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1.
Shoot regeneration from seed-derived callus cultures of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) was tested on MS basal medium supplemented with four different growth regulators. Regeneration frequencies for medium supplemented with 10 M 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 60 M 4amino-3, 5,6-picolinic acid (picloram), or 30 M 3,6dichloro-o-anisic acid (dicamba) ranged from 0.4 to 4%. Medium supplemented with 30 M dicamba plus 10 M 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) resulted in regeneration of shoots from 20% of the calli tested. Higher rates of growth regulators (60 or 90 M dicamba, 20 M BA) resulted in regeneration of shoots from 45% of calli of the cultivar Baron. In a subsequent study, the response of 12 North American cultivars grown on these media was cultivar-specific, with mean frequencies of regeneration ranging from 4% to 40%.Abbreviations 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyaceticacid
- dicamba
3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid
- picloram
4-amino-3,5,6-picolinic acid
- BA
6-benzylaminopurine 相似文献
2.
Plant regeneration in Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) via coleoptile tissue cultures 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Summary Plant regeneration in Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L. cv. Touchdown) via culture of seedling tissues was investigated. When coleoptile, leaf, and stem sections of dark-germinated seedlings were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, different types of callus were produced, depending on the expiant source and growth regulator combinations. Only compact-friable callus (type 3) and moderately compact, friable callus (type 2) produced shoots upon subculture. The nonstructured watery callus (type 4) produced roots without shoots. Shoot differentiation from callus tissues was highest when the culture medium contained 0.2 mgL–1 picloram + 0.01 mgL–1 -naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Calli grown from coleoptiles had higher shoot regeneration frequency (32%) than that obtained from either stem sections (12%) or young leaf tissues (2%) of the same seedlings. Some organogenic callus lines produced exclusively green plants, while others produced albino shoots or a mixture of green and albino shoots. The green plants were multiplied in a medium containing 0.1 mgL–1 BAP plus either 0.2 mgL–1 picloram or 0.1 mgL–1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Over 90% of the cultures in the shoot proliferation medium produced roots in 4 weeks. The rooted plants were successfully established in soil medium and grown in the greenhouse.Abbreviations BAP
6-benzylaminopurine
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- MS
Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium
- NAA
-naphthaleneacetic acid
- picloram
4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid
- TDZ
thidiazuron 相似文献
3.
Tony H. H. Chen Janet Marowitch B. G. Thompson 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1987,8(1):73-81
Fifty genotypes of each of three cultivars of alfalfa (Medicago spp.) were tested in three medium protocols for their capacity to produce somatic embryos and plantlets from callus cultures. Highly productive genotypes produced somatic embryos regardless of medium protocol or explant source, while other genotypes produced somatic embryos in a medium-specific or explant-specific fashion. The results showed that embryogenesis in mature leaf-derived calli could be predicted from the frequency of embryo formation in cotyledon-derived calli of the same genotype. The results also indicated that highly productive genotypes can be selected from cultivars with a low frequency of regeneration. 相似文献
4.
Archana Giri Paramvir Singh Ahuja P. V. Ajay Kumar 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1993,32(2):213-218
Plants were obtained via somatic embryogenesis in callus derived from in vitro raised leaf and petiole explants of Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. Callus was induced on a Murashige-Skoog medium supplemented with either 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-d 1 mg l-1) and kinetin (KN 0.5 mg l-1) with coconut water (CW 10% v/v) or naphthalene acetic acid (NAA 5 mg l-1) and benzylaminopurine (BAP 1 mg l-1). Somatic embryos appeared after 2–3 months or 2 subculture passages when 2,4-d or NAA induced source of the callus was transferred to a MS medium containing BAP (1 mg l-1) and NAA (0.1 mg l-1). For successful plantlet formation, the somatic embryos were transferred to a medium containing 1/4 strength MS nutrient with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA 1 mg l-1). Alternatively, the somatic embryos were dipped in a concentrated solution of IBA for 5 min and placed on a hormone free medium. Complete plantlets were formed after 4 weeks and were transferred successfully to soil.CIMAP Publication No. 1020. 相似文献
5.
