日本市场的食用天然色素

由于消费者需要安全性、天然性、健康性食品的呼声越来越高,作为重要的一类食品添加剂——食用天然色素在日本受到了应有的重视。自1975年以来,日本开始以天然色素逐步地取代过去普遍使用的合成食用色素。目前在研究、开发和应用天然色素方面,日本均处于世界各国的先进水平。尽管天然色素普遍存在着纯度不     

姜黄色素增溶的研究

本研究以脂溶性姜黄色素为材料,探讨其增溶后的水溶性、耐光性、耐加热性、安全性及增溶费用.结果表明,增溶后的姜黄色素不仅水溶性好,而且色泽鲜艳、着色力强,耐光性、耐加热性也较好;增溶后的姜黄色素安全无毒;增溶费用低.从而为工业化生产水溶性姜黄色素提供了理论依据.     

三叶海棠色素提取工艺及其性质研究

研究了三叶以素的提取工艺及其化学性质，提出了ＮａＯＨ－热水浸提法，测得其在酒精及ＮａＯＨ溶液中的最大上波峰为３８２ｎｍ，查明该色素具有较强的耐酸性，耐生、耐还原性、耐热性、抗氧化性，发曹春在权性条件下耐光性能极佳。     

民族食用色素

西双版纳有植物王国中“明珠”之声誉,野生植物极其丰富,可供利用的植物种类很多.聚居在这一地区的民族在长期的历史发展过程中,形成了自己独特的植物文化,在利用植物色素来改善食品色调,从而得到美的享受方面积累了丰富的民族饮食文化. 五指山兰(Peristophe Lanceolia),用五指山兰叶和嫩枝提取山兰红色素.瑶族、傣族使用最为普遍.山兰红色素可通过调节pH值而     

两株海洋放线菌的产色素特性

【背景】生物产生的天然色素在工业、农业和纺织工业上有潜在应用价值。【目的】通过对产色素海洋放线菌的分离与筛选,为开发细菌所产生的天然色素在纺织与食品工业中的应用奠定基础。【方法】筛选胞外产可溶性色素的放线菌,并通过16S rRNA基因序列测定和分析构建其系统发育树,并对影响色素产量的因素和色素稳定性进行实验。【结果】获得了一株产蓝色色素的放线菌Q2N-42和一株产黄绿色色素的放线菌X4C-5,16S rRNA基因序列分析表明它们分别与天蓝色链霉菌(Streptomycescoelicolor)或紫红链霉菌(Streptomycesviolaceoruber)和普拉滕斯链霉菌(Streptomyces pratensis)的16SrRNA基因序列存在较高的相似性。通过研究不同碳源和氮源对放线菌Q2N-42和X4C-5产色素的影响,发现甘油和硝酸钠能明显地增加天蓝色链霉菌(S. coelicolor) Q2N-42的色素产量,而淀粉和硝酸钠能明显地增加普拉滕斯链霉菌(S.pratensis)X4C-5的色素产量。这两种色素对不同浓度的氧化剂、还原剂、盐和pH都表现出良好的稳定性;色素的红外...     

榆叶梅天然色素及其稳定性研究

以新疆地产榆叶梅花为实验材料,对榆叶梅花食用色素提取时间、提取温度、物料配比进行不同组合的对比实验研究;对光、热、pH值、还原介质、氧化介质、蔗糖、防腐剂、维生素和金属离子等对色素的稳定性影响进行了研究。结果表明：榆叶梅花色一本正经不为水溶性色素属黄酮类色素。适用pH值范围较广,尤其酸性状态pH1－5最佳;蔗糖和防腐剂以及金属离子Zn^2 、Mg^2 、Ca^2 、K^ 、Na^2 对色素稳定性无不良影响;耐氧化剂与还原剂性能较差;而Fe^2 、Fe^3 、Cu^2 、Sn^2 、Pb^2 对色素稳定性有一定影响,其颜色相反发生改变。     

Structural–functional Aspects in the Evolution of Operculate Corals (Rugosa)

