further risk-benefit constraints on prisoner research. 相似文献
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This article draws attention to the limited amount of scholarship on what constitutes fairness and equity in resource allocation to health research by individual funders. It identifies three key decisions of ethical significance about resource allocation that research funders make regularly and calls for prioritizing scholarship on those topics – namely, how health resources should be fairly apportioned amongst public health and health care delivery versus health research, how health research resources should be fairly allocated between health problems experienced domestically versus other health problems typically experienced by disadvantaged populations outside the funder's country, and how domestic and non‐domestic health research funding should be further apportioned to different areas, e.g. types of research and recipients. These three topics should be priorities for bioethics research because their outcomes have a substantial bearing on the achievement of health justice. The proposed agenda aims to move discussion on the ethics of health research funding beyond its current focus on the mismatch between worldwide basic and clinical research investment and the global burden of disease. Individual funders’ decision‐making on whether and to what extent to allocate resources to non‐domestic health research, health systems research, research on the social determinants of health, capacity development, and recipients in certain countries should also be the focus of ethical scrutiny. 相似文献
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为了深入了解青藏高原土壤呼吸的研究现状与研究前沿,以中国知网数据库(CNKI)和Web of Science核心合集数据库中的相关文献为数据源,基于文献计量的分析方法,运用Citespace和VOSviewer等软件,通过对国内外发文趋势分析、高频关键词共现分析及国家、机构、作者合作网络分析等,总结了青藏高原土壤呼吸的研究热点与研究趋势。结果表明:(1)国内外青藏高原土壤呼吸的研究在逐年上升,外文研究的增长速率大于中文研究。(2)国内外关于青藏高原土壤呼吸的合作网络较为松散。(3)青藏高原土壤呼吸的研究大体划分为三个阶段:起步阶段(1978—2005年)、增长阶段(2006—2013年)、快速发展阶段(2014年—至今),研究方法、研究尺度都在不断发展。(4)目前土壤呼吸领域研究内容以青藏高原土壤呼吸与全球气候变化、氮添加与土壤呼吸、土壤呼吸与土壤温度、土壤呼吸与过度放牧为主。研究指出:在未来,应该加强对于青藏高原碳动态的连续观测,完善不同类型生态系统土壤呼吸研究。同时,探索放牧等生态系统管理措施对青藏高原土壤呼吸的影响机制。这些结果为国内外青藏高原土壤呼吸研究方向提供了可靠情报支持。 相似文献
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应用生态学是自然资源管理和生态环境保护最重要的科学技术工具之一.在当前自然资源短缺、环境污染严重、生态系统退化的严峻形势下,对国际应用生态学的理论基础、研究方法、研究热点进行分析,对夯实我国应用生态学的知识基础、指明研究方向、确定战略定位具有重要意义.本文基于文献计量学原理,借助CiteSpace、Carrot2等信息可视化软件,以Web of Science中1980—2018年国际应用生态学研究领域基于不同检索策略的两个文献数据集合为研究对象,从研究载体、研究力量及研究内容3个维度进行文献时空分布、核心研究力量、研究热点演进以及研究前沿及趋势分析,旨在揭示其学科发展轨迹、研究现状与发展趋势,以期为未来我国的应用生态学研究提供参考. 相似文献
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生物信息学作为自然科学领域中多学科交叉的新兴学科,其发展研究得到了众多学者的关注。为了解生物信息学在国内外的研究态势,以CNKI中文数据库和Web of science外文数据库中生物信息学领域期刊论文为研究对象,利用R语言编程工具,文献计量和共词分析归纳了国内外生物信息学领域的研究现状、热点及趋势。结果表明:国内外生物信息学研究均处于高速发展期,文献量呈逐年增长趋势,研究领域也在不断拓宽;国内外研究热点均聚焦在基因挖掘、蛋白质结构与功能预测、miRNA分析等,但国内偏向于理论研究,而国际更注重其在疾病治疗、药物设计等方面的应用研究。 相似文献
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中国园林生态学发展综述 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