J. A. Gana G. C. Sharma A. Zipf S. Saha J. Roberts D. M. Wesenberg 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1995,40(3):217-224
Regenerative potential of the calli of nineteen genotypes of Avena sativa, Avena nuda, Avena byzantina and one interspecific hybrid were compared over three successive cultures. Highly significant genotype and genotype × subculture interactions were observed. Among the highest plant regenerable genotypes were Corbit (first subculture); GAF/Park and 88Ab3073 (second subculture); and GAF/Park and 87Ab5932 (third subculture). These genotypes regenerated on an average 10 to 17 plants each from a 200 mg callus mass after a 30 to 45 proliferation period. GAF/Park, a progeny of an interspecific cross, regenerated plants at a significantly higher level (11.85 plants/rep), followed by the similarly performing A. sativa (6.23 plants) and A. nuda (5.06 plants) genotypes, which were significantly higher than the A. byzantina genotypes (2.07 plants). Four genotypes were tested for their adaptability to suspension culture and plant regeneration potential by separating their cells and cell clusters into two sizes: larger and smaller than 3 mm. Larger clusters yielded plants for three genotypes GAF/Park, 88Ab3073, and Tibor. The smaller clusters only regenerated plants for GAF/Park and 88Ab3073. From one gram of callus used to initiate suspensions of GAF/Park and 88Ab3073, 119.9 and 18.8 plants, respectively, were regenerated. The plants regenerated for various genotypes from agar-solidified or suspension culture experiments had normal growth and seed set. This study confirms high and sustained regenerative capabilities of GAF/Park, a restricted genotype due to the weedy Avena fatua genetic background and identifies alternative genotypes, especially 88Ab3073 for future tissue culture and transformation studies. 相似文献
6.
Yuexia Wang Bridget A. Ruemmele Joel M. Chandlee W. Michael Sullivan Jane E. Knapp Albert P. Kausch 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2002,38(5):460-467
Summary Embryogenic callus induction and plant regeneration systems have long been established for creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.), but little research has been reported on optimal medium for embryogenic callus induction and plant regeneration in
velvet bentgrass (Agrostis canina L.), colonial bentgrass (Agrostis capillaries L.), and annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.). The present study compared 14 callus induction media and eight regeneration media for their efficacies on embryogenic
callus induction and plant regeneration in these four species. The embryogenic callus initiation media contained the Murashige
and Skoog inorganic salts and vitamins supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid or 3,6-dichloro-anisic acid and 6-benzyladenine.
l-Proline or casein hydrolyzate was included in some media to stimulate embryogenic callus formation and plant regeneration.
The frequencies of embryogenic callus formation ranged from 0% to 38% and exhibited medium differences within each of the
four species. Callus induction media, plant regeneration media, and genotypes affected plant regeneration rates, which varied
between 0% and 100%. The embryogenic callus induced on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 500 mgl−1 casein hydrolyzate, 6.63 mg l−1 (30 μM) 3,6-dichloro-anisic acid and 0.5–2.0 mg l−1 (2–9 μM) 6-benzyladenine had much higher regeneration rates than those formed on other callus induction media. Embryogenic callus
of annual bluegrass had higher regeneration rates than those of bentgrass species. MSA2D, a media containing 2 mgl−1 (8 μM) 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 100 mgl−1
myo-inositol, and 150 mgl−1 asparagine, was effective in promoting embryogenic callus formation in creeping bentgrass but not in colonial and velvet
bentgrasses and annual bluegrass. 相似文献
7.
