大面积脑梗塞患者鼻饲一周、二周引起消化道出血的相关因素分析

目的:探讨影响神经内科大面积脑梗塞患者鼻饲后消化道出血的影响因素,以使医护人员采取有效的护理措施预防患者消化道出血,为神经内科防控大面积脑梗塞患者鼻饲后消化道出血提供切实可行的依据。方法:选取2010年9月-2011年9月我院神经内科大面积脑梗塞住院患者400例,分为普通组与对照组,比较两组患者消化道出血的情况。针对消化道出血情况进行调查分析,找出引起大面积脑梗塞患者消化道出血的相关影响因素。结果:数据显示,鼻饲时间长短(一周、二周)与患者发生消化道出血有关联,鼻饲二周患者发生消化道出血机率高于鼻饲一周患者,两组间统计检验,x2=11.329,P<0.05,有显著差异。大面积脑梗塞患者发生消化道出血主要与以下几个因素相关:自身疾病及严重程度、年龄、置管位置、鼻饲技术。结论:护理人员可依据致使患者发生消化道出血的危险因素,有针对性的采取防控措施,降低神经内科患者鼻饲后消化道出血发生率,有效保障患者安全,提高护理质量。     

Posthatching Development of Vascularization,Arteriovenous Anastomoses and Seromucous Glands in the Avian Nasal Mucosa

The development of blood vessels and growth of different tissue compartments in the avian nasal mucosa were studied in chickens from hatching to 5 months of age. The vascularity of the rostral and middle nasal conchae increased about 4-fold, while there was a progressive decrease in the relative size of the epithelium and connective tissue compartments, during the maturation period. Arteriovenous anastomoses (AVAs) were present already at hatching and their density increased 3-fold during the second week of posthatching development. The seromucous glands form by a process of invagination of the epithelium, which occurs predominantly during the first week after hatching. The glands continue to grow in size and an increasing fraction of the cells becomes mucous-secreting. The observations are discussed in relation to the role of the nasal mucosa in temperature regulation and conditioning of the inhaled air.     

Effects of nasal CPAP therapy on respiratory and spontaneous arousals in infants with OSA.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in infants has been shown to resolve frequently without a cortical arousal. It is unknown whether infants do not require arousal to terminate apneas or whether this is a consequence of the OSA. We studied the apnea and arousal patterns of eight infants with OSA before and after treatment with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). These infants were age matched to eight untreated infants with OSA and eight normal infants. Polysomnographic studies were performed on each infant. We found that the majority of central and obstructive apneas were terminated without arousal in all OSA infants. After several weeks of nasal CPAP treatment, the proportion of apneas terminating with an arousal during rapid-eye-movement sleep increased in treated infants compared with untreated infants. Spontaneous arousals during rapid-eye-movement sleep were reduced in all OSA infants; however, during CPAP treatment, the spontaneous arousals increased to the normal control level. We conclude that OSA in infants possibly depresses the arousal response and treatment of these infants with nasal CPAP partially reverses this depression.     

Evaluation of Magadi soda-treated sorghum grain for young broilers

Magadi soda (MS) is a commercially available form of sodium sesquicarbonate in Kenya. Soaking high-tannin sorghum (HTS) grain (2.5% catechin equivalents) in a 6 g l⁻¹ MS solution was shown to eliminate measurable tannin content. A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the performance of broiler chicks fed soyabean-based diets containing HTS or MS-treated HTS as the sole cereal source from 1-3 weeks of age. A third diet containing sorghum with no detectable tannin content served as the control. Diets containing 220 g kg⁻¹ crude protein were fed to 6 pens of 5 birds per pen for each treatment from 1-2 weeks of age and to 4 pens of 4 birds per pen per treatment in weeks 2-3. Feed intake, weight gain and feed efficiency (FE) were determined weekly. Apparent dry matter digestibility (DMD), metabolizable energy (AMEn) and nitrogen retention (NR) were measured over the last 3 days of each period. Gain and feed intake were not affected by treatment (P > 0.05), but FE and DMD were lower (P < 0.05) for the HTS diet than for the MS-treated HTS and control diets, which themselves were similar. Absolute NR was higher (P < 0.05) for the control diet than either of the HTS diets in week 2 but was the same for all diets in week 3. As % of intake, NR was higher (P < 0.05) for the control in both weeks 2 and 3 than for the HTS diets, although this was improved (P < 0.05) by MS treatment in week 2. AMEn values showed a similar pattern to that for NR in week 2 but in week 3 was the same for the MS-treated HTS and control diets, which were higher than the HTS diet (P < 0.05). Though total tannin content did not influence growth of birds in this study, MS treatment of HTS did reduce deleterious effects on FE, AMEn and NR as a % of intake.     