运用文献计量等方法对已有科研成果进行统计分析,结果表明:中国近50年园林生态学科领域科研发展经过了起步探索(1962-1981)、缓慢发展(1982-2001)、快速发展(2002-2011)3个时期,园林生态学作为生态学一个新的分支学科,于20世纪90年代末初见端倪,作为一门新兴独立的应用生态学分支学科于21世纪初已基本形成.中国园林生态学领域的研究包括园林生态系统中生物与环境相互作用关系问题、人与环境相互作用关系问题以及园林生态系统与其他生态系统之间相互作用关系问题.当代园林生态研究主要有生态效益研究、生物与环境研究、人的需求与行为研究、生态规划与生态管理研究4个方面,目前园林生态学研究主要侧重生物与环境研究和生态效益研究,两方面的研究成果占总体研究成果的76.3%.不同研究方面也有各自的侧重点,如生物与环境研究侧重对植物的研究,生态效益研究侧重净化环境、水土保持和防灾减灾,生态规划与生态管理研究则侧重生态规划与设计.对四个研究方面的论文主题词检索和高频主题关键词的分布进行统计,结果显示,研究的热点有多样性、群落、水土保持、防灾避险、净化环境、生态规划与设计等.对CNKI中4个研究方面成果中获基金资助项目论文进行统计(不排重),总体成果中基金项目论文所占比重为10.8%,国家和地方基金是园林生态学科研基金资助的主要来源,基金论文比例之和达到85.4%,且国家和地方基金资助论文较多的是“生态与环境研究”和“生态效益研究”,合计占基金论文79.1%.SCI-E中收录的文献基金论文率为47.1%,是CNKI数据库收录的文献基金论文率的4.3倍,且国际基金是基金论文的主要资助来源之一,说明中国园林生态学领域部分科研成果得到国际学界关注.基于CNKI相关主题词统计,“园林生态学”的研究成果只有“景观生态学”的1%,“城市生态学”的8.3%,“园林生态学”学科系统理论研究在相关生态学科研究中所占比重很低,其理论和方法研究还较薄弱.今后在进一步完善学科理论体系、持续开展生态效益和园林植物研究的同时,为更好地研究和解决人-自然复合生态系统问题,提供更多的科学理论支撑,还需拓展交叉生态心理学或环境心理学等其他相关理论,更多地关注人与环境互相作用关系以及生态规划与生态管理等方面的研究,既使环境更好地满足人的行为需求,也使人认识到改变一些行为能更好地保护环境. 相似文献
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目的:对我国公立医院集团的相关研究进行文献分析,找出特点与重要结论进行归纳。方法:通过适宜的文献检索策略,在相关数据库获取合适的文献,根据文献研究的要求,对其进行分析汇总。结果:筛选确定18篇实证研究文献、3篇理论研究文献,并根据之前确定的文献分析方法分析其研究内容与结论,通过计量的方式总结目前实证研究的重点,同时通过归纳,总结目前理论研究的成果。结论:医疗机构外部环境、内部环境与合作条件是研究我国公立医院集团的几个最常见的因素。 相似文献
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Francis Kombe Eucharia Nkechinyere Anunobi Nyanyukweni Pandeni Tshifugula Douglas Wassenaar Dimpho Njadingwe Salim Mwalukore Jonathan Chinyama Bodo Randrianasolo Perpetua Akindeh Priscilla S. Dlamini Felasoa Noroseheno Ramiandrisoa Naina Ranaivo 《Developing world bioethics》2014,14(3):158-166
African researchers and their collaborators have been making significant contributions to useful research findings and discoveries in Africa. Despite evidence of scientific misconduct even in heavily regulated research environments, there is little documented information that supports prevalence of research misconduct in Africa. Available literature on research misconduct has focused on the developed world, where credible research integrity systems are already in place. Public attention to research misconduct has lately increased, calling for attention to weaknesses in current research policies and regulatory frameworks. Africa needs policies, structural and governance systems that promote responsible conduct of research. To begin to offset this relative lack of documented evidence of research misconduct, contributors working in various research institutions from nine African countries agreed to share their experiences to highlight problems and explore the need to identify strategies to promote research integrity in the African continent. The experiences shared include anecdotal but reliable accounts of previously undocumented research misconduct, including some ‘normal misbehavior’ of frontline staff in those countries. Two broad approaches to foster greater research integrity are proposed including promotion of institutional and individual capacity building to instil a culture of responsible research conduct in existing and upcoming research scientist and developing deterrent and corrective policies to minimize research misconduct and other questionable research practices. By sharing these experiences and through the strategies proposed, the authors hope to limit the level of research misconduct and promote research integrity in Africa. 相似文献