Jameel M. Al-Khayri Feng H. Huang Teddy E. Morelock Tahani A. Busharar 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1992,28(2):64-66
Summary A system for the regeneration of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) from mature dry seed explants has been established. The response of two commercial spinach cultivars, ‘Grandstand’ and
‘Baker’, was examined. Callus proliferation was most prominent on MS medium supplemented with 9.3 μM of 6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin) and 3.39 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Adventitious shoot formation was observed within 8 wk after callus was transferred
onto regeneration medium. Shoot regeneration was best from callus induced on 9.3 μM kinetin and 4.56 μM 2,4-D. The regeneration medium contained 9.3 μM kinetin, 0.045 μM 2,4-D, and 2.89 μM gibberellic acid (GA3). Shoots were rooted on hormone-free medium, and plants grown in a greenhouse showed normal phenotype. This system is beneficial
in rapid propagation of spinach plants, particularly when only a limited number of seeds are available. 相似文献
8.
David R. Huff Janice M. Bara 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1993,87(1-2):201-208
Seeded plants that reproduce through facultative apomixis produce two types of progeny: (1) apomictic progeny genetically identical to the maternal genotype, and (2) aberrant progeny genetically different from the maternal genotype. Aberrant progeny have at least nine different genetic origins depending on gametic ploidy level and whether fertilization was self, cross, or absent. Multiple genetic origins of aberrant progeny complicate the results of basic and applied genetic studies. Determining the genetic origin of progeny plants using traditional techniques, such as cytology, embryology, and segregational studies, is technically difficult in Kentucky bluegrass. We have found that two relatively new techniques, flow cytometry and silver-stained RAPD (ssRAPD) markers, are powerful tools for rapidly determining the genetic origins of aberrant Kentucky bluegrass progeny. Our application of these techniques demonstrate that (1) flow cytometry accurately distinguishes progeny ploidy levels, and (2) ssRAPD markers distinguish progeny resulting from cross-fertilization. Therefore, a combination of flow cytometry and ss-RAPD data would be useful for most genetic studies of aberrant individuals. Moreover, ssRAPD s were found to be of value for measuring the loss of genetic markers from polyhaploids and quantifying the inheritance of parental genomes in polydiploid Bn (n+n) and polytriploid BIII (2n+n) hybrids. Quantifying shared ss-RAPD markers may also be useful for determining genetic relatedness between varieties and germplasm sources. 相似文献
9.
Wan-Jun Zhang Jiang-Li Dong Ben-Guo Liang Yong-Sheng Jin Tao Wang 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2006,42(2):114-118
Summary We report a protocol for efficient plant regeneration of four tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) cultivars (‘Surpro’, ‘Coronado’, ‘Summer Lawn’, and ‘Fawn’) via somatic embryogenesis. Calli were initiated from
mature seeds grown on modified Murashige and Skoog (MMS) medium supplemented with 7.0mgl−1 (31.7μM) 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.05 mgl−1 (0.23 μM) kinetin (Kin). Calli were maintained and proliferated by subculture at monthly intervals on MMS medium containing 4.5 mgl−1 (20.4 μM) 2,4-D and 0.2mgl−1 (0.9 μM) Kin. Somatic embryos (SE) were induced from seed-derived calli on SE-induction medium (MMS supplemented with 2.0 mgl−1 2,4-D and 0.2mgl−1 Kin). Plantlets were regenerated from somatic embryogenic calli grown on modified SH medium supplemented with 2 mgl−1 Kin. Using this optimized protocol, 78.6–82.3% of mature seeds of all four cultivars produced SE clusters, of which 93.5–95.3%
regenerated into plants within 10 wk. The regenerants showed no phenotypic abnormalities. 相似文献
10.