Among the Rugosa operculae were developed by only a few genera. One is the slipper–shaped Calceola and another is the pyramidal shaped Goniophyllum . On the basis of biological and morphological knowledge of recent corals, the two different bauplans of the soft bodies of Calceola and Goniophyllum have been reconstructed. The soft body (i.e. the polyp) of a rugose coral is thought to have all the basic structures of anthozoan polyps: a barrel–like body shape, a flat oral disc with tentacles, and a mouth from which a pharynx reaches inside the gastric cavity. Furthermore, as in all Anthozoa, Rugosa had internal mesenteries that act as tensile cords; during growth in the diameter further mesenteries were inserted. In contrast to all other Anthozoa, in the Rugosa new single mesenteries were added in four insertion sectors. The bauplans of Calceola and Goniophyllum differ in the pattern of mesentery insertion into these four sectors. Calceola had a serial insertion pattern and Goniophyllum had a symmetrical insertion pattern. They are representatives of the two different bauplans within the Rugosa. The lid corals are examples of convergent evolved genera; Calceola as well as Goniophyllum originated by quite simple modifications of the ancestral type. The peculiar shapes, the operculae and especially the straight hinges between the calyx and the lid(s) result only from mechanical necessity. Under special conditions (such as high sedimentation rates) these modifications of the corallites represent suitable tactics for survival.     

Unusual shallow water Devonian coral community from Queensland and its recent analogues from the inshore Great Barrier Reef

Coral Reefs - Palaeozoic coral communities were dominated by two extinct coral groups: Tabulata and Rugosa. Whilst they are not closely related to modern Scleractinia, they are morphologically...     

Structural investigations on betacyanin pigments by LC NMR and 2D NMR spectroscopy

Four betacyanin pigments were analysed by LC NMR and subjected to extensive NMR characterisation after isolation. Previously, low pH values were applied for NMR investigations of betalains resulting in rapid degradation of the purified substances thus preventing extensive NMR studies. Consequently, up to now only one single (13)C NMR spectrum of a betalain pigment, namely that of neobetanin (=14,15-dehydrobetanin), was available. Because of its sufficient stability under highly acidic conditions otherwise detrimental for betacyanins, this pigment remained an exemption. Since betalains are most stable in the pH range of 5-7, a new solvent system has been developed allowing improved data acquisition through improved pigment stability at near neutral pH. Thus, not only (1)H, but for the first time also partial (13)C data of betanin, isobetanin, phyllocactin and hylocerenin isolated from red-purple pitaya [Hylocereus polyrhizus (Weber) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae] could be indirectly obtained by gHSQC- and gHMQC-NMR experiments.     

Effect of sand cover on the survival and vigor ofRosa rugosa Thunb.

Rugosa rose,Rosa rugosa Thunb., is adapted to the northeast coast of the United States. It can be used to trap blowing sand or planted for beautification. Unpredictable weather conditions during the year of establishment have caused survival to be generally poor. Field observations have indicated that rugosa rose spruted from old plants when covered with 30 to 60 cm of sand. To test this observation, rugosa rose was planted at three depths: 0, 15 and 30 cm deeper than the normal planting depth. Roses planted 30 cm deeper than normal developed expanded leaves sooner than did those planted at the normal depth. Peat moss mixed in the planting hole tended to delay leaf formation for the 0 cm treatment but had no effect on survival at any depth. Survival during the first year was 100% for the 30 cm depth and 93% for 0- and 15-cm treatments. The deeper planted roses were more vigorous at the end of the season than were those set at the normal depth. Rose hips developed on plants set at the two deeper treatments. No hips were produced on those plants for the normal depth. New roots grew on the buried stems. These new roots were near the sand surface rather than uniformly distributed along the buried stems.Presented at the Seventh International Biometeorological Congress, 17–23 August 1975, College Park, Maryland, USA.     

从底栖生物化石再释贵州独山泥盆系龙洞水段的时代

贵州独山的猴儿山组龙洞水段是一套浅海相碳酸盐沉积,盛产底栖牛物化石.通过对该段地层中所含四射珊瑚、床板珊瑚和腕足类等化石属种的详尽分析,再次证实龙洞水段的地质时代仍应属中泥盆世早期(Eifelian).而不是像某些根据痕迹化石或层序地层学的研究那样将它置于下泥盆统.     

