木薯良种——“南植188”引种试验简报

木文报道木薯良种“南植188“引种试验的初步结果。在桂林种植“南植188”品种表现长势好,结薯早且多.薯肥大等丰产性能,产量明显高于本地品种,是很有发展前途的木薯优良品种。     

木薯良种——“南植188”引种试验研究

本文报道木薯良种——“南植188”引种试验结果。在桂林地区种植“南植188”品种表现长势好,结薯早且多,薯肥大等丰产性能。产量明显高于本地品种,淀粉含量高,纤维素和氢氰酸含量低,是一个有发展前途的高产优质品种。     

从木薯嫩叶直接诱导初生体细胞胚胎发生和芽的形成

以木薯（ＭａｎｉｈｏｔｅｓｃｕｌｅｎｔａＣｒａｎｔｚ）品种“南植１８８”的嫩叶为外植体,用１０～８０ｍｇ／ＬＮＡＡ能直接诱导初生体细胞胚胎发生和芽的形成。与用４ｍｇ／Ｌ２,４Ｄ诱导木薯嫩叶产生初生体细胞胚及其植株再生相比,ＮＡＡ具有以下特点：它不仅能直接诱导初生体细胞胚发生,而且能直接诱导芽的形成;而２,４Ｄ只能诱导体细胞胚胎发生而不能诱导芽的形成。ＮＡＡ诱导初生体细胞胚较快,在培养９～１３ｄ后就能见到初生体细胞胚的形成,在培养１０～１４ｄ就能见到芽的形成;而２,４Ｄ所诱导的体细胞胚至少在培养１５ｄ后才能见到。ＮＡＡ诱导的初生体细胞胚的植株再生频率可高达４８％;而２,４Ｄ所诱导的体细胞胚的再生频率只有４．１％。实验结果还证实,在供试的另外１６个木薯品种中,有１２个品种能够直接从嫩叶诱导初生体细胞胚胎发生或芽的形成。     

木薯良种—“南植188”的组培快速繁殖研究

本文报道木薯良种——“南植188”的快速繁殖。茎段培养在MS或改良MS基本培养基中,研究植物激素对器官形成的影响及试管苗移栽技术。试验结果表明BA促进芽的形成和增殖,BA和NAA混合使用有利芽伸长,当无根苗转生根培养基,诱导生根获得完整植株,试管苗移栽成功,幼苗生长良好。     

木薯种茎活力的生理生化鉴评指标研究

以4种人工老化程度的‘华南8号’和‘南植199’木薯种茎为材料, 开展正常供水和干旱胁迫两种条件下的种茎发芽与幼苗生长试验, 同时测定种茎的生理生化指标。主成分分析获得不同老化程度种茎的活力综合得分; 由活力综合得分与生理生化指标的相关性分析, 找出遴选种茎活力的高效鉴评指标, 为木薯种茎处理及贮藏提供一定的理论依据。结果表明: 华南8号和南植199种茎活力综合得分均与其可溶性蛋白含量呈显著负相关, 与其淀粉含量呈显著正相关, 南植199种茎活力综合得分还与其脯氨酸含量呈极显著负相关。综评推荐淀粉含量和可溶性蛋白含量作为木薯种茎活力的鉴评指标; 木薯种茎可溶性蛋白含量较低、淀粉含量较高, 则其活力较高。     

云南蝴蝶区系及其区划的研究

作者通过多年对云南及邻近省区的野外考察采集,共获蝴蝶标本３０,０００余只,本文就先鉴定出４３２种（分属１１科,１８８属）,分析了云南蝴蝶的区系组成及其起源与演化,并对云南蝴蝶的区划进行了探讨,旨在为研究云南蝴蝶区系特征及其起源与演化的成因做好基础工作。     

蛇毒与白细胞介素已治疗肺癌910例

蛇毒与白细胞介素已治疗肺癌９１０例上海警备区机关门诊部梁光裕作者应用久龄蛇毒丸,联合应用白细胞介素２（ＩＬ２）,对肺癌的治疗进行了探索。１材料与方法１．１临床资料：９１０名肺癌患者中男７２２例,女１８８例。５０岁以上５３１例。５０岁以下３７７例。有吸...     