Caffeine supplementation of ewes during lambing may increase lamb survival

Perinatal mortality of lambs is on average 20% of lambs born in extensive Australian grazing systems, constituting a substantial production loss and welfare concern. Hypoxia resulting from prolonged or difficult births contributes to lower rates of lamb survival, and caffeine may reduce the effects of hypoxia. This study evaluated whether oral supplementation of grazing ewes with caffeine could improve lamb survival. Pregnant Merino ewes (n=492) which had been naturally mated to Merino rams in February/March were allocated to three replicates of control (no caffeine) or caffeine treatments. Caffeine was fed daily in troughs in each paddock at a rate of 1.6 g/ewe per day (estimated at 20 mg/kg live weight) from the day before the first lamb was born, for 14 days, with lambing continuing for 6 weeks. Intake was facilitated using 320 g/day per ewe of barley grain with molasses, which was fed to both treatments. The proportion of lambs born alive during the period of supplementation did not differ (P>0.05) between treatments. The proportion mortality of lambs to 1 day of age was lower (P=0.029) in the caffeine (0.01) compared with the control (0.16) treatment for lambs born during the 1^st week of supplementation, but not in later weeks. This difference in mortality for lambs born in the 1^st week of supplementation was maintained to marking age (caffeine 0.09; control 0.30; P=0.027). Extreme weather during the 2^nd week of supplementation may have prevented any reduction in mortality due to caffeine in that week. Feeding caffeine to a naturally lambing flock of grazing ewes may be a highly effective and commercially practical method of increasing lamb survival, but further research is needed to confirm these results, and caffeine be regulated for use.     

A trial of the use of mupirocin in the nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in medical personnel]

Many hospital-acquired purulent diseases and wound infections are due to multiresistant hospital strains of Staphylococcus aureus. The role of S. aureus nasal carriage in development of wound infections due to autoinfection is confirmed. Not only inpatients but also hospital staff can be highly colonized with coagulase positive staphylococci. The S. aureus persistence in hospital personnel results in distribution of the microorganisms in the environment. Therefore, detection of S. aureus carriers without signs of the infection among the hospital personnel and eradication of the pathogen make it possible to control outbreaks of S. aureus infection in hospitals. Clinical efficacy of nasal ointment of mupirocin in the treatment of S. aureus carriers among the intensive care personnel of the N. N.Blokhin Cancer Research Center was evaluated. S. aureus nasal carriage was diagnosed in 17 (26 per cent) out of 65 persons. All the isolates were susceptible to oxacillin. 5-7 days after discontinuation of the mupirocin nasal ointment use eradication of S. aureus was stated in 100 per cent of the cases. The effect was still observed in 94 per cent of the cases in 1 month, in 76 per cent of the cases in 5-6 months and in 60 per cent of the cases in 8-9 months. It is believed that mupirocin nasal ointment (Bactroban) is convenient to use, low toxic and highly active in the treatment of persons with S. aureus nasal carriage.     