Suxia Cui Wei Wang Chenglie Zhang 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2002,38(4):325-329
Summary Different ecotypes of reed (Phragmites communis Trinius) provide an ideal resource for studies on plant environmental adaptations and presence of genes relating to stress
resistance. Dune reed is a drought-tolerant reed ecotype growing in the desert regions of north-west China. In this work,
in vitro culture systems of dune reed and local swamp reed (as control) were established by optimizing the culture conditions for
each of them. Bright yellow calluses were induced on a Murashige and Skoog medium containing 4.5 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 5.4 μM naphthaleneacetic acid and 2.2μM benzyladenine. Benzyladenine promoted callus induction, but was not required for callus maintenance. Four types of callus
have been identified from each of the reed ecotypes. Two types of callus, i.e. type A (formed normal green shoots) and type
C (formed albino plants), were both found as embryogenic calluses. The optimal concentrations of 2,4-D to maintain embryogenic
callus were 2.3–4.5 μM for dune reed and 9.0–13.5 μM for swap reed. Plant regeneration was achieved from types A and C callus in a hormone-free medium. The embryogenic calluses
of swamp reed have been maintained for over 2 yr and still retain their strong embryogenic potential; however, those of dune
reed gradually lost their embryogenic potential after only 7 mo. of culture. Regenerated plants from the two reed ecotypes
showed, after a growth season, similar morphology and the same chromosome number (2n=8x=96, octoploid) as the wild plants. 相似文献
11.
Cyclic somatic embryogenesis and efficient plant regeneration from callus of safflower 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
Efficient plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis was established for safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cv. NARI-6. Embryogenic calli were induced from 10 to 17-d-old cotyledon and leaf explants from in vitro seedlings. High frequency (94.3 %) embryogenic callus was obtained from cotyledon explants cultured on Murashige and Skoog’s
germination (MSG) basal medium supplemented with thidiazuron, 2-isopentenyladenine and indole-3-butyric acid. Primary, secondary
and cyclic somatic embryos were formed from embryogenic calli in a different media free of plant growth regulators, however,
100 % cyclic somatic embryogenesis was obtained from cotyledon derived embryogenic calli cultured on MSG. Somatic embryos
matured and germinated in quarter-strength MSG medium supplemented with gibberellic acid. Cotyledons with root poles or non
root poles were converted to normal plantlets and produced adventitious roots in rooting medium. Rooted plants were acclimatized
and successfully transferred to the field. 相似文献
12.
Improvement of the tissue culture response of seed-derived callus cultures of Poa pratensis L.: Effect of gelling agent and abscisic acid 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
H. F. Van Ark M. A. C. M. Zaal J Creemers-Molenaar P. Van der Valk 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1991,27(3):275-280
The effects of gelling agent and abscisic acid on the morphogenetic response of seed-derived callus cultures of Poa pratensis L. were investigated. On medium solidified with Gelrite, the regeneration frequency of the calluses was twice as high as compared to agar-solidified medium. The average number of green shoots per regenerating callus was not influenced by the type of gelling agent used. When abscisic acid was added to the differentiation medium only, or to both the differentiation medium and the regeneration medium, the percentage of calluses with somatic embryos or embryo-like structures increased (up to 29.6%) as compared to the control (16.4%). The plant formation frequency, however, was not affected by abscisic acid. 相似文献
13.
Chi D. Ha Peggy G. Lemaux Myeong-Je Cho 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2001,37(1):6-11
Summary An efficient method to produce highly regenerative tissues from seeds of a previously recalcitrant cultivar of Kentucky bluegrass
(Poa pratensis L. ev. Kenblue) was established under dim-light conditions (10–30 μE m−2s−1, 16-h light) using media supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D; 4.5 or 9.0 μM), 6-benzylaminopurine (BA; 0.44 or 2.2 μM), and a high level of cupric sulfate (5.0 μM). The tissues were co-transformed with three plasmids containing the genes for hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt), β-glucuronidase (uidA; gus), and a synthetic green fluorescent protein gene [sgfp(S65T)]. From 463 individual explants bombarded, 10 independent transgenic events (2.2%) were obtained after a 3–4-month selection
period for hygromycin resistance using 30–100 mg l−1 hygromycin B; of the 10 independent events, seven (70%) were regenerable. Stable integration of the transgene(s) in transgenic
plants was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and DNA blot hybridization analyses. Coexpression frequency of all three
genes was 20%; for two transgenes, either hpt/uidA or hpt/sgfp(S65T), coexpression frequency was 30–40%. 相似文献
14.