鲤鱼（Cyprinus carpio）生长激素基因的亚克隆及其序列分析

本文对ＰＣＲ扩增的６６８ｂｐ的ＤＮＡ片段进行了亚克隆,然后以Ｓａｎｇｅｒ双脱氧中止法为原理,利用美国ＡＢＩ公司３７０Ａ自动核酸序列分析仪,确定了６６８ｂｐ的核苷酸序列。序列分析表明鲤鱼生长激素基因的开放读框含有６３０ｂｐ,并推测其中包括２２个氨基酸的信号肽和１８８个氨基酸的成熟多肽。鲤鱼生长激素基因的酶切图谱和序列分析的结果都证明我们已获得了全长的鲤鱼生长激素基因。     

人TIMP—3cDNA的克隆,表达及其抗血管生成作用

从人新鲜的胎盘组织中提取总ＲＮＡ,以ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ法获取了人组织金属蛋白酶抑制－３成熟蛋白的ｃＤＮＡ。序列分析表明,ＴＩＭＰ－３成熟蛋白含有１８８个氨基酸残基,其中１２个半胱氨酸残基在ＴＩＭＰ家族中高度保守。将人ＴＩＭＰ－３ｃＤＮＡ插入含７启动子的质粒ｐＥＴ－２４构建表达质粒ｐＥＴ－ＴＩＭＰ３,转化大肠杆菌ＢＬ２１,筛选表达菌株ＢＬＴＩＭＰ３。     

生长期对不同品种(系)木薯品质特性的影响

本文研究了不同生长期对不同品种(系)木薯含粉率、氢氰酸和单宁含量等品质特性的影响.结果表明,随着生长期的延长,木薯含粉率呈现先增加后下降的趋势,氢氰酸和单宁含量的变化趋势因品种(系)而异.品种南植在生长7个月收获时,木薯淀粉含量高,氢氰酸和单宁含量较低,品种D、SC和ZM在生长9个月收获时,木薯淀粉含量高,氢氰酸和单宁含量较低,因此适合食品用淀粉的深加工;品种C和E在生长8个月收获时,淀粉含量高,但氢氰酸和单宁含量也较高.本研究探明了不同生长期和品种对鲜木薯含粉率、单宁和氢氰酸含量的影响,为合理选择生长期和木薯品种提供理论支撑.     

Effects of cytokinins and auxins on cassava shoot organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis from somatic embryo explants

Somatic embryos of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) cultivar ‘Nanzhi 188’ were isolated and cut into fragments to be cultured on media with various cytokinins and auxins. Cytokinin induced of cassava shoot organogenesis, while auxin stimulated somatic embryogenesis. The effectiveness on organogenesis was different based on different cytokinins and in combination with auxins. Benzyladenine and thidiazuron stimulated more shoot organogenesis than kinetin and N-isopentenyladenine. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

提高木薯循环培养的次生体胚再生植株频率研究

用木薯成熟体胚子叶作外植体诱导次生体胚,接种7d或15d后分别在诱导培养基或成熟培养基中加入AgNO3,可明显提高植株再生频率。前者可使体胚再生植株频率由对照的40．5％提高到58．1％;后者可使植株再生频率由对照的36．1％提高到61．3％。用ABA进行上述处理,效果更加显著。诱导期处理,可使植株再生频率由对照的40．5％提高到72．6％;成熟期处理,植株再生频率由对照的36．1％提高到81．3％。若诱导7d后,将2,4－D浓度由4．0mgL-1降至2．0mgL-1,并加AgNO3,继续诱导15d,转到附加0．25mgL-1ABA的成熟培养基中培养至30d,能极显著地促进体胚的发育和成熟,使植株再生频率达到一个相当高的水平,最高达95％,平均每个外植体产生的植株数达39．6个,分别相当于对照的2．38倍和2．46倍。     

Spatial and Temporal Spread of Cassava Mosaic Virus Disease in Cassava Grown Alone and when Intercropped with Maize and/or Cowpea

The spread of cassava mosaic disease (CMD) and populations of the whitefly vector (Bemisia tabaci) were recorded in cassava when grown alone and when intercropped with maize and/or cowpea. The trials were planted under conditions of high inoculum pressure in 1995 and 1996 at a site in the lowland rainforest zone of southern Cameroon. In the 1995 experiment, the maize and cowpea intercrops reduced the final incidence of CMD in the cassava cvs. Dschang White and Dschang Violet, but not in the more resistant cv. Improved. In the 1996 experiment with cv. Dschang Violet, the maize and cowpea intercrops grown alone or together decreased adult whitefly populations on cassava by 50% and CMD incidence by 20%. The monomolecular population growth model generally provided the best fit for disease progress. Areas under the disease progress curves (AUDPCs) and incidences expressed as multiple infection units were significantly (P<0.05) less for cassava intercropped with maize and/or cowpea than in cassava alone; times to 50% CMD incidence were significantly (P<0.05) longer in all intercrop systems. In 1995 the basic infection rates (r) were similarly low (0.010 per month) in the moderately resistant cv. Dschang Violet intercropped with maize and in all treatments in the more resistant cv. Improved. By contrast, rates were significantly higherfor cv. Dschang Violet alone or with cowpea and in all treatments for the less resistant cv. Dschang White (0.030–0.060). In 1996, r values in cassava grown alone (0.077) were significantly larger (P<0.05) than in the other cropping systems (0.042–0.052). There were no significant differences in the symptom severity in the different cropping systems. Disease foci were isodametric and more compact in plots containing cowpea than in other cropping systems.     

