暗绿绣眼鸟的繁殖生态观察

暗绿绣眼鸟的繁殖生态观察朱献恩,朱晓华青岛市崂山区林业局鸟类管理站２６６１００暗绿绣眼鸟（ＺｏｓｔｅｒｏｐｓｊａｐｏｎｉｃａｓｉｍｐｌｅｘＳｗｉｎｈｏｅ）为青岛地区的夏候鸟。每年于５月初迁来青岛崂山繁殖,９月下旬迁回南方越冬。居留期１５０天。笔者于１...     

青岛地区暗绿绣眼鸟繁殖生态研究

暗绿绣眼鸟每年４月２０日迁来，５月中下旬筑巢，筑巢期７天。筑巢期间交配，巢成后即产卵。每窝产卵４枚，年产１窝。孵卵期１０天。雏鸟均在孵卵期的最后一上小时内全部出壳。经亲鸟喂食１１天，雏鸟出飞离巢。     

斑背大尾莺sinensis亚种的繁殖生物学

斑背大尾莺（Megalurus pryeri）为东亚特有鸟类,数量稀少（常家传,1995;马敬能等,2000）,2003年IUCN世界濒危物种红皮书将斑背大尾莺列为易危物种（汪松、解焱,2004）。斑背大尾莺有2个亚种,指名亚种（M．P．pryeri）仅在日本本州岛北部的Kanto平原北部繁殖,越冬区在本州岛中部的太平洋沿岸（Fujitaand Nagata,1997）;sinensis亚种在我国仅见于湖北汉口（冬候鸟）、河北秦皇岛（旅鸟）和辽宁朝阳地区（繁殖鸟？）（郑作新,1987）。     

新疆木垒波斑鸨的繁殖成功率

作者于 1998～ 2 0 0 0年 4～ 7月 ,采用野外直接观察、栖息地植被样方调查和无线电跟踪等方法对分布于新疆木垒的波斑鸨 (Chlamydotiundulatamacqueenii)种群的繁殖生态进行了初步观察与研究。考察中共发现45个巢、 84窝幼雏。研究结果表明 ,木垒波斑鸨有两个产卵高峰期 ,表明雌鸟第一次繁殖失败后可能再次产卵。雌鸟营巢成功率平均为 0 5 0 5。波斑鸨的窝卵数在 2～ 6枚之间 ,出现 4枚卵的频率最高。第一产卵期内的平均窝卵数 ( 4 0± 0 8枚 /窝 )大于第二产卵期内的平均窝卵数 ( 3 3± 0 8枚 /窝 )。木垒波斑鸨种群三年间卵孵化率分别为 0 84、 0 80和 1,繁殖成功率为 0 45 6。种群在繁殖期几乎不受人类活动干扰 ,巢卵及幼雏损失主要来自天敌捕食 ,如沙狐、大和棕尾等.     

笼养条件下暗绿绣眼鸟(Zosterops japonica simplex)鸣声的初步探究

鸣叫是鸟类种群内个体间交流的"语言",不同的鸣叫具有不同的意义。鸣叫行为对鸟类的集群、取食、求偶、报警等活动均有重要的影响。了解鸟类鸣叫与行为之间的关系对于鸟类行为生态学研究具有重要意义。记录了笼养条件下暗绿绣眼鸟在不同条件下的鸣叫变化。共记录和分析了暗绿绣眼的雌雄普通鸣叫、雄性报警鸣叫与引伴鸣叫、繁殖期雄性领域鸣唱、个体间求救鸣叫与应答鸣叫、种间竞争鸣叫、黑暗环境下鸣叫等8种声音。结果表明暗绿绣眼在不同的情景下会发出不同的鸣叫,鸣叫的多样性为其种群交流提供了有效的语言工具。     

甘肃南部蓝马鸡的繁殖生物学

2007年和2008年在甘肃尕海-则岔自然保护区对蓝马鸡Crossoptilon auritum的繁殖生物学进行了研究.野外发现12个巢址,其中后方隐蔽度最高,为90.83%,其次是上方隐蔽度、左侧隐蔽度、右侧隐蔽度、前方隐蔽度.窝卵数为9.67±1.15(n=3).卵平均大小为(56.64±1.75) mm×(41.88±0.98) mm.卵体积为(50.39±2.64) cm3,卵重为(54.97±2.87) g.在4个繁殖巢中,只有1个巢成功孵化.营巢失败原因有人为干扰和天敌破坏.     