Effects of repeated stress during pregnancy in ewes on the behavioural and physiological responses to stressful events and birth weight of their offspring

Stressors are frequently encountered during the pregnancies of farm animals. However, very few studies have investigated the effects of repeated stress in pregnant females on their offspring. Forty-eight ewes at 2.5 months of pregnancy were selected for their high or low cortisol response to isolation. Half of the ewes were subjected, twice a week during the last 5 weeks of gestation, to isolation. The first isolation bout of each week consisted only of isolation from conspecifics, while the second bout of each week consisted of isolation in the presence of a dog. The cortisol responses of ewes were measured during the treatment. The other half of the ewes was drafted and released without further disturbance. The emotional reactivity of the lambs to a light contrast test, a startling stimulus test and a social isolation test were studied at 25 days of age. The lambs were retested at 8 months of age in the same tests and also in a novel arena and a novel object tests. Cardiac responses to the startling stimulus were studied at 8 months of age. Basal cortisol concentrations and cortisol response after the isolation test were studied at both ages and cortisol response to ACTH was studied at 25 days of age. Ewes repeatedly exposed to the treatment of isolation plus presence of a dog habituated to the treatment. Moreover, the initial differences between the high and low reactivity ewes were not apparent when the stress treatment was subsequently imposed. Lambs prenatally stressed were heavier at birth than control lambs. The prenatally stressed lambs showed more exploration and locomotion in the behavioural tests at 8 months of age but not at 25 days of age. At 25 days of age, the basal cortisol concentrations were higher in the prenatally stressed lambs compared to the control lambs. Whereas these results suggest that mild prenatal stress of lambs has no adverse effect on the behavioural and cortisol responses to a range of stressors, there is evidence that this treatment increases birth weight and exploratory behaviour of prenatally stressed lambs. Clearly these results require confirmation.     

The induction of chromosome aberrations in mouse dictyate oocytes by X-rays and chemical mutagens.

Oocytes were collected from female mice and matured in vitro to Metaphase I during the first or third week after treatment with a dose of 400 rad X-rays, 1.6 mg/kg triethylenemelamine (TEM) or 75 mg/kg isopropylmethanesulphonate (IPMS). In week 1 the mean number of oocytes per female was similar for all treatments but in week 3 irradiated females yielded fewer oocytes than the chemically treated or control females. In week 1 the proportion of oocytes maturing was smaller in irradiated females than in the other groups but in week 3 was similar in all groups.Structural chromosome aberrations, scored in the Metaphase I oocytes, were of the chromatid or isochromatid type and involved gaps, breaks, fragments, intrachanges and interchanges. Aberration frequency did not increase with time after either of the chemical mutagens but after irradiation was higher in the third week than in the first week. The aberration yield from IPMS-treated females was similar at both sampling times, while a lower yield was recorded in week 3 following TEM treatment than in week 1.     

Sheep Red Blood Cell Instillation at Palatine Tonsil Effectively Induces Specific IgA Class Antibody in Saliva in Rabbits

We have shown that the palatine tonsil effectively incorporates exogenous foreign substances instilled at its surface. It is not clear whether antigen-specific IgA can be induced by the instillation. Sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were instilled at the palatine tonsil every three days as the antigen, and the agglutination titer of specific IgA in saliva was examined. Nasal or intragastric administration, which have been shown to induce specific antibody in saliva, were done as control experiments. Anti-SRBC antibody in saliva from the tonsillar instillation group was detected in the second week, and the agglutination titer reached a maximum in the 6th week after the instillation. The maximum titers in the tonsillar instillation group and nasal administration group were 16 (P<0.01, n=7) and 4 times (P<0.01, n = 7) higher, respectively, than that in the intragastric administration group. In the tonsillar instillation group, the number of specific antibody-producing cells per 10⁵ lymphocytes was the highest in the parotid glands compared with the lymphoid tissues such as the retropharyngeal lymph nodes, nasal mucosa, mesenteric lymph nodes, Peyer's patches, cervical lymph nodes, palatine tonsil and spleen. In the nasal administration group, the number of lymphocytes was the highest in the nasal mucosa. The results indicate that tonsillar instillation was more effective than nasal administration in inducing specific IgA in saliva.     

