共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
2.
异视界绒螨(Allothrombium ignotum)种群密度与生态环境的关系 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究表明,无视异绒螨种群密度与棉田连作年限之间呈正相关,与棉田海拔高度和水位之间呈负相关.露地棉田螨量明显高于地膜覆盖棉田.若螨在静水中的浮水时间可持续5.2h.成螨产卵的最适土壤含水量为12.5%.不同杀虫剂对幼螨杀伤力为溴氰菊酯喷雾>氧化乐果喷雾>三氯杀螨醇喷雾>氧化乐果缓释剂涂茎.因此,发展灌溉棉田、棉花适当连作、棉花生长期采取药剂涂茎治蚜对壮大无视异绒螨种群密度有重要作用. 相似文献
3.
卵形异绒螨对桃蚜的控蚜功能研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过室内按比例接种桃蚜无翅成蚜和卵形异绒螨初孵幼螨实验,采用多元单因素统计分析及多重比较表明,桃蚜被卵形异绒螨幼螨寄生后,其存活天数、繁殖天数和繁殖蚜量都出现大幅度降低,其降幅分别高达52%、70%和68%,而且各处理间的参数表现差异极显著。 相似文献
4.
5.
转Bt基因棉和转Bt+CpTI双价基因棉对棉田主要害虫及其天敌种群动态的
影响 总被引:18,自引:4,他引:14
2002年4~10月,在北京西北旺中国农科院实验园区系统研究了单价转基因棉GK321(CryIAc)和双价转基因棉SGK321CryIAc+CpTI)对棉田主要害虫及其天敌种群动态的影响。试验设三种处理:单价转基因棉田(单价棉田)、双价转基因棉田(双价棉田)和常规对照棉(石远321)田(常规棉田)。在棉花的整个生育期系统调查棉田主要害虫及其天敌的种群数量。结果表明,单、双价棉田棉铃虫的发生数量都显著低于常规棉田;双价棉抗虫性在棉铃虫第2代发生期和单价棉无差异,但第3代发生期双价棉田内棉铃虫幼虫百株累计量比单价棉田减少了36.6%,抗虫性明显优于单价转基因棉。两种转基因棉田内非靶标害虫的发生量明显高于对照棉田的发生量,每种非靶标害虫在双价棉田和单价棉田发生数量多少因种类而异。双价棉田和单价棉田相比,棉蚜、棉叶蝉和棉粉虱的累计发生数量分别减少了33.0%、50.6%和22.7%,前两种差异极显著,后一种差异不显著;棉蓟马和绿盲蝽分别增加了208.9%和18.4%,前者差异显著,后者差异不显著。大多数天敌(包括捕食性和寄生性)在转基因棉田内发生数量显著低于常规棉田的发生数量。双价棉田内的龟纹瓢虫、棉蚜茧蜂和卵形异绒螨比单价棉田分别减少30.4%、42.8%和46.8%,差异均显著;草蛉卵和蜘蛛比单价棉田分别减少20.0%和27.4%,但差异不显著;双价棉田内的中华草蛉和小花蝽分别比单价棉田增加了27.0%和8.9%,前者差异显著,后者差异不显著。所以,单、双价转基因棉相比,对不同天敌的影响差异较大。 相似文献
6.
二氧化硫对蚕豆叶片伤害类型的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
二氧化硫熏气处理后对蚕豆(ViciafabaL.)叶片的伤害可划为3种类型,即不可见伤害、可逆的可见伤害以及不可逆伤害。采用动态熏气的方法初步估计了3类伤害的阈值,不可见伤害阈值小于131.2μg/m ̄3×8hs,可见伤害阈值为1322.8μg/m ̄3×2hs,1322.8μg/m ̄3SO_2处理时不可逆伤害阈值介于16hs(累积小时数,下同)和24hs之间,而以775.0μg/m ̄3SO_2处理时,则介于32hs和40hs之间。认为超氧化物歧化酶活性作为不可见伤害和不可逆伤害的指标较为适宜,可见伤害阈值则可沿用传统的5%伤害叶面积作指标。 相似文献
7.