Przetakiewicz A. Orczyk W. Nadolska-Orczyk A. 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2003,73(3):245-256
One of the basic components of a medium influencing somatic embryogenesis of cereals from immature embryos is the type of auxin. According to some researchers, phytohormones can also play an important role during Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. In this first part of research, the influence of three types of auxins used alone or in combination of two on somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in three cereal species has been tested. Eight cultivars of barley, five cultivars of wheat and three cultivars of triticale have been used. Efficiency of plant development on two regeneration media, with and without growth regulators has been compared. Efficiency of regeneration characterized by frequency of explants that form embryogenic callus ranged from 25% for wheat cultivar Torka to 100% for two barley cultivars. Mean number of plantlets regenerating per explant differed significantly (from 2 to 58) depending on the type of auxin in inducing media, the type of regenerating media as well as cultivar. The biggest differences in regeneration efficiency were observed between barley cultivars, however regeneration of plants occurred in all combinations tested. The best regeneration coefficients for most barley cultivars were obtained after culture on dicamba or dicamba with 2,4-D. However, in the case of highly regenerating cv Scarlett, the most effective culture media contained picloram or 2,4-D alone. The highest values of regeneration coefficients for two triticale cultivars (Wanad and Kargo) were obtained on picloram (26.1 and 21.4, respectively) and for `Gabo' on picloram with dicamba (12.6). The range of mean number of regenerated plantlets was from 12 to 30. Dicamba alone or lower concentrations of picloram with 2,4-D were the best media influencing embryogenic callus formation in five wheat cultivars. However, the highest values of regeneration coefficients ranging from 10.6 to 26.8 were obtained at lower concentrations of picloram with 2,4-D or picloram with dicamba. R2 regeneration medium containing growth regulators was significantly better for plantlet development in several combinations (cultivar and induction medium) than the one without growth regulators. Generally, regeneration coefficients for all tested cultivars of three cereal species on the best media were high, ranging from 5.5 for barley cultivar Rodion to 51.6 for another barley cultivar Scarlett. Plantlets developed normally, flowering and setting seed. 相似文献
15.
A very efficient transformation system, using biolistic bombardment, has been developed for the production of transgenic plants
of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.). Embryogenic calli, initiated from immature embryos, were transformed either with pAct1IHPT-4 containing the hygromycin
phosphotransferase (hpt) gene or with pDM803 containing the phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (bar) gene and the β-glucuronidase (uidA) gene. In total 119 independent transgenic plants were recovered from 153 hygromycin-resistant lines. Bialaphos selection
yielded a total of 99 bialaphos-resistant lines and from these 34 independent transgenic plants were recovered. Southern blot
analysis demonstrated the independent nature of the transgenic plants and also revealed a complex transgene integration pattern
with multiple insertions.
The first two author contributed equally to this work 相似文献
16.
Suk W. Kim Nam H. Song Kyung H. Jung Sang S. Kwak Jang R. Liu 《Plant cell reports》1994,13(6):319-322
Summary A system for high frequency plant regeneration from cell suspension cultures in Catharanthus roseus is described. Calli were obtained from anthers cultured on Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with 1 mgl-1
-naphthaleneacetic acid and 0.1 mgl-1 kinetin. After the second subculture on solid medium, embryogenic callus was identified and transferred to liquid medium to initiate suspension cultures. Cells dispersed finely in the medium were subcultured at 14-day intervals. Upon plating onto the basal medium, yellowish compact colonies proliferated from the cells and more than 80% of them gave rise to somatic embryos. Subsequently, plantlets developed from the embryos. Both the plantlets and the source plants showed the normal somatic chromosome number of 2n=2x=16.Abbreviations MS
Murashige and Skoog
- MSNK
MS medium + 1 mgl-1 NAA + 0.1 mgl-1 kinetin
- NAA
-naphthaleneacetic acid 相似文献
17.