Effect of nasal instillation of female urine or vaginal exudate on serum cortisol and prolactin levels in isolated and anesthetized male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)

Two male adult rhesus monkeys were used and caged individually. The room was temperature-controlled having a light-dark period of 12/12 hours. The animals were rapidly immobilized and immediately anesthetized with ketamine i. m. (10 mg/kg of body weight). They were bled four times at 15, 30, 45 and 60 mins after the ketamine injection, twice a week for 6 weeks. When necessary, maintenance doses of ketamine were administered. The serum levels of cortisol and prolactin after nasal instillation of a suspension of vaginal exudate showed lower values than in control conditions (nasal instillation of saline). The control levels of cortisol tended to increase up to 60 mins, whilst in experimental conditions (nasal instillation of female urine or vaginal exudate) did not show such an increase. Cortisol remained similar during the sampling and similar to the 15 mins control levels, but the difference is statistically significant only after instillation of vaginal exudate as compared with control. The levels of prolactin did not show significant variations during sampling either in control or after female urine instillation. However, the instillation of vaginal exudate decreased the prolactin levels at 15 mins which tended to recover the control levels up to 60 mins. These results support the hypothesis, discussed in a previous paper, that some chemical information from females suppresses or mitigates the effect of acute stress resulting from handling the animals before anesthesia.     

Analysis of micronuclei, histopathological changes and cell proliferation in nasal epithelium cells of rats after exposure to formaldehyde by inhalation

The frequencies of micronuclei (MN), histopathological changes and cell proliferation were determined in the nasal epithelium of male Fischer-344 rats after exposure to formaldehyde (FA) by whole-body inhalation for four weeks (6h/day, 5 days/week). Groups of 12 rats each were exposed to the target concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 6, 10 and 15ppm. The micronucleus test (MNT) was performed with nasal epithelial cells prepared from six animals per group. Two thousand cells per animal were analysed for the presence of MN. The other six rats per group were subcutaneously implanted with osmotic pumps containing 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdUrd), three days prior to necropsy. Paraffin sections were made from the nasal cavity (four levels) of these animals for histopathology and cell-proliferation measurements. The frequency of cells with MN was not increased in any of the groups. However, there was also no induction of MN in nasal cells of rats exposed to a single dose of cyclophosphamide (CP, 20mg/kg) by gavage and analysed 3, 7, 14 or 28 days after the treatment. In contrast, nasal epithelial cells from rats exposed to 10 or 15ppm FA vapour showed clear site-specific pathological changes (focal epithelial degeneration, inflammation and squamous metaplasia) in a decreasing gradient (anterior to posterior). Analysis of slides after anti-BrdUrd antibody staining clearly indicated increased cell proliferation (unit length labelling indices, ULLI) after exposure to 6ppm and higher. No treatment-related effects were measured after exposure to 0.5, 1 and 2ppm. When comparing the cell-proliferation rate of normal epithelium with that of directly adjacent metaplastic epithelium, no consistent pattern was found: depending on the location, cell proliferation of normal epithelia was either higher or lower. Our results support previous findings demonstrating local cytotoxic effects in the nose of rats after inhalation of FA. However, induction of MN in the nasal epithelium as an indicator of a mutagenic effect was not seen. Because only limited experience exists for the MNT with rat nasal epithelial cells, this result has to be interpreted with great care. The contribution of mutagenicity to FA's carcinogenicity in rat nasal epithelium remains unclear.     

THE EFFECT OF AGE, GROWTH RETARDATION AND ASPHYXIA ON ASCORBIC ACID CONCENTRATIONS IN DEVELOPING BRAIN

Abstract— The concentration of ascorbic acid in whole rat brain during the first week of postnatal life was up to 100 per cent higher than in adult animals. A progressive fall in concentration occurred between 4 and 30 days of age. Corresponding changes did not occur in liver and adrenal gland, two other organs rich in ascorbic acid. Rats subjected to growth retardation during the fetal and suckling periods had, at 25 days of age, levels of ascorbic acid in the cerebellum and brainstem significantly higher than those of control animals. A period of prolonged asphyxia in 5-day-old rats resulted in a significant 4 per cent reduction in whole brain ascorbic acid concentration.     