无蹼壁虎繁殖生态生物学研究

壁虎科 (Ｇｅｋｋｏｎｉｄａｅ)动物以恒定窝卵数作为其主要生殖策略 ,多疣壁虎 (Ｇｅｋｋｏｊａｐｏｎｉｃｕｓ)以较高产卵频率和较大雌体 (卵大一些 )在种群中的比例 (计翔等 ,1991ａ)作为其又一生殖策略。本文在前人研究的基础上 ,对无蹼壁虎 (Ｇ .ｓｗｉｎｈｏｎｉｓ)的繁殖生态生物学做进一步研究。1　研究方法1 1　野外观察时间及地点1993～ 1997年 ,在江苏省云龙山上的旧碉堡内 ,观察记录壁虎产卵、孵化等情况。1 2　饲　养1995、 1996、 1998和 1999年 ,参照计翔等 (1991ｂ)方法 ,用木箱和纸箱饲养壁虎。每箱内饲养 1对成体壁虎 ,以…     

栗斑腹鵐的繁殖习性

1999年5—7月,通过野外直接观测的方法,对栗斑腹鵐的繁殖过程进行了调查。结果表明：在103．78hm^2样地内共有45个巢,种群密度为0．81只／hm^2。平均窝卵数为5．09枚,孵化期为12d,孵化率为36．3％,繁殖成功率为27．7％,繁殖生产力为0．49。     

灰椋鸟的繁殖生态

1994年 3月至 7月在吉林省左家自然保护区对灰椋鸟的繁殖生态研究发现 ,在 1 2 2hm2 的面积内共有 36个灰椋鸟巢 ,繁殖密度为 0 32 1巢 hm2 。繁殖期由 4月 2 4日持续到 7月 1 1日共 79d。平均窝卵数为 5 89(SD =1 1 7,n =36 ) ,窝卵数同繁殖季节呈显著负相关 (r=-0 75 72 ,P <0 0 1 )。平均孵化期为1 3 6d ,平均育雏期 2 1 6d。平均每巢出飞 5 1只幼鸟。幼体 (卵、雏鸟 )死亡的最主要原因是人为干扰。     

吉林白城地区草原栗斑腹(巫鸟)窝卵数、营巢成功率和繁殖成功率的研究

对分布于吉林白城地区草原生境中栗斑腹巫鸟的窝卵数、营巢成功率和繁殖成功率的初步研究结果表明 ,繁殖期栗斑腹巫鸟种群的平均窝卵数为 5 .0 9± 0 .5 8枚 /巢 ;窝卵数与产卵期、出巢数与产卵期、窝卵数与卵大小之间呈负相关 ,产卵期与孵化率之间存在极显著的负相关关系 ,巢外径与窝卵数之间存在显著的正相关关系 ,巢的其余指标均与窝卵数呈正相关 ;平均孵化期为 12± 0 .4 9d ,孵化率为 36 .3% ,繁殖成功率为 11.11% ;7日龄以上的雏鸟群体大小为 2 .5 6± 1.5 3只 ,栗斑腹巫鸟的雏鸟存活率为 2 7.6 9% .     

Breeding biology aspects of spotted flapshell Turtle,Lissemys punctata (Lacepede 1788), in Bangladesh

This study was conducted to determine the breeding season, gonadal development, egg laying period, clutch size and other biological aspects of spotted flapshell turtle, Lissemys punctata, of Bangladesh between January 1997 and December 2001. The egg laying period of L. punctata, was found between August and March. The nesting sites were elevated fallow lands in secluded areas. The female turtle laid all the mature eggs at a time for each clutch at night. A gravid female turtle laid three clutches of eggs in each year and the mean clutch size was 13.0 ± 1.9 eggs and mean weight of each egg was 10.3 ± 1.3 g. The eggs are spherical in shape and whitish in color. The mean incubation period was 173 ± 34 days (range 119–225 days). The incubation period of first clutch was the longest than the second and third clutches. Hatching success was found 41%. Maximum hatching was observed in June. The present investigation was made to explore the possibility to raise turtle farming in captive condition. The findings would, hopefully, help to rear the species and to assess the commercial potentiality of turtle farming in captive condition, that is, in the eco-climatic condition of Bangladesh.     

Isolation of microsatellite loci in the Capricorn silvereye,Zosterops lateralis chlorocephalus (Aves: Zosteropidae)

The Capricorn silvereye (Zosterops lateralis chlorocephalus) is ideally suited to investigating the genetic basis of body size evolution. We have isolated and characterized a set of microsatellite markers for this species. Seven out of 11 loci were polymorphic. The number of alleles detected ranged from two to five and observed heterozygosities between 0.12 and 0.67. One locus, ZL49, was found to be sex‐linked. This moderate level of diversity is consistent with that expected in an isolated, island population.     

北热带石灰岩地区红耳鹎的繁殖生态和巢址选择

热带鸟类的生活史进化策略与温带鸟类的不同,而迄今国内对热带鸟类的研究却非常缺乏,红耳鹎(Pycnonotus jocosus)在我国北热带地区分布广泛,是较为理想的研究对象。2010年至2014年春夏季,对北热带石灰岩地区红耳鹎的繁殖生态和巢址选择进行了研究。采用系统搜寻法并根据亲鸟行为寻巢,应用方差分析和主成分分析对相关数据进行处理。结果显示,红耳鹎的产卵期集中在4月中旬至5月下旬,喜筑巢于灌木和人工种植的苹婆(Sterculia nobilis)树。平均窝卵数为(3.4±0.5)枚(3~4枚),卵重(2.59±0.29)g,卵大小(21.10±1.73)mm×(15.35±1.50)mm(n=31)。总的繁殖成功率为36.16%,繁殖失败的主要原因是天敌捕食、弃巢和人为干扰。一年繁殖一次和较低的繁殖成功率是研究地的红耳鹎有较大窝卵数的主要原因。红耳鹎在巢址选择时主要考虑避雨因子、避敌因子和灌木因子。     