Freshwater use analysis of cassava for food feed fuel in the Mun River basin,Thailand

Purpose

This research aims to assess the current freshwater use in the cassava supply chain for food, feed fuel in the Mun basin, and the water scarcity impact and possible options to increase cassava production to meet the future demand following the Renewable and Alternative Energy Development Plan (AEDP) target.

Methods

This research analyzes freshwater use based on ISO 14046 water footprint assessment. The analysis was implemented based on a life cycle perspective that determines the impact on freshwater use from cassava products along their supply chain. Both direct water use and indirect water use that associated are analyzed. Midpoint impact of water use was assessed using water stress index (WSI) to calculate water scarcity footprint.

Results and discussion

The results show that in the current situation, total freshwater use of all cassava-related product in Mun basin in the base case is 1140 million m³/year. When WSI was applied, water scarcity footprint of all cassava-related products in the Mun basin in the base case was only 147 million m³/year. In the scenario 1, increasing irrigation to increase yield in the existing cassava cultivation area in the Mun basin has the largest water use compare to other scenarios. Scenarios 2 and 3, expanding cassava cultivation area in Mun basin and in other regions, have lower water and water scarcity impact than scenario 1. The benefit from transforming paddy rice (in unsuitable areas) to cassava cultivation was also good. However, more resources are required including land, energy, or fertilizer, and other environmental impacts such as greenhouse gas emission or eutrophication could be increased from the increasing resource use. Therefore, the decision-making process needs to consider the trade-off between those factors, and a more complete life cycle assessment (LCA) on the envisioned alternatives should be applied for further analysis.

Conclusions

The increasing demand of biofuels derived from cassava can increase stress on water in the Mun River basin. Increasing irrigation water use in the area as per requirement could possibly increase yield to meet the future feedstock demand but has large water scarcity impact. However, this could be alleviated by using groundwater from additional wells in the farm. Expanding cassava cultivation area could be another option having low water scarcity impact, but it requires more resources and could increase other environmental impacts that need to be further analyzed by a complete LCA.

     

试管苗木薯的光合作用及水分关系特性

引进种试管苗木薯188比本地栽培种面包木薯具有相对高的光合速率、光合产物输出率、光合色素含量、叶片气孔传导性、良好的水分关系参数和较低的乙醇酸氢化酶活性。表明引进种试管苗比本地栽培种对干旱逆境的适应性强,生产性能高。     

A Screening Method for Detecting Resistance Against Cassava Bacterial Blight Disease

Inoculation of the cassava bacterial blight (CBB) pathogen by using a modified pair of tongs on cassava shoots (1-month-old) in the glasshouse and in the field resulted in symptoms within 24-48 h on susceptible cassava lines ‘02864’ and ‘M'pelolongi’. Gum exudates on inoculated young stems and die-back appeared 7-12 and 20-25 days later, respectively. No symptoms of CBB were observed on cv. ‘Kadanga Malombe’. Symptom development and CBB ratings on 3-month-old cassava shoots in the glasshouse and inthe field were not consistent. Inoculation of CBB pathogen on 521 cassava shoots (1-month-old) using the tongs method gave 81 and 82 resistant and moderately resistant plants to CBB, respectively. The tongs method is an excellent field-screening technique for detecting resistance to CBB on 1-month-old cassava shoots.     

中国木薯栽培种通过器官发生再生植株研究

本文研究了中国木薯栽培种四种外植体通过器官发生再生植株的条件。结果表明:在MS附加0.05mg/L TIBA,1mg/L BA的培养基上“NZ 188”初步的萌发胚状体“切头”后切口处可直接产生丛芽,出芽率为43%。“SC201”胚状体子叶块在MS附加0.5 mg/L NAA,0.5mg/L BA的培养基上可直接出芽,出芽率为42%,在MS附加0.5mg/L IBA,1.5mg/L BA培养基上·出芽率为31%,AgNO_3和ABA单独使用或配合使用均不利于芽的再生。“NZ188”胚状体下胚轴在MS附加0.5mg/LNAA,0.5mg/L BA的培养基上形成的愈伤组织转入MS附加1mg/L NAA,2mg/L BA的培养基上,3周后大多数愈伤组织有绿点出现、仅4.4%外植体分化出芽。“HZ188”无菌苗茎段接种在MS附加0.05mg/L TIBA,2mg/LBA的固体培养基上,2周后形成大量愈伤组织,4周后仅见一块愈伤组织分化出芽。     

Seasonal variation in photosynthesis performance of cassava at two different growth stages under irrigated and rain-fed conditions in a tropical savanna climate

Photosynthetica - Seasonal variations in photosynthesis of cassava cv. Rayong 9 (RY9) under irrigated and rain-fed conditions were evaluated at the age of three and six months after planting (MAP)....