Compatibility of Insect Growth Regulators with Eretmocerus eremicus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) for Whitefly (Homoptera: Alyerodidae) Control on Poinsettias: II. Trials in Commercial Poinsettia Crops

The efficacy and cost of reduced release rates of the parasitoid Eretmocerus eremicus Rose and Zolnerowich (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) when combined with application of the insect growth regulator buprofezin were compared to those of a higher parasitoid release rate used alone for whitefly control (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Koltz.). The trial was conducted in seven greenhouses in Methuen, Massachusetts from August through December 1997 and employed commercial poinsettia production practices. Two whiteflies species, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) and Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring (= Bemisia tabaci [Gennadius] strain B), were present. Three treatments were examined: (1) E. eremicus used alone at a release rate of three females per plant per week (two greenhouses); (2) E. eremicus at an intermediate release rate of two females per plant per week, combined with mid-season use of buprofezin (two applications, spaced 1 week apart, applied in weeks 9 and 10) (two greenhouses); and (3) E. eremicus at a low release rate of one female per plant per week, combined with mid-season use of buprofezin, applied as in treatment 2 (two greenhouses). In addition, observations were made in one additional greenhouse at the site, in which the grower used pesticides for whitefly control. Prior to the start of the trial, cuttings used for all treatments experienced some pesticide use, first abamectinduring rooting and later buprofezin at potting to reduce whitefly numbers, which were initially very high. At harvest, densities of live whitefly nymphs were not statistically different among the biological control treatments, indicating that a low parasitoid release rate combined with buprofezin was as effective as a higher release rate of the parasitoid used alone. Nymphal densities in separate market samples (based on smaller sample sizes) showed differences among treatments, but all treatments, including the low parasitoid release rate + buprofezin maintained densities of live nymphs + pupae at or below approximately two per leaf, a level commercially acceptable in local markets. Control costs per single-stemmed poinsettia plant were $1.18 for the high parasitoid release treatment, $0.75 for the treatment of weekly releases of two female parasitoids per plant per week + buprofezin, $0.38 for the treatment of releases of one female parasitoid per plant per week + buprofezin, and $0.14 for the chemical control greenhouse.     

Sleep problems and computer use during work and leisure: Cross-sectional study among 7800 adults

Previous studies linked heavy computer use to disturbed sleep. This study investigates the association between computer use during work and leisure and sleep problems in working adults. From the 2010 round of the Danish Work Environment Cohort Study, currently employed wage earners on daytime schedule (N?=?7883) replied to the Bergen insomnia scale and questions on weekly duration of computer use. Results showed that sleep problems for three or more days per week (average of six questions) were experienced by 14.9% of the respondents. Logistic regression analyses, controlled for gender, age, physical and psychosocial work factors, lifestyle, chronic disease and mental health showed that computer use during leisure for 30 or more hours per week (reference 0–10 hours per week) was associated with increased odds of sleep problems (OR 1.83 [95% CI 1.06–3.17]). Computer use during work and shorter duration of computer use during leisure were not associated with sleep problems. In conclusion, excessive computer use during leisure – but not work – is associated with sleep problems in adults working on daytime schedule.     