New Rugosa taxa from the Middle Devonian Subpolar Urals

New coelenterate taxa of the subclass Rugosa from the Middle Devonian of the western slope of the Subpolar Urals, the genus Syvjuphyllum (with the type species S. sokolovi gen. et sp. nov.) and the species Cosjuvia yushkini sp. nov., are described.     

Evolution of the taxonomic diversity of Mongolian Ordovician-Silurian corals

Changes in the taxonomic diversity of Mongolian Ordovician-Silurian corals (Tabulatoidea, Heliolitoidea, Cyrtophyllida, Rugosa) are analyzed. Evolution of the taxonomic diversity is analyzed in two aspects: quantitative and qualitative changes. Changes in the diversity of Mongolian corals are caused by (1) evolutional developmental stage of the group and its adaptational possibilities (internal reason) and (2) changes in the environmental parameters, which reproduce regional and general global events (external reason).     

Efficacy of five volatile oils and their mixtures against the soft scale insect, Saissetia coffeae (Walker) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) infesting the Sago palm, Cycas revoluta in Alexandria, Egypt

Five tested plant volatile oils and their mixtures were evaluated for controlling the coccid, Saissetia coffeae (Walker) on growing Sago palms Cycas revoluta in Antoniades public gardens, Alexandria, Egypt. The tested volatile oils at concentration rates of 0.5, 1 and 1.5% (v/v) were: Camphor 20%, Dill 20%, Rose 30%, Peppermint 20% and Clove 30% (v/v). Their mixtures were : Camphor/Peppermint, Camphor/Rose at a rate of 1:1, Camphor/Rose/Peppermint at 1:1:2 rate and Camphor/Rose/Dill at 2:1:1 rate. The results, as a general mean of residual reduction percent for the whole inspection intervals of the test lasted 2 days up to 9 days post treatment, indicated that the superior volatile oils in reducing the insect were both Camphor and Rose, followed by Dill, Peppermint and the least efficient one was the Clove oil. The evaluated mixtures of the volatile oils showed that each of Camphor/Rose/Peppermint, Camphor/Rose and Camphor/Peppermint mixtures attained a higher rank of efficiency against that of the assigned soft scale insect.     

从12S rRNA基因序列研究中国蛙科24种的进化关系

测定了中国蛙科动物24种和蟾蜍科的中华大蟾蜍线粒体12S rRNA基因长约400bp片段的序列。采用邻接法,对其数据的系统发生分析表明24种可分成3个支系：第一个支系包括棘腹蛙、合江棘蛙、棘胸蛙、大头蛙、虎纹蛙、倭蛙、泽陆蛙共７种,其中３种棘蛙组成一个单系;第二个支系由３种湍蛙,即戴云湍蛙、华南湍蛙和武夷湍蛙组成,应属于湍蛙亚科;第三支系包含余下的１４种蛙,其中５种林蛙和４种臭蛙分别组成一个单系;２种侧褶蛙先聚合后,再与弹琴水蛙聚合,２种粗上先聚合在一起,再与由林蛙组成的单系群聚合。第三支系首先与第二支系相聚,然后它们与第一支系形成姐妹群,即由蛙亚科的７个物种组成的第一支系,不与蛙亚科另１４个物种组成的第三支系直接聚合,表明第一支系的物种可能不属于蛙亚科。此外,分子证据提示把陆蛙属、大头蛙属、虎纹蛙属、棘棘属、臭蛙属、粗皮蛙属和侧褶蛙属从原来的蛙属分出有其合理性。、     

Ordovician corals of the Siberian and Mongolian basins: Taxonomic diversity,morphogenesis, and occurrence

Taxonomic diversity, structural peculiarities, and occurrence of the Ordovician corals Tabulatoidea, Heliolitoidea, Rugosa, and Cyrtophyllida from the Siberian and Mongolian basins are analyzed. The corals settled in the Siberian basin almost for 1.5 million of years earlier than in the Mongolian basin. First corals in the Siberian basin were found in the lowermost Muktei Horizon (Llanvirn, i.e. Darriwilian Stage) while first corals in the Mongolian basin are known from the lower part of the Bairim Horizon (Late Caradoc, i.e. lower part of the Katian Stage). First corals in both basins belonged to the subclass Tabulatoidea.