Q. C. Liu H. Zhai Y. Wang D. P. Zhang 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2001,37(5):564-567
Summary Using 15 Chinese and Japanese cultivars of sweetpotato, Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam., we succeeded in developing an efficient plant regeneration system from embryogenic suspension cultures. The embryogenic
callus derived from shoot apices of the 15 cultivars was used to initiate embryogenic suspension cultures in Murashige and
Skoog (MS) medium containing 9.05 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Rapidly proliferating and well-dispersed embryogenic suspension cultures were established.
Cell aggregates 0.7–1.1 mm in size from embryogenic suspension cultures were transferred to solid MS medium supplemented with
9.05 μM of 2,4-D and formed embryogenic callus with somatic embryos. The embryogenic callus with somatic embryos was further transferred
to MS medium supplemented with 3.78 μM of abscisic acid, resulting in the germination of somatic embryos. Within 20 wk after the initiation, the frequencies of
cell aggregates forming plantlets reached approximately 100% for the 15 tested cultivars. These plantlets, when transferred
to soil, showed 100% survival. No morphological variations were observed. 相似文献
18.
A significant reduction in regeneration potential with increasing age (upto 12months) in rice (Oryza sativa L. cv.TN-1) embryogenic callus cultures was observed. Spermidine, while having an inhibitory effect on plant regeneration in fresh callus cultures, promoted morphogenesis in long-term callus cultures. A massive accumulation of polyamines, particularly putrescine (5-fold) was observed in 12 month old cultures resulting in a change of putrescine /spermidine ratio, which seems to be important for maintaining the morphogenetic response. Application of exogenous spermidine to 12 month old cultures showed increased levels of polyamines and restored the putrescine/spermidine ratio comparable to that found in freshly induced cultures, concomitantly, promoting the plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis in long-term rice callus cultures.Abbreviations PA
Polyamines
- PCA
Perchloric acid
- PUT
Putrescine
- SPD
Spermidine
- SPM
Spermine 相似文献
19.
Mode of reproduction is detected by Parth1 and Sex1 SCAR markers in a wide range of facultative apomictic Kentucky bluegrass varieties 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Albertini Emidio Barcaccia Gianni Porceddu Andrea Sorbolini Silvia Falcinelli Mario 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2001,7(4):293-300
Gametophytic apomixis in Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) involves the parthenogenetic development of unreduced eggs from aposporic embryo sacs. Marker-assisted selection for the mode of reproduction in P. pratensis would avoid costly and time-consuming phenotypic progeny tests. We developed and tested two SCAR primer pairs that are associated with the mode of reproduction in P. pratensis. The SCAR primers identified the apomictic and sexual genotypes among progenies of sexual x apomictic crosses with very low bias. Furthermore, when tested on a wide range of Italian and exotic P. pratensis germplasm, they were able to unequivocally distinguish sexual from apomictic genotypes. This system should, therefore, allow new selection models to be set up in this species. 相似文献
20.
A procedure was established for the induction of regenerable calli from immature inflorescence segments of high-tannin cultivars of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). Murashige & Skoog's medium with several components altered was utilized for inducing, maintaining, and regenerating the cultures. Embryogenic calli formed at a frequency of 8–70% depending on the genotype. During a ten-month period, 3600 plants were regenerated from eight genotypes tested. Among the developmental stages of immature inflorescence tested (from differentiation of secondary branch primordia to floret formation) no critical differences were found in potential for callusing, embryogenesis or regeneration. Genotypic differences were observed in pigment production, embryogenic callus formation, shoot differentiation, and in maintenance of regeneration capacity.Abbreviations 2,4-D
dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
This is Journal Paper Number 11972 from the Purdue University Agricultural Experiment Station 相似文献