芪菊袋泡茶在慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉功能性鼻内镜术后的临床疗效

目的:评估芪菊袋泡茶对功能性鼻内镜术(FESS)术后的临床疗效。方法:采用随机数字表法将纳入观察的FESS术后患者分为两组,对照组为常规处理,治疗组在常规处理的基础上给予芪菊袋泡茶雾化吸入及饮用:术后6h开始予芪菊袋泡茶治疗,以芪菊袋泡茶一袋配30 mL饮用水,作雾化吸入,另予一袋配100 mL饮用水泡服,每天2次,雾化联合饮用共1周。雾化疗程结束后,则以每次2袋,每天2次泡服,再饮用2周,并随访12周。比较两组间鼻窦炎相关症状(包括鼻塞、头痛、面痛、嗅觉障碍、鼻涕)评分、鼻腔粘膜改变和术腔上皮化程度、术后咽喉部症状(包括咽痛、异物感、排痰、咳嗽)评分。结果:术后2、4、8、12周,治疗组鼻窦炎相关症状总评分与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗组在术后4、8、12周鼻腔粘膜评分、上皮化程度较对照组显著改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗组在术后1d、3d咽喉部症状总评分、咽痛和异物感症状评分显著较对照组改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:芪菊袋泡茶在慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉FESS术后能取得良好的临床疗效,明显改善术后症状,值得临床推广。     

鼻内镜下电凝结合微填塞治疗难治性鼻出血

目的：探讨鼻内镜下电凝止血结合明胶海绵微填塞治疗难治性鼻出血的临床特征和疗效。方法：回顾性分析我院2011 年1 月至2015 年1 月收治的203 例难治性鼻出血患者的临床资料,探讨发病季节、发病年龄、出血部位以及发病年龄与出血部位的 相关性。结果：203 例患者经鼻内镜下电凝止血结合明胶海绵微填塞治疗,全部治愈,其发病特征具有明显的季节性,40~60 岁多 见（41.9%）,下鼻道出血最常见（30.0%）,老年人以鼻腔后下部位出血为主,青中年以鼻腔前上部位出血为主。结论：鼻内镜下电凝 结合微填塞治疗难治性鼻出血微创、安全、有效,值得推广。     

The Effect of Cooled Perches on Immunological Parameters of Caged White Leghorn Hens during the Hot Summer Months

The objective of this study was to determine if thermally cooled perches improve hen immunity during hot summer. White Leghorn pullets at 16 week of age were randomly assigned to 18 cages of 3 banks at 9 hens per cage. Each bank was assigned to 1 of the 3 treatments up to 32 week of age: 1) thermally cooled perches, 2) perches with ambient air, and 3) cages without perches. Hens were exposed to natural ambient temperatures from June through September 2013 in Indiana with a 4 h acute heat episode at 27.6 week of age. The packed cell volume, heterophil to lymphocyte (H/L) ratio, plasma concentrations of total IgG, and cytokines of interleukin-1β and interleukin-6, plus lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-α factor were measured at both 27.6 and 32 week of age. The mRNA expressions of these cytokines, toll-like receptor-4, and inducible nitric oxide synthase were also examined in the spleen of 32 week-old hens. Except for H/L ratio, thermally cooled perches did not significantly improve currently measured immunological indicators. These results indicated that the ambient temperature of 2013 summer in Indiana (24°C, 17.1 to 33.1°C) was not high enough and the 4 h heat episode at 33.3°C (32 to 34.6°C) was insufficient in length to evoke severe heat stress in hens. However, cooled perch hens had a lower H/L ratio than both air perch hens and control hens at 27.6 week of age and it was still lower compared to control hens (P < 0.05, respectively) at 32 week of age. The lowered H/L ratio of cooled perch hens may suggest that they were able to cope with acute heat stress more effectively than control hens. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of thermally cooled perches on hen health under higher ambient temperatures.     

Effect of melatonin on pulsatile release of luteinizing hormone in female lambs.

This study investigated the effect of melatonin treatment of ewe lambs on LH pulsatility in an attempt to examine the mechanism whereby melatonin advances the onset of puberty. Six ewe lambs were given intravaginal melatonin implants at 12.8 weeks of age. Another six lambs received empty implants. All lambs were serially blood sampled every 15 minutes for six hours on several occasions prior to the onset of puberty. One week after implantation LH pulse frequency and mean LH levels were higher in treated lambs than the control lambs (pulse frequency 0.13/h vs 0.03/h; mean LH levels 2.0 +/- 0.2 ng/ml vs 1.3 +/- 0.1 ng/ml; p less than 0.05). Melatonin treatment failed to alter pulse frequency after the initial increase. Puberty was advanced by 3 weeks in the treated group. In the second experiment six lambs received melatonin implants at 13 weeks of age and another six lambs served as control. In this experiment blood samples were taken intensively during the first few weeks after treatment. Results of this study show that mean plasma LH levels and LH pulse frequency were again higher during the first week after implantation. This transient increase in LH release may be part of the mechanism initiating the eventual advancement of puberty although the significance of this increase is questionable. In both experiments the LH response to estradiol injection was monitored at various times after treatment, but no effects of melatonin were found, although the magnitude of the response increased with age.     