不同剂量的He—Ne激光对Raji细胞膜脂流动性的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文采用荧光偏振法检测了不同剂量的He-Ne激光照射法对Raji细胞膜流动性的影响,发现了0.01J/cm^2和0.51J/cm^2两剂量可使膜脂微粘度降低(P〈0.05)。即其膜脂流动性升高;1.0J/cm^2和2.0J/cm^2的剂量脂微粘度无明显影响,即其膜流动性无明显化(P〉0.05),而6.02J/cm^2的剂量可使膜微粘度明显上升(P〈0.05)。即其膜流动性明显下降。 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
11.
有机农业棉田中棉蚜及其捕食性天敌的种群动态 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
采用定期目测棉叶上的棉蚜数量,用扫网法同步估测天敌种群数量,对有机农业棉田和常规棉田(对照)中棉蚜及其捕食性天敌的种群动态进行了比较。结果表明,有机棉田和常规棉田中棉蚜及其主要捕食性天敌种群动态差异显著。在2005年6~8月,有机棉田中棉蚜数量是常规棉田的4.17倍(P<0.05)。瓢虫成虫和幼虫的数量分别是常规棉田的3.22倍(P<0.01)和3.70倍(P>0.05);草蛉成虫和幼虫的数量分别是常规棉田的1.33倍(P>0.05)和3.00倍(P<0.05);食蚜蝇的数量是常规棉田的2.89倍(P>0.05),蜘蛛的数量是常规棉田的3.47倍(P<0.05)。因此,建议在有机农业棉花生产中,采用一些植物源杀虫剂辅助控制棉蚜。 相似文献
12.
Bt棉田边缘杂草带对棉田内叶螨发生的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
2003~2004年,在冀南棉区系统研究了棉田边缘杂草带对棉田内叶螨发生的影响。试验设3个处理:转Bt基因棉化防田(使用杀螨剂控制棉叶螨且保留棉田边缘杂草)、转Bt基因棉对照田(保留棉田边缘杂草)和转Bt基因棉除草田(去除棉田边缘杂草)。结果表明,2003年6月28日~8月7日,处理间的叶螨发生量和有螨株率差异明显。2003年叶螨发生高峰期(7月28日),对照田的百株平均螨量达834头,分别是化防田、除草田的9.4倍和11.5倍;对照田的有螨株率的峰值为34.7%,分别高于化防田和除草田6.4%和12%;棉叶螨的总计值,对照田分别是化防田和除草田的5.8倍和5.5倍。2004年7月10日~8月29日,对照田的百株螨量和有螨株率明显高于除草田和化防田。2004年叶螨发生高峰期(8月10日),对照田的百株平均螨量达1 222头,分别是化防田、除草田的4.3倍和23.4倍;对照田的有螨株率的峰值达100%,分别比除草田和化防田多75%和87%;棉叶螨的总计值,对照田分别是化防田和除草田的4.9和9.7倍。两年中,除草田和化防田的百株螨量和有螨株率峰值出现日期有所不同。对照田内,棉田边缘杂草至所调查的棉株距离同螨害指数呈显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)的负相关。本研究表明,去除棉田边缘杂草的棉田,叶螨发生始期较晚且发生量较少;棉田边缘杂草到取样点的距离与棉叶螨的为害程度呈直线负相关,距离越近,叶螨的发生为害越重。 相似文献
13.
棉蚜在木槿上的扩散迁飞动态 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
对木槿和棉株上棉蚜自然种群消长动态、扩散及迁飞动态研究表明,木槿上棉蚜两种水平空间格局4月20 日~5 月6 日一直都是聚集格局,东向方位数量偏多,以株为单位第4 、第10 株偏多,5 月6 日后扩散引起了格局变化;天敌中大草蛉与棉蚜数量之间相关,棉蚜与各种天敌总量极相关,天敌对棉蚜种群数量影响程度的顺序关联度显示为龟纹瓢虫> 食蚜蝇> 大草蛉;4 月18 日~5 月16 日木槿上棉蚜种群增长模型为线性模型;气象因子中前一天的大气相对湿度与木槿上棉蚜成若蚜总有翅率相关显著;大田棉蚜成蚜有翅率与提前2天木槿上棉蚜成蚜有翅率之间极相关. 相似文献
14.
15.