高黎贡山白尾梢虹雉繁殖生态观察

2002-2004年连续3个春季在高黎贡山自然保护区对白尾梢虹雉(Lophophorus sclateri)的繁殖习性进行了观察,对白尾梢虹雉的巢、卵和雏鸟进行了详细描述.在高黎贡山南段,白尾梢虹雉的产卵孵化始于3月底,止于5月初,窝卵数为2～3枚,孵卵期为28 d.窝卵数低、适宜巢址缺乏有可能是白尾梢虹雉种群增长缓慢...     

Breeding biology of the citrine wagtail (Motacilla citreola) in the Gdansk region (N Poland)

In the years 1997–2001, I observed 28 broods of the Citrine Wagtail (Motacilla citreola) in the Gulf of Gdask region. First birds arrived at the study area at the end of April. A successful breeding cycle lasted about 1 month and included: 3–4 days of nest building, 1–2 days of a break, 4–6 days of egg laying, 11–12 days of incubation, and 10–13 days of parental care of chicks in the nest. Females started to lay eggs at the beginning of May. The most common clutch-size was 5 eggs. Hatching success was 55.3%. On average, 2.6 chicks hatched in a nest, the final fledging success reached 38.1% and an average 1.8 chicks left the nest. Nests were always on the ground and were situated in tufts or in thick vegetation. Most entrances faced south-east. The mean external diameter of nests was 10.1 cm, the internal diameter, presented as width and length, averaged 6.3 and 6.8 cm, respectively, and the mean depth of cup was 3.9 cm. Eighty-six measured eggs were similar in shape and colour to the eggs of Yellow Wagtail (M. flava). Their mean width was 14.16 mm, and the length 18.40 mm. The growth and plumage development of nestlings is reported. To estimate the nestlings age a multiple regression equation was established with the measurements of highest correlation coefficients, i.e. wing and tarsus length: D=0.12W+0.23T–0.23 (where: D = day of life, W = wing length, T = tarsus length). In the observed nest, both parents participated similarly in feeding the chicks. The average frequency of feeding increased from about 5 per hour on the day of hatching to more than 20 per hour in the last days in the nest. G-test showed statistically significant differences between the male and the female in the distribution of average duration of visit (G=52.3, df=10, P<0.05). During the first few days the female stayed at the nest longer than the male. After 6 days, average duration of a visit in the nest for both parents shortened to several seconds.     

四川瓦屋山金色林鸲的繁殖生态及孵卵节律

20 0 3年 4～ 7月 ,在四川省瓦屋山自然保护区对金色林鸲 (Tarsigerchrysaeus)的繁殖生态和孵卵节律进行了较为深入的研究。金色林鸲营巢期从 4月下旬～ 6月中旬 ,孵卵期一般为 1 6～ 1 7d,育雏期为1 6d。窝卵数一般为 3～ 4枚 ,平均为 (3 . 75± 0. 45 )枚 (n =1 2 ) ,孵化率为 60 0 % ,育雏成功率为 85 2 %。仅雌鸟孵卵 ,根据对 3巢的监测 ,发现雌鸟早晨 6:0 0时左右首次离巢 ,晚上 2 0 :0 0时左右回到巢中 ,每天出巢次数 1 8～ 1 9次。孵卵雌鸟每次出巢时间一般少于 2 0min ,异常离巢时最长达到 65 6min。雌鸟出巢时间的长度和环境温度呈明显的正相关 (Spearman,r=0 . 1 1 8,P =0 . 0 0 7,n =5 3 1 )。金色林鸲雄鸟存在羽毛延迟成熟现象 ,亚成体雄鸟可以繁殖。     

甘肃省莲花山鬼鸮繁殖巢址记达

鬼鸮在世界上呈环北极分布,其甘肃亚种自1928年在甘肃西北部的天堂寺首次发现后,80多年来在甘肃一直未见报道,其它分布点亦非常零散.1999～2003年,作者在甘肃省莲花山区发现鬼鸮分布,并记录鬼鸮繁殖巢址3个.鬼鸮营巢于针叶树的树洞中,雌雄共同育雏.     

甘肃省莲花山鬼鸮繁殖巢址记述

鬼鸮在世界上呈环北极分布,其甘肃亚种自1928年在甘肃西北部的天堂寺首次发现后,80多年来在甘肃一直未见报道,其它分布点亦非常零散。1999～2003年,作者在甘肃省莲花山区发现鬼分布,并记录鬼鸮繁殖巢址3个。鬼鸮营巢于针叶树的树洞中,雌雄共同育雏。