Nonsurgical correction of nasal deformity in unilateral complete cleft lip: a 6-year follow-up.

Nasal deformity in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients increases with time, tongue malposition being one of the causes. Some authors have emphasized the role of nasal and adjacent facial musculature as active extrinsic agents. Another cause of alar deformity can be the lack of a proper foundation because of a maxillary hypoplasia in the region of the pyriform foramen. If alar collapse occurs, the septum bends convexly toward the cleft side. Tissues are soft and plastic during the neonatal period. Once the infant is about 3 months of age, it becomes difficult to correct the nasal deformity. Therefore, any resource used from the first day, and mainly during the first 15 days of life, will be useful to prevent the increasing deformity and to avoid the surgical correction. A controlled clinical trial was planned to compare the anthropometric measurements of the nasal region in two series of patients with unilateral complete cleft lip. In the first group, we included 44 patients who came to our clinic during the first 2 days of life and the second group consisted of 47 patients who were more than 15 days of age at the time of the first consultation. To provide control data for the evaluation of the results after 6 years of follow-up in both series of cleft patients, we also included a third group of 48 healthy 6-year-old children. A nasal component added to the occlusal prostheses was only used in the first group up to the time of surgery. The same surgeon performed a Millard II procedure with muscular reposition as described by Delaire in all the patients. Nasal measurements taken with a caliper, obtained directly from plaster models by using surface impressions of the babies, were confirmed by a laser three-dimensional measuring device. The statistical comparison between both series showed a significant increase of the columellar length in the first group. A 6-year follow-up to compare growth and cosmetic results of the nose revealed a better and permanent nasal nostril symmetry and no alar cartilage luxation in the patients who had had the nasal component. These results highlight the importance of the early treatment and allow us to suggest the nasal prostheses as a way to prevent the increasing nasal deformity, to help nasal remodeling, to obtain columellar elongation, and to avoid or decrease the need for primary surgery of the cleft nose.     

Testicular compensatory hypertrophy in the hemicastrated calf: effects of exogenous estradiol

Unilaterally orchidectomized (hemicastrated) bull calves were studied to monitor possible changes in serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) during the phase of testicular compensatory growth, to examine the characteristics of LH and FSH binding to the testis of the post-pubertal animal, and to determine whether any of these responses were altered by exogenous estradiol. Twenty-four calves were assigned randomly at one week of age to a 2 X 2 factorial experiment involving intact control (I) and hemicastrated animals (H), as well as estradiol-implanted intact (I+E2) and hemicastrated animals (H+E2). Relative to I, testis growth was accelerated in H and suppressed in I+E2 and H+E2. Mean testis weights at 27 weeks of age were 42 +/- 4, 72 +/- 6, 12 +/- 1 and 14 +/- 1 g for the four respective treatment groups. Serum FSH, but not serum LH, was positively associated with the accelerated testis growth of H. LH and FSH binding per testis were both enhanced approximately twofold in the testis from hemicastrated animals relative to those from intact calves. In contrast, estradiol markedly suppressed the number of LH-binding sites per testis in both I and H calves, but only suppressed the number of FSH-binding sites per testis in H calves. LH-affinity constants were not affected by treatment, whereas those for FSH were significantly decreased by estradiol. In conclusion, neonatal hemicastration results in elevated serum FSH, testicular compensatory hypertrophy, and an increased number of gonadotropin receptors in the bovine testis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)