多样化的棉田生态系统控害保益功能特征研究 总被引:14,自引:2,他引:12
应用数量分析与能量测定相结合的方法 ,定量地分析和比较了华北棉区多样化的套间作棉田生态系统与单作棉田生态系统中主要害虫、天敌的种群动态及其天敌对害虫的控制作用 .结果表明 ,多样化的套间作系统中苗蚜与 2代棉铃虫发生轻 ,而伏蚜与 3代棉铃虫发生重 ;套间作系统有利于天敌群落能量的生产 ,尤其是利于捕食性蜘蛛类群的能量生产 ;从棉田生态系统棉株 害虫 天敌相互作用关系来看 ,尽管间套作系统内天敌群落生产力增加 ,保护益虫 (天敌 )作用好 ,同时也增加了害虫群落生产力 ,其控害功能较差 . 相似文献
16.
Hermoso de Mendoza A Arouni R Belliure B Carbonell EA Pérez-Panadés J 《Journal of economic entomology》2006,99(4):1273-1279
The production of clementine fruit was affected by varying densities of Aphis spiraecola Patch (Hemiptera: Aphididae) maintained on four groups of clementine, Citrus clementina Hort. ex Tan., trees individually isolated in mesh cages. A formula relating the number of aphids per square meter of canopy per group of trees to yield loss in that group of trees was obtained, permitting us to calculate the economic injury levels (EILs) and economic thresholds (ETs) for treatment against A. spiraecola, i.e., EIL, ET, environmental economic injury level (EEIL), and environmental economic threshold (EET). In an example case with current values, EIL = 370, ET = 322, EEIL = 614, and EET = 533 aphids per m2 of canopy. Formulae designed for easier use in the field were obtained to express each of these thresholds. The formulae are compared with those obtained for Aphis gossypii Glover in a previous study; the intervention thresholds for A. spiraecola are slightly higher than those found for A. gossypii. 相似文献
17.
18.
19.
Aerial dispersal of phytoseiid mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae): estimating falling speed and dispersal distance of adult females 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Aerial dispersal is important to immigration and redistribution of phytoseiid mites that often can provide biological control of spider mite pests. Falling speed of a mite and wind largely determine dispersal distance of such a passively blown organism. A diffusion model of wind-blown phytoseiids could provide insight into their dispersal. To this end, we measured body weights and falling speeds of adult females of 13 phytoseiid and one tetranychid mite species. These data were then incorporated into seed dispersal models (Greene and Johnson, Okubo and Levin) and results were compared to mite dispersal distances in wind tunnel, greenhouse and field. Weights of phytoseiid species ranged from 5.25 to 2l.7 μg; starved mites weighed less than fed mites. Geometric diameters ( d g ) of idiosomas were correlated to weights. Falling speeds for phytoseiids were 0.39–0.73 m/s, and less than for T. urticae (0.79 m/s) in still air. In some species, active mites had slower falling speeds than inactive (anesthetized) mites indicating that behavior may influence falling. Starved mites had significantly slower falling speeds than fed mites and dispersed farther. Equation-based estimates of falling speed were close to measured ones (2–8% deviation) for some species. There were significant relationships between falling speed and body weight and morphological traits. Greene and Johnson's seed dispersal model provided better fits to dispersal of mites in the wind tunnel, greenhouse and field studies than Okubo and Levin's model. Limits of models in describing mite dispersal distance and applications to IPM are discussed. 相似文献
20.
Ecological observations were made on house dust mites of Kolkata as they form a major part of synanthropic mite community. Dust samples were collected with regard to the abundance of mite in relation to certain socio-ecological parameters like, habitat preference, location of house, construction pattern of house, types of mattresses used and the frequency of cleaning of mattresses. Among two different habitats examined, bed dust contained significantly higher mite population (p < 0.01) than the corresponding bedroom floor dust. The density of total mites and glycyphagids are significantly higher in rural houses in comparison to those of urban houses. In contrast, rural houses contained least number of pyroglyphids/g of dust. The density of total mites as well as pyroglyphid mites/g of dust are higher in mud house in comparison to concrete house. The density of total mites, pyroglyphids and glycyphagids are higher in cotton mattress in comparison to that of foam mattress. The frequency of cleaning has a significant effect on reducing mite densities i.e., the more the frequency of cleaning the lesser are the mite densities. 相似文献